12

Introduction to
World Religions and
Belief System
Quarter 1
Module 6: Islam

Richard Ostling, “Scroll”, A religion

Amiyah-Sarea Goshton, “Buddha”, question and so much more: What is
Buddhism, November 12, 2019 Judaism?, January 18,2020
(https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories (https://www.getreligion.org/getreligio
n/2020/1/17/what-is-judaism)

David Mislin,"Holy Bible", When Milind Sathye, “Hindu Gods”, The General
Americans tried – and failed – to reunite Framework of Hinduism- II,July 23,2018,
Christianity, November 8,2017 (http://indiafacts.org/the-general-
(https://theconversation.com/when- framework-of-hinduism-ii/)
americans-tried-and-failed-to-reunite-

Jeremy Dean, "Confucious", How to Be Karin Lehnardt, "Mosque", 99 Interesting

Happy, Confucian Style, January 24, Islam Facts, August 25, 2016,
2008, (https://www.factretriever.com/islam-
(https://www.spring.org.uk/2008/01/h facts)
ow-to-be-happy-confucian-style.php)

Tiger Barb, "Fushimi Inari Robert W. Woodruff, "Yin and Yang",

Shrine", Shintoism, 2020 Eastern Religions: Taoism /Daoism, June
(https://www.worldreligions.c 11,2020 (https://research.auctr.edu)
om/shintoism) Damien AtHope,"Animism", The Emergence of Pre-
Religion 300,000 years ago, with Pre-Animism?,
December 21, 2018.
https://damienmarieathope.com/2018/12/the-
emergence-of-pre-religion-300000-years-ago-with-
pre-animism/

1
Introduction of World Religions and Belief System - Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Islam
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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Gilbert Lim

Development Team of the Module

Writer: JORDAN R. BALCE

Editors: LEONOR L. BINAOHAN, MT1; MARISSA D. NARTE, HT III
JOHN EDWARD B. ATIWAG, MT1
Reviewers: MR. DARIO I. CABANELA,EPS-ESP / MR. DARCY GUY MAÑEBO, EPS

Illustrator: JORDAN R. BALCE

Layout Artist: JORDAN R. BALCE

2
Introduction of World Religions and Belief System - Grade 12
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Islam

I. Introduction:
Islam is one of the most fast-growing world religions. This religion is the second-largest next
to Christianity. Islam was founded in the 7th century by Prophet Muhammad. You will know more
about this religion as we go further to this lesson.

II. Objectives
At the end of the lesson you are expected to:

Learning Competency: Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs,
practices, and related issues of Islam. HUMSS_WRB12-I/IIIg-h-6.3

Specific Objectives: 1. Recount the history of Islam;

2. Differentiate the division of Islam from one another;

3. Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs,

practices, and related issues of Islam; and

4. Value the teaching of Islam.

III. Vocabulary
Please read the following words to guide you with its meaning on how they were used in the
discussion section.

• Animistic – praise spirits and other elements

• Bedouins – People living in the desert

• Contemplation – a deep reflective thought

• Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca

• Hijram - Muhammad's move from Mecca to Yathrib (Median)

• Islam - Religion based on the belief in Allah

3
 • Mosque - Islamic house of worship

• Pilgrims – a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons

• Qur'an - Holy book of Islam

• Shari'a - Body of Islamic Law

• Sunna - Islamic model for living based on the life and teachings of Muhammad

Reference: Britannica.com

IV. Pre-Test
Instructions: Let’s gauge your prior knowledge about Islam. Read each question or statement very
carefully. Then, choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it in your notebook.

1. All of the following are pillars of Islam, EXCEPT:

a. Fasting c. Prophethood
b. Prayer d. Pilgrimage

2. The word "Islam" means:

a. Justice and peace
b. Peace achieved through submission to the Prophet’s message
c. Peace achieved through submission to God
d. The spread of peace around the world

3. What is not prohibited in Islam?

a. Eating pork c. Drinking alcohol
b. Eating fish d. Premarital sex

4. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims do all the following, EXCEPT:

a. Refrain from food and drink from dawn till dusk
b. Refrain from sexual activity for the entire month
c. Refrain from gossiping
d. Give more to charity

5. What is the most populous Muslim country in the world?

a. Saudi Arabia c. Pakistan
b. Indonesia d. Iraq

4
 III. Learning Activities
Practice Activity 1. Connect and Recall
In your previous years in school, you already started studying Islam in your Araling Panlipunan
subjects. Let’s now have a try if you can still recall something.

In this activity, you will be asked to connect the words to the dots around the mosque associated
with the Islamic faith. After this, write the chosen words on the space provided for and put a short
description. Be reminded that there are only six correct answers. Write your answer in your notebook.

