GROUP 2

ARTS AND
HUMANITIES
ALL
ABOUT
MUSIC
Prepared By:
GROUP 2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 ELEMENTS
Poquita
03 MEDIUM
Macinas

02 04
KINDS HISTORY
Poquita Begasa
 DEFINITION
Music is the art of combining sounds of varying
pitch to produce a coherent composition that is
melodious, harmonious, intelligible, and expressive
of ideas and emotions.
The word derives from the Greek word "mousike"
which means "Art of Muses"
 01
ELEMENTS
Reported by:
POQUITA
ELEMENTS The specific tone or quality that a certain
instrument or voice has. It is also known
as tone color or tone quality, so if you see
these terms being used instead, just know
they all mean the same thing. It is
essentially what allows people to hear the
difference between two separate
instruments or voices, even when they are

TIMBRE playing or singing the same note. It is

what makes one instrument or voice
sound different from another, even when
playing the same note or pitch.
 ELEMENTS
The succession of musical sounds or tones in
an orderly manner.A melody is a sequence of
single pitches that make a musical phrase.
Essentially, melody is like the sweet icing on the
cake of music. It’s the part you hum along to,
the tune that sticks in your head.

It’s usually the most straight part of music

because it’s the main tune or theme that

MELODY
everyone knows. Most melodies are made up of
several musical phrases. Each phrase comprises
a set of notes that make up a musical idea
together.
ELEMENTS Harmony, in music, consists of two or
more notes being heard in unison and
usually have a pleasing effect on the
listener. These notes can be played by
an instrument or sung by someone,
which makes up a sequence. In music
and musical compositions, harmony will
deal with the "vertical" aspects of

HARMONY music, such as the two or more notes

(also referred to as a dyad) or multiple
chords, which are three or more notes
being played at the same time.
 ELEMENTS
In music, pitch refers to the frequency of
vibrations produced by an instrument.
Sound waves that produce quick vibration
frequencies generate high-pitched
sounds. If the vibrations slow down, the
sound waves become further apart.
Accordingly, the frequency slows down
and a lower pitch is produced. Pitch is how
our ears pick up on these frequencies. We
can also distinguish between high and low
pitch, depending on the speed and PITCH
repetition of the waves.
ELEMENTS Dynamics in music is used to define or
describe the volume and the intensity of
the music. There are different terms and
symbols that are used to tell the
dynamics of a particular time and piece.
This eliminates the need for saying a
particular part of the music is “loud” or
“quiet”.

DYNAMIC Ranges:
very soft (pianissimo) soft (piano)
very loud (fortissimo) loud (forte)
ELEMENTS Tempo in music is the speed or
pace of a song. It is measured in
beats per minute (BPM). Tempo
is an essential element of music
because it sets the mood and
energy of the song. It can make a
song sound upbeat, energetic, or
slow and mellow.

TEMPO
02
KINDS
Reported by:
POQUITA
KINDS OF MUSIC

JAZZ METAL BLUES

A music genre that originated from Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a originated in African-American
African-American communities of genre of rock music that communities in the “Deep South”
New Orleans in the United States developed in the late 1960s and around the 19th century. It
during the late 19th and early 20th early 1970s, largely in the United developed from African-American
centuries. Kingdom and the United States. work songs combined with
European-American folk music.
KINDS OF MUSIC

CLASSICAL COUNTRY LATIN

Classical music is rooted in the Country music is a genre of Latin American music also
traditions of Western music, religious American popular music that incorporates African music from
and secular music. originated in the Southern United slaves who were transported to the
States in the 1920s. It takes its Americas by European settlers as
roots from the southeastern genre well as music from the indigenous
of American folk music and peoples of the Americas.
Western music.
KINDS OF MUSIC

