2022-

23

A PROJECT REPORT
ON
“BUILD A CIRCUIT TO TEST 7
SEGMENT DISPLAY”

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 A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

Subject : Digital Techniques [22320]

SUBMITTED BY:

Lad Abhay Vinodkumar [107]

Lakare Rohit Ravindra [108]
Mahanor Shubham Chandrakant [115]
Rajput Pruthvi Gorakh [141]

Guided by Mrs.V.G.Wattamwar

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY,

SANJIVANI K.B.P POLYTECHNIC,
KOPARGAON
(2022-2023)

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 Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s
SANJIVANI K. B. P. POLYTECHNIC,
KOPARGAON

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled

SUBMITTED BY :
Lad Abhay Vinodkumar [107]
Lakare Rohit Ravindra [108]
Mahanor Shubham Chandrakant [115]
Rajput Pruthvi Gorakh [141]

Under our supervision and guidance for partial fulfillment of the requirement for
Diploma in Computer Technology affiliated to
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
For academic year
2021-2022

Project Guide H.O.D

Mrs.V.G.Wattamwar Prof.G.N.Jorvekar

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 Sanjivani K.B.P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon

EXAMINERS CERTIFICATE

Submitted by
Lad Abhay Vinodkumar [107]
Lakare Rohit Ravindra [108]
Mahanor Shubham Chandrakant [115]
Rajput Pruthvi Gorakh [141]

Mrs.V.G.Wattamwar Prof.G.N.Jorvekar
(Project Guide) (H.O.D)

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 *** INDEX***

Sr.No Title Page no

1. Acknowledgement 6
2. Introduction-What is 7 segment display 7
3. Types of 7 Segment Display 8
Information about Common Cathode and
4. 9
Common Anode
❖ Driving 7 Segment Display
5. ❖ Parts and Materials Required to implement 7 10
Segment Display
6. Working of 7 Segment Display 11

❖ Applications of 7 Segment Display

7. ❖ Advantages of 7 Segment Display 12
❖ Circuit of 7 Segment Display

8. Conclusion& References 13

✧༝┉┉┉┉┉˚*❋ ❋ ❋*˚┉┉┉┉┉༝✧

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and the foremost We , express our deep sense of gratitude, sincere
thanks and deep sense of appreciation to Project Guide Mrs.V.G.Wattamwar
, Department of Computer Technology, Sanjivani K.B.P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon.
Your availability at any time throughout the year, valuable guidance, opinion, view,
comments, critics, encouragement, and support tremendously boosted this project
work.
Lots of thanks to Head, Computer Technology Department, Prof.
G.N.JORVEKAR for providing us the best support we ever had. We like to express
our sincere gratitude to Prof.A.R.MIRIKAR, Principal, Sanjivani K. B. P.
Polytechnic, Kopargaon for providing a great platform to complete the project within
the scheduled time.
We are also Thankful to all the faculty members, Computer
Technology Department, Sanjivani K. B. P. Polytechnic, Kopargaon for giving
comments for improvement of work, encouragement and help during completion of
the Project. Last but not the least; We should say thanks from my bottom of heart to
our Family & Friends for their never ending love, help, and support in so many ways
through all this time. Thank you so much.

Lad Abhay Vinodkumar [107]

Lakare Rohit Ravindra [108]
Mahanor Shubham Chandrakant [115]
Rajput Pruthvi Gorakh [141]
Diploma in Computer Technology.
Saniivani K.B.P. Polytechnic,
Kopargaon.

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 INTRODUCTION- WHAT IS 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
The 7-segment display, also written as “seven segment display”, consists of seven
LEDs (hence its name) arranged in a rectangular fashion as shown. Each of the seven
LEDs is called a segment because when illuminated the segment forms part of a
numerical digit (both Decimal and Hex) to be displayed. An additional 8th LED is
sometimes used within the same package thus allowing the indication of a decimal
point, (DP) when two or more 7-segment displays are connected together to display
numbers greater than ten.
Each one of the seven LEDs in the display is given a positional segment with one
of its connection pins being brought straight out of the rectangular plastic package.
These individually LED pins are labelled from a through to g representing each
individual LED. The other LED pins are connected together and wired to form a
common pin.

So by forward biasing the appropriate pins of the LED segments in a particular

order, some segments will be light and others will be dark allowing the desired
character pattern of the number to be generated on the display. This then allows us
to display each of the ten decimal digits 0 through to 9 on the same 7-segment
display.

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TYPES OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
The displays common pin is generally used to identify which type of 7-segment
display it is. As each LED has two connecting pins, one called the “Anode” and the
other called the “Cathode”, there are therefore two types of LED 7-segment display
called: Common Cathode (CC) and Common Anode (CA).
The difference between the two displays, as their name suggests, is that the common
cathode has all the cathodes of the 7-segments connected directly together and the
common anode has all the anodes of the 7-segments connected together and is
illuminated as follows.
1. The Common Cathode (CC) – In the common cathode display, all the cathode
connections of the LED segments are joined together to logic “0” or ground. The
individual segments are illuminated by application of a “HIGH”, or logic “1” signal
via a current limiting resistor to forward bias the individual Anode terminals (a-g).