Mecca Brahmin
Hajj
Shiva Hadith Surah

Allah Qu’ran Veda

Terms Description

5
Practice Activity 2. Let’s Dig Deeper!
In the previous activity, you've recalled some information about Islamic faith. This time, you
will be asked to know more about Islam. Find out the pillars, sacred texts, as well as some issues related
to them. You can ask ideas from your siblings, friends in social media, or friends from your
neighborhood. Use the format of the concept map below. Write your answer in your notebook.

ISLAM

Sacred Texts Pillars Issues

Practice Activity 3. Crossword Puzzle

You did great in the previous activities. I’m sure you are enjoying what you are doing.
Meanwhile, I provided another enjoyable task. There are six words related to Islam that you can find
on the puzzle. Write your answer in your notebook.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

What are these words

pertain to?

6
Historical Background of Islam
Islam is the second-largest religion, with about 1.8
billion Muslims worldwide. Scholars typically date the
creation of Islam to the 7th century, making it the
youngest of the major world religions. This religion
began with the Arabian Desert.

The Arabian Peninsula left its mark on the Arab people.

Basit Mahmood, "Mecca", Incredible pictures from Mecca as That time, the land is almost completely covered by
2,000,000 Muslims begin hajj pilgrimage, August 9,2019
https://metro.co.uk/2019/08/09/incredible-pictures-mecca-
desert. The desert people were nomads. They herded
2000000-muslims-begin-hajj-pilgrimage-10543758/ animals, leading them from one fertile spot, or oasis, to
another. Over time, many of these people began to live in
towns and cities. They also started to trade goods. By the
early 600s, trade became an essential activity in the Arabian Peninsula. Merchants from the north
brought goods to Arabia. They traded for spices and other products and also brought new ideas.

At that time, some Arabs believed in one God. Others believed in many gods and had been
influenced by other religions for an extended period, including Byzantine Christianity, Judaism, and
Zoroastrianism.

Pre-Islamic religion was also animistic in character. They believed that there are spirits in rocks,
trees, and wells and had to be respected and honored. As time passed by, the city of Mecca became
sacred. It is the place where a meteoric stone, "the Black Stone or Kaaba", can be found. Pilgrims
travelled to Mecca to worship at the shrine. Mecca can be found on the central western coast of Arabia.

Who is Prophet Muhammad?

Muhammad ibn Abd Allah was born in Mecca around 570 C.E., to an Arab clan called Banu
Hashim. He was orphaned at an early age of six, and it was his grandfather took care of him. Two years
later, his grandfather died, and so his uncle Abu Talib, head of the Hashim clan, took care of him. The
family he belonged to was active in politics and trade.

At age 40, he took religion as his life's mission and became a prophet. According to Muslim
belief, the angel Gabriel visited Muhammad and told him to speak the word of God to his people.

Muhammad began to teach that Allah was the one and only God. At first, many people in Mecca
opposed Muhammad's views. They feared Meccans would neglect traditional Arab gods. Muhammad
and his followers were forced to leave Mecca for Yathrib (later called Medina) in 622. This became
known as Hijrah. The Hijrah was the turning point for Muhammad.

Gradually, Muhammad and his followers gained power. Finally, in 630, Muhammad went to
the Ka'aba in Mecca and destroyed the idols. Many of the people of Mecca adopted Islam. They began
to worship Allah as the only God. Muhammad died soon after in 632. Much of the Arabian Peninsula
already united under Islam.

7
Beliefs and Practices

Sacred ❖ The Quran is the sacred book of Islam, and is believed to be a collection of the
Scriptures direct "recitations" of Allah, or God, as received by the prophet Muhammad
(Qur’an)
(c. 570-632 AD). Muslims do not regard Muhammad as divine with God, but
as the last in a line of prophets. In fact, the most important Muslim belief is
that there is no other god besides God and no division within the divine
Godhead. The Christian Trinity therefore remains problematic for many
Muslims. Recognizing them as sacred, the Quran bears some overlap to the
Hebrew and Christian scriptures, yet differs on certain facts: one in particular
is the blessing and role given to Ishmael rather than Isaac in Islamic tradition.
And while Muslims view the Old Testament prophets and Jesus as true
prophets, they believe that the revelation Muhammad received perfects the
Abrahamic prophetic tradition. Accordingly, Muslims hold the life and
teachings of the prophet Muhammad in highest esteem and believe faith
requires discipleship to his example.

