MATH2021

Week 5 Lecture 2

The University of Sydney

2024 Semester 1
• Last time:
• Geometric interpretation of curl
• triple integrals over rectangular box

• Today:
• triple integrals over non-rectangular box
• change of variables for triple integrals
Triple integrals over non-rectangular volumes /solids

• Theorem: If f (x, y, z) is continuous on

R = {(x, y, z) 2 R3 | a  x  b, g1 (x)  y  g2 (x), h1 (x, y)  z  h2 (x, y)},

I
then

I
ZZZ Z b Z g2 (x) Z h2 (x,y)
f dV = f (x, y, z) dzdydx.
R a g1 (x) h1 (x,y)

h£
2- =L Hill
y ,

" 2- ^

É=É;
" " "

>
✗
↳
Geometric/physical meaning of triple integrals

RRR
• The volume of a solid R is given by 1 dV .
R

RRR
• If f is any quantity X per unit volume of something (e.g. density or cost), then f dV is the
V
total of quantity X over R.
ex Use a triple integral to find the volume of the tetrahedron with vertices (0, 0, 0),
(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1).

/ If I dv
,

R
✗+ y -1-2=1
where R is give by :

⇐ * .

↳ R= { 1×1,2-1 C- ! O E Z E l - ✗ -

Y
; ,

l ✗
O E Y E -

fY=
"

>
o E x E 1 , }
✗
⑤
y=O
i. Volume IR ) =
/ f) 111 dV

" "

=) | |
""

dz dy dx

0 0 0

"
y
"
"

| )
7=1 ✗
-
-

=
(2) 2=0
dy dx

O o
 ""

f! I dx
=
ll -
x -

y) M
.

' ""

=/ .
[Y -
xy -

E) 7=0
dx

"
I

§
Rmk :
✗ xp Try
= dx
2-
.
findiy the

volume

=⇐ "¥ .us ] !
using
. =
! iterated integrals
""
in
different order
.
④ Let R E 1123 be the inside
>
'

region the
cylinder × + Y E 1
,

below
above the
plane 2- = 0 and the
plane 2- -
✗ -

Y = to .

I =L -1
Calculate the volume of R .
,
-1
, 1)

It , is also
I
,
-

1)
"
normal to

✗
7- -7=10

|
I

nY 2- =/☐ + ✗
ty

to
✗ 2+42=-1
→
,
✗

: I OEFE I
D= disk E PI :
0<-0 EMT
 Volume IR )
/ f)
'

=
I dv
i
.

R
to,txty
D is disk

③§ )
,

the polar coordinates

= dz dA ,

DA = rdr do
°
D ✗ = rose
+ Him
my
1 lot rcoso Y =
rsiwd

=/ If °
dz ) rdrdo

O
O

= -
. .

= lot . IN
 "" "

f.
RE
dz
)dA
" '" H

=
If [z ] 2=0
µ
.

f)DAD
(1-1×+7)

µ );
"

= ( It rcosotrsino ) rdrdo
ex Let R be the region in R3 inside the top half of the solid unit ball such that z > 0 and /

x2 + y 2 + z 2  1. Find the volume of R.

It
É*
'
1
'
✗ + y E

A →
.

I
✗
O E Z E /1-+2-77
2T I J1J

i. Volume IR ) =) / § dz ) rdr do

o o o DA1R ,
o )
ex Let R be the region in R3 inside the top half of the solid unit ball such that z > 0 and
x2 + y 2 + z 2  1. Find the volume of R.

U-x
É .
OE2E

T.tk#i
- a- ✗ a-

✗ = -1 EYE 1
✗ = -

I Jtx→

.
'

.
Volume IR) =/ / | dz dx dy

+
-
°
DA4Y )
Change of variables for triple integrals

144W ) (×
, Y, 2- )
Theorem:
I
• Let g(u, v, w) : R3 ! R3 with g(R⇤ ) = R.

• Suppose
g(u, v, w) = x(u, v, w)i + y(u, v, w)j + z(u, v, w)k,
then the Jacobian matrix of the transformation g is defined by
I
0 @x @x1 I 1
É
&)
1
@x

=/
@u @v @w
B
Jg (u, v, w) = B @y @y @y
C
C .
I
@ @u @v @w A
I 1
@z @z @z
@u @v @w
I I
1

• for f : R ✓ R3 ! R integrable,
ZZZ ZZZ
f (x, y, z) dV = f (g(u, v, w)) |det Jg (u, v, w)| dudvdw
P R⇤
dTTÉv,w )
R

dry > it )
,
 r

Parallelepiped

ex Let P be a parallelepiped based at (0, 0, 0) and spanned by the vectors

"
a = (2, 1, 2), b = ( 1, 3, 0), c = (0, 1, 1).
ZZZ
Calculate (x + y + z) dV .
P

I
8- (↳ v. w ) = that v1 + WE ,
where

4 ,
V, w ) C- [ 0,1 ] ✗ [0,13×10,1]
.

uni ? )+vu , :o) way ,

÷ 8- '" " ↳ = +
R*
= ( 2h -
V
,
UT3V -1W ,
2h - w
)
I 7- I
 -4=1 ! ! ! )
÷

i
Ideo g) =/ -91
]
"
=
9

f) E4U-4HU
"

i. If } (✗ + y -17 ) dv =/ -134W) the -

w
)
) dudvdw

R °

•
0

= - - l

""
Cylindrical coordinates

• Corollary (cylindrical coordinates): If

R = {(x, y, z) 2 R3 | x = r cos ✓, y = r sin ✓, z = Mrt, (r, ✓, Rozt) 2 R⇤ },

- -
-
-

3
and f (x, y, z) : R ✓ R ! R is integrable, then
ZZZ ZZZ
f (x, y, z) dV = f (r cos ✓, r sin ✓,DOt) r drd✓dt.
WE
R R⇤

2-
h

" "↳ :

I #É / detJq /
show = t .

. ☒
 be
'

④ Let R C- the
region inside the
cylinder + Y E 1
,

below
above the
plane 2- = 0 and the
plane 2- -
✗ -

Y = to .

Calculate the volume of R .

Continue on
Friday in week 5
ex Use cylindrical coordinates to find the volume of a cone with height h and base radius a.

Continue on
Friday in week 5
Lecture summary

After today’s lecture, you should be able to:

• Apply change of variables formula for triple integrals.
• Compute triple integrals in Cartesian coordinates or cylindrical coordinates