2. The Common Anode (CA) – In the common anode display, all the anode
connections of the LED segments are joined together to logic “1”. The individual
segments are illuminated by applying a ground, logic “0” or “LOW” signal via a
suitable current limiting resistor to the Cathode of the particular segment (a-g).

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INFORMATION ABOUT COMMON CATHODE AND COMMON ANODE
DISPLAY
In general, common anode displays are more popular as many logic circuits can sink
more current than they can source. Also note that a common cathode display is not a
direct replacement in a circuit for a common anode display and vice versa, as it is the
same as connecting the LEDs in reverse, and hence light emission will not take place.
Depending upon the decimal digit to be displayed, the particular set of LEDs is
forward biased. For instance, to display the numerical digit 0, we will need to light up
six of the LED segments corresponding to a, b, c, d, e and f. Thus the various digits
from 0 through 9 can be displayed using a 7-segment display as shown.

7-Segment Display Segments for all Numbers.

7-Segment Display Truth Table

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 DRIVING 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
Although a 7-segment display can be thought of as a single display, it is still seven
individual LEDs within a single package and as such these LEDs need protection
from over current. LEDs produce light only when it is forward biased with the
amount of light emitted being proportional to the forward current.
This means then that an LEDs light intensity increases in an approximately linear
manner with an increasing current. So this forward current must be controlled and
limited to a safe value by an external resistor to prevent damage to the LED
segments.
The forward voltage drop across a red LED segment is very low at about 2-to-2.2
volts, (blue and white LEDs can be as high as 3.6 volts) so to illuminate correctly,
the LED segments should be connected to a voltage source in excess of this
forward voltage value with a series resistance used to limit the forward current to a
desirable value.
Typically for a standard red coloured 7-segment display, each LED segment can
draw about 15 mA to illuminated correctly, so on a 5 volt digital logic circuit, the
value of the current limiting resistor would be about 200Ω (5v – 2v)/15mA, or
220Ω to the nearest higher preferred value.

PARTS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT 7 SEGMENT

DISPLAY
1. 4511 BCD-to-7seg latch/decoder/driver (Radio Shack catalog # 900-4437)
2. Common-cathode 7-segment LED display (Radio Shack catalog # 276-075)
3. Eight-position DIP switch (Radio Shack catalog # 275-1301)
4. Four 10 kΩ resistors.
5. Seven 470 Ω resistors.
6. One 6 volt battery.

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 WORKING OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

In this example, the segments of a common anode display are illuminated using the
switches. If switch a is closed, current will flow through the “a” segment of the LED
to the current limiting resistor connected to pin a and to 0 volts, making the circuit.
Then only segment a will be illuminated. So a LOW condition (switch to ground) is
required to activate the LED segments on this common anode display.
But suppose we want the decimal number “4” to illuminate on the display. Then
switches b, c, f and g would be closed to light the corresponding LED segments.
Likewise for a decimal number “7”, switches a, b, c would be closed. But illuminating
7-segment displays using individual switches is not very practical.
7-segment Displays are usually driven by a special type of integrated circuit (IC)
commonly known as a 7-segment decoder/driver, such as the CMOS 4511. This 7-
segment display driver which is known as a Binary Coded Decimal or BCD to 7-
segment display decoder and driver, is able to illuminate both common anode or
common cathode displays. But there are many other single and dual display drivers
available such as the very popular TTL 7447.
This BCD-to-7 segment decoder/driver takes a four-bit BCD input labelled A, B,
C and D for the digits of the binary weighting of 1, 2, 4 and 8 respectively, has seven
outputs that will pass current through the appropriate segments to display the decimal
digit of the numeric LED display.
The digital outputs of the CD4511 are different from the usual CMOS outputs because
they can provide up to 25mA of current each to drive the LED segments directly
allowing different coloured LED displays to be used and driven.

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 APPLICATIONS OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
• The applications of seven segments are mostly in digital calculators, electronic
meters, digital clocks, odometers, digital clocks, clock radios, etc.
• Today most of the 7 segment applications are using LCDs, because of low current
consumption.
Common applications of seven segment displays are in:
1. Digital clocks
2. Clock radios
3. Calculators
4. Wristwatchers
5. Speedometers
6. Motor-vehicle odometers
7. Radio frequency indicators

ADVANTAGES OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

1.Loss Cost
2.Easy to use
3.Good Efficiency
4.Simple to use

CIRCUIT OF 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

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CONCLUSION
It was a great experience to design and implement “7 Segment Display” by
using Digital Techniques.While working on this project,We have learned many
things especially how to apply the concepts of Digital Techniques in our real world
We have understood the concept of 7 segment display ,By doing this project
we have also learned the types of 7 Segment LED Display that is Common
Cathode and Common Anode.We have also learned the various applications of 7
segment display which we are using in our daily life.
This project played a major role in our life because we have came across
through various applications of Digital Techniques’ which we all of us are using
in this modern world. This project will definitely help us in our future to deal with
thevarious functions and applications of computer graphics.

REFERENCES
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/blog/7-segment-display-tutorial.html
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/experiments/chpt-7/7-segment-
display/

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