(Hadith)
❖ The Hadith is the collected traditions of the Prophet Muhammad, based on
his sayings and actions. There are six canonical hadith collections that are
widely accepted by Sunni Muslims; the two most famous are those of
Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-Bukhari (810–870) and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
(817–875), both of which have the same title al-Sahih (The Authentic).
Each Hadith usually begins with the chain of the narrators (isnad) going back
to the time of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, followed by the
text of the tradition itself. Al-Bukhari compiled his collection of hadiths with
the utmost caution with regards to the authenticity of the Hadith being
transmitted. The hadiths relate to a broad range of subjects, from theological
concerns such as revelation and the nature of God to instructions on daily
worship and rituals to legal advice.

8
 Six Major The following six beliefs are commonly held by Muslims, as laid out in the
Beliefs in Islam Quran and Hadith.
1. Belief in the Oneness of God: Muslims believe that God is the creator of
all things and that God is all-powerful and all-knowing. God has no
offspring, no race, no gender, no body, and is unaffected by the
characteristics of human life.

2. Belief in the Angels of God: Muslims believe in angels, unseen beings who
worship God, and carry out God’s orders throughout the universe. The angel
Gabriel brought the divine revelation to the prophets.

3. Belief in the Books of God: Muslims believe that God revealed holy books
or scriptures to some of God’s messengers. These include the Quran (given
to Muhammad), the Torah (given to Moses), the Gospel (given to Jesus), the
Psalms (given to David), and the Scrolls (given to Abraham). Muslims
believe that these earlier scriptures in their original form were divinely
revealed, but that only the Quran remains as it was first revealed to the
prophet Muhammad.

4. Belief in the Prophets or Messengers of God: Muslims believe that God’s

guidance has been exposed to humankind through specially appointed
messengers, or prophets, beginning with the first man, Adam, who is
considered the first prophet. Twenty-five of these prophets is mentioned by
name in the Quran, including Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Muslims
believe that Muhammad is the last in this line of prophets, sent for all
humankind with the message of Islam.

5. Belief in the Day of Judgment: Muslims believe that on the Day of

Judgment, humans will be judged for their actions in this life; those who
followed God’s guidance will be rewarded with paradise; those who rejected
God’s guidance will be punished with hell.

6. Belief in the Divine Decree: This article of faith addresses the question of
God’s will. It can be expressed as the belief that everything is governed by
divine decree. Namely, whatever happens in one’s life is preordained, and
believers should respond to the good or bad that occurs them with
thankfulness or patience. This concept does not negate the idea of “free
will;” since humans do not have prior knowledge of God’s decree, they do
have freedom of choice.
5 Pillars ❖ The Five Pillars of Islam is the foundation of the Muslims' faith, and they
strictly follow these practices.
• Shahadah (Creed) - The belief that "There is no god but God, and
Muhammad is the Messenger of God" is central to Islam. One becomes a
Muslim by reciting this phrase with conviction. It is the first sentence
whispered into the ears of a newborn infant and the last words given to a
dying Muslim. For a Muslim, to deny any part of the shahada is equal to
the crime of reversion to Islam that is punishable under Quranic law.

9
• Salat (Prayer) – Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn,
noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark. Prayer includes a recitation
of the opening chapter (sura) of the Qur'an and is sometimes performed
on a small rug or mat used expressly for this purpose. Muslims can pray
individually at any location or together in a mosque, where a leader in
prayer (imam) guides the congregation. Men gather in the mosque for the
noonday prayer on Friday (a day of public prayer). Women are welcome
but not obliged to participate. After the prayer, a sermon focuses on a
passage from the Qur'an. Prayers follow it by the imam and a discussion
of a particular religious topic.

• Zakat (Charity) - Under Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed portion of

their income to community members in need. Many rulers and wealthy
Muslims build mosques, drinking fountains, hospitals, schools, and other
institutions both as a religious duty and to secure the blessings associated
with a charity. They are giving 2.5% of one's wealth to the poor and
needy. A good Muslim is expected to perform acts of generosity and
charity for the poor when such acts are called for in everyday life
(Cornelio 2016, 55)

• Sawn (Fasting on Ramadan) - During Ramadan's daylight hours, the ninth

month of the Islamic calendar, all healthy adult Muslims are required to
abstain from food and drink. By this abstinence, they renew their
awareness of gratitude for everything God has provided. During
Ramadan, they share the hunger and thirst of the needy as a reminder of
the religious duty to help those poor. Muslims fast as an act of worship,
a chance to get closer to God and become more compassionate to those
in need. Fasting is also seen as a way to learn patience and break bad
habits. The sawn culminates with the “Feast of Breaking the Fast” (‘Id
al-Fitr) wherein Muslims may celebrate and partake in festivities. They
hold congregational prayers and exchange presents.

• Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca) - In present-day Saudi Arabia, every Muslim

whose health and finances permit it must make at least one visit to the
holy city of Mecca. The Ka'ba, a cubical structure covered in black
embroidered hangings, is at the center of the Haram Mosque in Mecca.
Muslims believe that it is the house Abraham (Ibrahim in Arabic) built
for God, and face in its direction (qibla) when they pray. Since the time
of Muhammad, believers from all over the world have gathered around
the Ka'ba in Mecca on the eighth and twelfth days of the final month of
the Islamic calendar.

10
Worship and Observances
The Islamic calendar is lunar consists of twelve months in a year and 354 days. There
are either 29 or 30 days in each month, but they are not in order. It is also called a Muslim
calendar or Hijri calendar.

Islamic festivals or holidays are celebrated according to the Islamic calendar. The
traditional practice is, festival dates are decided and declared by a committee of Muslim leaders
in the local country. This practice is followed in the majority of Muslim countries. Muslim
leaders follow the process of the first sighting of the crescent moon after sunset to decide the
first day of each month, and then festivals are derived from there.

11
 Ramadan ❖ Ramadan is the most sacred month of the year for Muslims. They believe it
was during this month that God revealed the first verses of the Quran, Islam's
sacred text, to Mohammed, on a night known as "The Night of Power" (or
Laylat al-Qadr in Arabic). During the entire month of Ramadan, Muslims fast
every day from dawn to sunset. It is meant to be a time of spiritual discipline
— of deep contemplation of one's relationship with God, extra prayer,
increased charity and generosity, and intense study of the Quran. It's a time of
celebration and joy, to be spent with loved ones. At the end of Ramadan, there's
a big three-day celebration called Eid al-Fitr, or the Festival of the Breaking
of the Fast. It's like the Muslim version of Christmas, in the sense that it's a
religious holiday where everyone comes together for big meals with family
and friends, exchanges presents, and generally has a lovely time.
Dhu al-Hijja ❖ It is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic Calendar. It is also known
as Thou al-Hijja. This is a very sacred month in the Islamic calendar, marking
the end of the year. It is in this month in which the Hajj pilgrimage takes place.
"Dhu al-hijjah" literally means 'Lord of the Pilgrimage.' During this month,
pilgrims from all around the world go at Mecca to visit the Kaaba. The Hajj is
performed on the eighth, ninth and the tenth of this month. Eid ul-Adha, the
'Festival of the Sacrifice,' begins on the tenth day and ends on the 13 th.
Eid al-Adha ❖ It is the second of two great Muslim festivals. It marks the end of
the hajj (pilgrimage) rites at Minā, Saudi Arabia, near Mecca, but is celebrated
by Muslims throughout the world. As with Eid al-Fitr, it is distinguished by
the performance of communal prayer (ṣalāt) at daybreak on its first day. It
begins on the 10th of Dhū al-Ḥijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar,
and continues for three additional days. During the festival, families that can
afford to sacrifice a ritually acceptable animal (sheep, goat, camel, or cow) do
so and divide the flesh equally among themselves, the poor, and friends and
neighbors. Eid al-Adha is also a time for visiting with friends and family and
for exchanging gifts. This festival recall the ransom with a ram of the biblical
patriarch Abraham’s son Ishmael—rather than Isaac, as in Judeo-Christian
tradition.

Subdivisions of Christianity
Though the two main sects within Islam, Sunni, and Shia, agree on most of the fundamental
beliefs and practices of Islam, a bitter split between the two goes back some 14 centuries. The divide
originated with a dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad as leader of the Islamic
faith he introduced.

Today, about 85 percent of the approximately 1.6 billion Muslims worldwide are Sunni, while
15 percent are Shia, according to an estimate by the Council on Foreign Relations. While Shia
represents the majority of the population in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain and Azerbaijan, and a plurality in
Lebanon, Sunnis are the majority in more than 40 other countries, from Morocco to Indonesia.

12
Sunni Muslims (The Sunnis)
The Sunnis are the largest branch of the Muslim community, at least 85 percent of the world's
1.2 billion Muslims. The name is derived from the Sunnah, the model behavior of the Prophet
Muhammad. The Sunnah guides all Muslims, but Sunnis stress it, as well as consensus (ijma; the full
name of Sunnis is Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Ijma, people of the Sunnah and agreement). The other branch of
Islam, the Shiis, is guided by the wisdom of Muhammad's descendants, but through his son-in-law Ali.

Sunni life is guided by four schools of legal thought—Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali—
each of which strives to develop practical applications of revelation and the Prophet's example. Sunni
Islam composes a variety of theological and legal schools, attitudes, and outlooks conditioned by
historical setting, locale, and culture. But despite this, Sunnis around the world share some common
points: acceptance of the legitimacy of the first four successors of Muhammad ( Abu Bakr, Umar,
Uthman, and Ali), and the belief that other Islamic sects have introduced innovations (bidah), departing
from majority belief.

