Surge

IEC61000-4-5
Power Frequency
PMS

Magnetic Susceptibility
IEC61000-4-8
Dip/I

Dips / Interruption
Electromagnetic Simulation

IEC61000-4-11 & -29

EFT/B

Electrical Fast Transient

EMS

Burst
IEC61000-4-4
The Most Common EMC Tests and Related IEC Standards

Electrostatic Discharge
ESD

IEC61000-4-2
Electromagnetic Compatibility

Immunity to Conducted
CD

Disturbance
IEC61000-4-6 & -16
EMC

Immunity to
E-RF

Electromagnetic RF Field
IEC61000-4-3
Flicker
IEC61000-3-3
Electromagnetic Interference

Harmonic
EMI IEC61000-3-2
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CE
Conducted Emission
1

RE
Radiated Emission
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2 Surge

▪ Definition: High Voltage (several KV) Spikes (duration is hundreds of micro-seconds) on the Line

▪ Common Reason: Lightning Hitting Power Grid / Antenna (in general circuit inputs)

▪ Reference Standards:

• IEC 61000-4-5 (General)

• IEC 62052-11:2003 7.5.6 (for Metering Devices)

• EN 50470-1 7.4.9 (European Standard for Metering Devices)

• IEEE C62.41.1, 2 (Similar American Standard)

▪ Difference Between Surge and Burst:

• Burst is a repeated set of spikes (please see slides 3 and 6 for the test waveforms)

• Usually surge carries more energy than burst

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3 Surge Test; Based on IEC 62052-11:2003 7.5.6 (Refers to IEC 61000-4-5)

Applied Surge Waveform

Actual Test Time Photo

Surge Test Conditions

Wiring for the Test
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4 Surge Protection

Protection at the incoming side of Varistor (VDR) / MOV is the most For DC circuits like Antenna
an industrial switching power popular protection for surge. lines GDT (Gas Discharge
supply connected to regular outlet VDR has higher capacitance Tube) is preferred as surge
than GDT protection
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5 Electrical Fast Transient (EFT) /Burst

▪ Definition: High Voltage Repeated Spikes on the Line

▪ Common Reason: Switching Phenomena (HV and MV Circuit Breakers, ….) Caused by Bouncing Contacts

▪ Reference Standards:

• IEC 61000-4-4 (General)

• IEC 62052-11:2003 7.5.4 (for Metering Devices)

• EN 50470-1 7.4.7 (European Standard for Metering Devices)

When a mechanical switch opens/closes, contacts bounce which results in

generation of transients on Electrical lines
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6 Burst Test; Based on IEC 62052-11:2003 7.5.4 (Refers to IEC 61000-4-4)

Wiring of EUT (Equipment Under Test) for the test is

Actual Test Time Photo

similar to wiring in Surge Test

Applied Surge Waveform

Surge Test Conditions
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7 Transient Protection

TVS (Transient Voltage Suppression Diodes) is the most common way to protect circuits against
transients.

TVS in comparison to VDR (Varistors):

• Are much faster so they can protect circuits against high frequency high speed transients

• Can absorb less energy

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8 Transients Types

Transients are high speed high

amplitude spikes that occur in a
very small-time frame (Often
milliseconds, micro, nano
seconds range).

Transient voltages differ from

swells by being larger in
magnitude and shorter in
duration.