Sunni Islamic institutions developed out of struggles in early Islam over the leadership of the
Muslim community. Political and religious positions, articulated by scholars, arose from disputes over
the definition of "true" belief, the status of those who profess Islam, but committing a great sin, freedom,
and determinism. Sunnis tend to reject excessive rationalism or intellectualism, focusing instead on the
spirit and intent of the Quran.

Shia Muslims (The Shi’ites)

Shi'a Islam is the only major division in Islam. However, it is not a recent schism, for it dates
back right to the foundations of Islam. Shi'ite historians believe that Shi'ism began shortly after
Muhammad's death, when the Caliphate, or secular leadership of Islam, was handed to Muhammad's
father-in-law, Abu Bakr, rather than 'Ali. ' Muhammad's chosen successor. The Muslims who supported
'Ali called themselves the "Partisans of 'Ali" (Shi'a 'Ali ); these supporters, who were only four in
number, are the root of Shi'a Islam. Western and Sunni historians date Shi'ism as a religion to the death
of Husayn, Muhammad's grandson, in the battle of Karbala. The celebration of this martyrdom by
the Shi'a' Ali represents the first clear instance of separate religious practice for these historians.

The main Shi’ite sects are the Seveners, Twelvers¸and ‘Ibadis. The Seveners believe that there
were seven imams. They are mostly found in India, Yemen, and parts of Africa. Meanwhile, the
Twelvers claim that there are twelve imams with most believers located in Iran. Finally, the ‘Ibadis
believe that the community may elect any appropriate Muslim as imam. They are mostly found in Oman
(Ong 2016, 99).

13
Some Selected Issues
Islam and Women The role of women in Muslim societies is a complicated
subject since their rights vary greatly throughout Islamic nations.
While they may experience harsh restrictions in terms of legal
rights and employment opportunities, women rulers have emerged
in the twentieth century to lead Asian countries such as
Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Turkey.

Women in Islam must accept that their roles in society vary

greatly when compared to men. Foremost, they must remain
obedient to their fathers and husband. A surah in the Quran depicts
a woman's father or husband as master and portrays men's
superiority over women.

Goleen Samari, "Islam Women",Islamophobia is a All Muslims are required to observe the Five Pillars of Islam.
Public Health Issue, and It Should Be Treated As However, congregational prayers tend to be dominated by men,
Such,October 3,2016
https://news.utexas.edu/2016/10/03/islamoph while this activity remains optional for women. It is prohibited for
obia-is-a-public-health-issue/ any woman to lead prayers. When a woman is having her usual
menstrual period, she must not enter any mosque. In some
countries, Muslim women are required to cover their face and
bodies when in company with men other than their immediate kin
(Ong 2016, 99-100)

Meanwhile, with so many restrictions imposed by society

upon Muslim women, the Quran assures women the right to own,
dispose, and inherit properties and earnings, to participate in a
political exercise, and to sue for divorce. In other words, a
complete, legal identity is guaranteed by the Quran to Muslim
women. Husbands are also encouraged to treat their wives well.
Mothers must be treated in the best way possible, as stated in
Quranic teachings. (Ong 2016, 99-100)

While the West has labeled Islam as anti-woman, the

opposite may be true because of the religion’s pro-equality stance
Asma Lamrabet, "Women in the Qur'an",Women in on many issues. For example, traditional Islamic law holds that
the Qur'an: An Emancipatory Reading Paperback, women cannot be denied of education, cannot be forced into
May 24, 2016 https://www.amazon.com/Women-
Quran-Emancipatory-Asma-
marriage, can divorce their husbands, and can vote and hold office.
Lamrabet/dp/1847740820 Unfortunately, Muslim societies do not always measure up to
Islamic standards

The Quran views women as spiritually equal to men. As both

shall be assessed during the “Day of Judgment,” they must both
perform good deeds. Nevertheless, despite the elevation in the
status of women in Muslim society, they remain seemingly inferior
to men.

14
 The Holy War (Jihad) One controversial requirement placed upon Muslims by their
faith concerns holy war or jihad. A frequently mistranslated term,
jihad means “effort” or “struggle” to convince unbelievers to
pursue the Muslim way of life. Strictly speaking, it could mean a
Muslim is going to war to wipe out the infidels in the name of
Allah. However, the method of a jihadist can be a peaceful one,
such as living a pious life or observing the required obligations to
his faith, or through violent means, especially if the infidels are
obstinate. Presently, jihad has remained a vague issue, especially
now that Arab nations have been less than apprehensive about
Indus Scrolls, "Jihad", Jihad is not Terrorism?
June 20, 2019 committing to war as unified Muslims versus non-Muslims (Hopfe
https://indusscrolls.com/jihad-is-not- 1983). Likewise, Islamic law opposes all violent means except in
terrorism/
cases of war or legally sanctioned punishment of criminals (Ong
2016, 100).
Militancy and Terrorism Islam is a religion of mercy that prohibits terrorism. During
Muhammad's time, he prohibited his soldiers to kill women and
children and even listed murder as the second of the major sins.
Muhammad also forbade punishment through the use of fire.
Since Islam is a religion of peace and mercy, terrorism in all
its forms is hated by Muslims. Destruction of human lives,
buildings, infrastructures, shrines, and other properties are
despicable in the light of various Islamic texts. Muslims who
promote terrorism and mass slaughter of innocent and helpless
civilians do not embody Islamic ideals. Their blatant disregard of
Stuart Winter, "Militants", Kenya bus Quranic teachings distorts the very essence of Islam as a peaceful
terror: Islamic Jjihadists Single out &
Shoot 28 just Because They Weren't religion. The presence of violence in an Islamic society cannot be
Muslim, November 22,2014 attributed to Islam's teachings but the failings of human followers
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/
538773/Kenya-bus-horror-Islamic-
of the religion. A person committing an act of terrorism is guilty of
terrorists-shoot-dead-28-Christians violating Islamic laws for that matter. (Ong 2016, 101)

Migration The late nineteenth century saw a significant migration of

Muslims from Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan to the US. After the
Second World War, European countries encouraged emigration
from former colonies to augment workforce shortages. United
Kingdom today is home to more than two million Muslims; France
between four to five million Muslims; and Germany four million
Muslims. In 2010, there were about 44 million Muslims in Europe,
excluding Turkey.
The Muslim population in the US and Europe continues to
rise in the present century. Islam has now become an American
religion, with around six million Muslims in population. Muslim
Islamic Theology of Counter Terrorism, "Migration",
Can Muslims Migrate to Non- Muslim Countries?, immigrants and their American-born children number about four
March 12, 2019 million in total. Meanwhile, almost two million are American
https://itct.org.uk/archives/itct_article/can-
muslims-migrate-to-non-muslim-countries
converts that are mainly African American (Ong 2016, 101).

15
 VI. Practice Task
You are done learning the lessons about Islam. This time you will do some practice
exercises to know what you have learned.

Practice Task #1 Identification

Instruction: Identify the word being described in each statement. Choose your answer on the box.
Write it in your notebook.

Allah Sunni Mosque Hajj

Muhammad Qur’an Surahs Ayahs
Islam

1. 1. This refers to the Muslim church or place for worship.

2. 2. He is the religious leader in Islam, who traces a hereditary

succession from Muhammad.

3. 3. The Islamic practice of pilgrimage to Mecca.

4. 4. The word literally means “submission” or “surrender”.

5. 5. The second most widespread religion in the world.

6. 6. He is said to be the seal of prophets.

7. 7. It is the Arabic word for God.

8. 8. This is the sacred text of Islam.

9. 9. This term refers to the verses of the Qur’an.

10. 10. This term refers to the chapters of the Qur’an.

16
 Practice Task #2 Analogy

Instructions: Analyze the relationship of the first pair; then, supply the missing word/s in the second
pair. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. Christianity ? Islam Qur’an

2. Salat Prayer ? Charity
3. ? The Sacred Month Rabi al-Awai The Spring
4. Shi’ites ? Sunnis Abu Bakr
5. Church Christianity ? Islam

Practice Task #3 Essay

Instructions: Choose one question below. Then, answer it by writing a three-paragraph essay with not
less than five sentences per paragraph. Write your answer in your notebook. Refer to the rubric below
on how you will be graded.

• In what way does Islam similar to Christianity?

• How do the Five Pillars of Islam give a sense of unity and structure to the religion as followed
by all Muslims worldwide?
• How do you think global terrorism affected Islam as a religion in the eyes of the world? What
negative effects do they have on innocent Muslims in their everyday lives?

Rubrics:

Points Content Organization Development Use of Language

5 Answer is appropriate to Clear sense of order. Develops each point Uses technical terms
the question. Begins with a topic with may specific appropriately and
Content is factually sentence. Supporting details. Answers correctly. No major
correct. points are presented in a question completely. grammatical or spelling
logical progression. errors.
4 Answer is appropriate to May lack a topic Each point supported Accurate word choice.
the question. Content sentence, but points are with some details and No more than 2 major
may have one or two presented in a logical evidence. All important errors and a few minor
factual errors. progression. points included. errors.
3 Content somehow relates Logic of argument is Details or evidence are Ordinary word choice;
to the question; contains minimally perceivable. scattered. Question only use of scientific
significant factual errors. Points presented in a partially answered. terminology avoided.
seemingly random Some serious errors (but
fashion, but all support they don’t impair
argument. communication).
2 Content is acceptable. Organization is Presentation of Word choice are
acceptable. statements are acceptable.
acceptable.
1 Content unrelated to Lacks clear Statements are Limited vocabulary;
question. organizational plan. unsupported by any errors impair
Reader is confused. detail or explanation. communication.
Repetitious, incoherent,
illogical development.

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 VII. Post Test

A. Multiple Choice

Instructions: Now that we are done with our lesson, let’s assess what you have learned. Read each
question or statement very carefully. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. In which text you will see the political and military achievement of Muhammad?
a. Qur’an c. Torah
b. Bible d. Hadith

2. Which statement is TRUE about the views on women in Islam?

a. Women are not required to wear modest apparel.
b. Women are allowed to have many spouse as much as they want.
c. Women are permitted to join the Friday public prayer with men.
d. Women are restricted with rights and deprived some with privileges.

3. Which statement below is FALSE about Islam?

a. It is the second largest world religion.
b. There are two major divisions of Islam.
c. Islam is the final revelation of the Abrahamic religion.
d. Islam means surrender to the will of the one God.

4. Your Muslim friend invited you to study some of their teachings and ask you to watch some video
clips. You've found out that their practices are not common for Christians. How would you react?
a. I will laugh at him because their practices are crazy.
b. I will ask him not to invite me anymore.
c. I will respect their practices so that he will respect mine.
d. I will ask him to convert into Christianity right away.

5. What is the reason behind the division of Islam?

a. There is a conflict about Prophet Muhammad’s successor.
b. Sunnis want Prophet Muhammad to stay as the leader even after his death.
c. Shi’ites want Abu Bakr to stay as the leader even after his death.
d. There is a conflict about the place where to conduct worship.

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B. Matching Type
Instructions: Match the description in column A to the word which it will fit from column B. Write
the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.

Column A Column B

_____1. Known as the start of the Islam Calendar A. Zakat

_____2. Annual wealth tax B. Qiblah

_____3. Direction of Mecca C. Imam Bukhari

_____4. Authored the Sahih al-Bukhari D. Shahada

_____5. Circling the Kaaba seven times in a E. Tawaf

counter-clockwise direction
F. Hijra

VIII. Assignment/Additional Task

A. Compare and Contrast

Instructions: Using the Venn diagram, compare and contrast the Shi’ite and Sunni. Give at least five
in each category. Write your answer in your notebook.

Shi’ite Sunnis

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B. Poster Making
Instructions: Make a collage that will show the awareness of Islamic culture. Use a long size bond
paper. Please be guided by the rubric below.

Rubrics:

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS POINTS

OBTAINED
Organization The concept was clearly and
creatively conveyed. 5
Content The illustrations were appropriate
to the theme. 5
Visual Presentation The idea was clearly presented
based on the pictures and words 5
used.
Creativity and The concept showed creativity 5
Originality and originality.

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 IX. Answer Key

Pre-Test Practice Task #3

1. D

2. D

3. D

4. C

5. A

Practice Task #1 Practice Task #1

Hajj Allah 1. Mosque 6. Muhammad

Qur’an Mecca 2. Sunni 7. Allah

Hadith Surah 3. Hajj 8. Qur’an

4. Islam 9. Surahs

5. Islam 10. Ayahs

Practice Task #2

Sacred Text: Qur’an, Hadith

Pillars: Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, Ramadan,

Hajj

Issues: Role of Women, Militancy and

Terrorism, Holy War, Migration

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 Practice Task #2 Post Test

Analogy (Multiple Choice)

1. Bible 1. D 2. D 3. D
4. C 5. A
2. Zakat
(Matching Type)
3. Muharram
1. F 2. A 3. B
4. Ali 4. C 5. E

5. Mosque

Practice Task #2

Differences
Practice Task #3
Shi’ite Sunni
*Muslims who taught *They think that
In what way does Islam similar to Christianity? that only members of caliphs don’t need to
They both believe in monetheistic God. They Muhammad’s family be related with
also have strong faith with what they believed in. could become caliphs Muhammad
How do the Five Pillars of Islam give a sense of *Smaller than Sunni *Biggest number of
unity and structure to the religion as followed by members
all Muslims worldwide? These pillars serve as *Do not believe that
their guide on their faith and made them edified. humans will see God * God will present
on Judgment Day himself on Judgment
How do you think global terrorism affected Islam Day
as a religion in the eyes of the world? What
negative effects do they have on innocent
Muslims in their everyday lives? The image of
Islam has been ruined by some terrorist groups
who happened to be Muslims. Sometimes
through stereotyping, they look all Muslims as Similarities
bad people. *Both Muslim groups
*Both accept the centrality of the Qur’an
*Both groups accept the Five Pillars
*Both believe in one God, and also believe in
angels, demons

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 References

Book Sources

Cornelio, J.S., Calano, MJ T., Sapitula, MV J.(2016). Introduction to World Religions and Belief
Systems (1st ed.) Rex Book Store

Ong J. A., Jose, MD dL.,(2016) Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems (1 st ed.) Vibal
Group Inc.

Online Sources

Rachel Ross,What Is Ramadan?, Live Science, May 16, 2018 https://www.livescience.com/61815-

what-is-ramadan.htmlDhu al-Hijjah, Islam Wiki. https://islam.wikia.org/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah
Sarah Pruitt, Islam's Sunni-Shia Divide, Explained, History.com, July 31, 2019
https://www.history.com/news/sunni-shia-divide-islam-muslim
Muhammad Biography, BBC, July 8, 2011. .https://www.biography.com/religious-figure/muhammad
What is Islam, Global Ministry. https://www.globalministries.org/mee_resources_what_is_islam
Hadith Collection, British Library. https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/hadith-collection
The Basics to Islam, University of Delaware. https://sites.udel.edu/msadelaware/six-major-beliefs-in-
islam/#:~:text=Belief%20in%20the%20Books%20of,Scrolls%20(given%20to%20Abraham).
The Five Pillars of Islam, The MET 150. https://www.metmuseum.org/learn/educators/curriculum-
resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-one/the-five-pillars-of-islam
Islamic Calendar and Festivals, CalendarLabs.com. https://www.calendarlabs.com/islamic-calendar/
Eid al-Adha, Britannica Encyclopedia.https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eid-al-Adha
Sunni Islam, Oxford Islamic Studies
Online.http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280
Shi’a Sect, Jewish Virtual Library. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/shi-a-islam

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 Online Sources of Images Used

Milind Sathye, “Hindu Gods”, The General Framework of Hinduism- II,July 23,2018,
http://indiafacts.org/the-general-framework-of-hinduism-ii/
Amiyah-Sarea Goshton, “Buddha”, Buddhism, November 12, 2019
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories
Richard Ostling, “Scroll”, A religion question and so much more: What is Judaism?, January
18,2020 https://www.getreligion.org/getreligion/2020/1/17/what-is-judaism
David Mislin,"Holy Bible", When Americans tried – and failed – to reunite Christianity,
November 8,2017 https://theconversation.com/when-americans-tried-and-failed-to-reunite-
christianity-86449
Karin Lehnardt, "Mosque", 99 Interesting Islam Facts, August 25, 2016,
https://www.factretriever.com/islam-facts
Jeremy Dean, "Confucious", How to Be Happy, Confucian Style, January 24, 2008,
https://www.spring.org.uk/2008/01/how-to-be-happy-confucian-style.php
Robert W. Woodruff, "Yin and Yang", Eastern Religions: Taoism /Daoism, June 11,2020
https://research.auctr.edu
Tiger Barb, "Fushimi Inari Shrine", Shintoism, 2020
https://www.worldreligions.com/shintoism
Damien AtHope,"Animism", The Emergence of Pre-Religion 300,000 years ago, with Pre-
Animism?, December 21, 2018. https://damienmarieathope.com/2018/12/the-emergence-of-
pre-religion-300000-years-ago-with-pre-animism/
Basit Mahmood, "Mecca", Incredible pictures from Mecca as 2,000,000 Muslims begin hajj
pilgrimage, August 9,2019 https://metro.co.uk/2019/08/09/incredible-pictures-mecca-
2000000-muslims-begin-hajj-pilgrimage-10543758/
Goleen Samari, "Islam Women",Islamophobia is a Public Health Issue, and It Should Be
Treated As Such,October 3,2016 https://news.utexas.edu/2016/10/03/islamophobia-is-a-
public-health-issue/
Asma Lamrabet, "Women in the Qur'an",Women in the Qur'an: An Emancipatory Reading
Paperback, May 24, 2016 https://www.amazon.com/Women-Quran-Emancipatory-Asma-
Lamrabet/dp/1847740820
Indus Scrolls, "Jihad", Jihad is not Terrorism? June 20, 2019 https://indusscrolls.com/jihad-
is-not-terrorism/
Stuart Winter, "Militants", Kenya bus terror: Islamic Jjihadists Single out & Shoot 28 just
Because They Weren't Muslim, November 22,2014
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/538773/Kenya-bus-horror-Islamic-terrorists-shoot-
dead-28-Christians

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Islamic Theology of Counter Terrorism, "Migration", Can Muslims Migrate to Non- Muslim
Countries?, March 12, 2019 https://itct.org.uk/archives/itct_article/can-muslims-migrate-to-
non-muslim-countries

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