POP RNB INDIE ROCK

“Pop” is a term derived from “Popular” Originated in the 1940s, this Indie Rock originated in the 1980s
and thus Pop Music is known to be a African-American music is a and has gradually changed the
genre of popular music. With its roots combination of hip hop, funk, music industry. After a decade, it
in the rock & roll style, this form can dance, pop and soul also gave birth to a couple of
include any form of music ranging sun-genres in related styles such as
from urban and dance to rock, math rock, emo, noise pop, post
country and Latin. rock and lo-fi.
03
MEDIUM
Reported by:
MACINAS
MEDIUMS OF MUSIC

01 VOCAL MEDIUM
It is the most personal and
direct of all instruments as it
comes from within the body.

02 INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM
These are the different
instruments played by
musicians.
VOCAL MEDIUM

SOPRANO MEZZO SOPRANO ALTO

(HIGHEST) (MIDDLE) (LOWEST)
VOCAL MEDIUM

TENOR BARITONE BASS

(HIGHEST) (MIDDLE) (LOWEST)
INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM
01 STRINGS
String instruments, also called stringed instruments, provide the basic
orchestral sounds. They produce toned by means of vibration of a
stretched string.

PLUCKED STRING BOWED STRING

GUITAR LUTE VIOLIN CELLO

INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM
02 WIND
These instrument are blown by the player. The player alters the pitch of the notes by
shortening or lengthening the column of air vibrating inside the instrument. These
instrument are blown by the player. The player alters the pitch of the notes by shortening
or lengthening the column of air vibrating inside the instrument.

WOODWIND BRASS

FLUTE CLARINET TROMBONE TRUMPET

INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM
03 PERCUSSION
The percussion section comprises a variety of instruments that are made to sound by
hitting them with special sticks, or by striking or shaking their parts together.

DEFINITE PITCH INDEFINITE PITCH

MARIMBA GLOCKENSPIEL BASS DRUM MARACAS

INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM
04 KEYBOARD
These instruments are operated by means of a keyboard which consist of a series
of black and white keys. When a performer depresses a key, a tone sounds.

ACCORDION PIANO ORGAN CELESTA

ENSEMBLES MEDIUM
When two or more performers are equally engaged in playing or singing a piece of music,
the medium is called an ensemble (an sam’b’l )and the music is called ensemble music.

ORCHESTRA SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA CONCERTO

Any group of Large ensemble which A form written for orchestra
instrumentalist includes all the principal and usually one solo
instrumental types. instrument (piano, violin, etc) is
given a prominent role in
music.
ENSEMBLES MEDIUM

BAND RONDALLA CHAMBER ORCHESTRA

A band is a instrumental This is the best-known Chamber music is a medium
ensemble, large like the instrumental group in the which calls for calls for only a
orchestra but consisting Philippines today. It is a band few performer (from two to
mainly exclusively of wind made up of stringed about eight or nine
and percussion outdoor instruments instruments) with one player
events instruments. to each part.
04
HISTORY
Reported by:
BEGASA
HISTORICAL PERIODS

MIDDLE AGES RENAISSANCE BAROQUE

500 - 1400 1400 - 1600 1600 - 1760

The middle ages saw the Mostly polyphonic church music. A period of great operatic works,
invention of plainsong and Harmonics and instrumental the first true opera written by
polyphony, the musical scale by music emerged along with Monteverdi, 1607. Naples later
Pope Gregory I (540-604) and national styles in open-air became the centre of operatic
a system of writing music by pageants and theatre. development.
Guido d'Arezzo (980-1050).
HISTORICAL PERIODS

CLASSICAL ROMANTIC 20TH CENTURY

1730 - 1820 1815 - 1910 1900 - PRESENT

The symphony is symbolic of A break away from formal The birth of popular music (pop)
the classical style. Early composition. Great symphonies is said to have began in the fifties
symphonies were relatively and concertos and the height of with rock and roll, a style derived
short but later composers the piano virtuoso. Opera had less from rhythm and blues and aimed
produced long and very set pieces and became more directly at the young. Such is the
complex pieces. Church music continuous. Beginnings of the variety of popular music it is now
became less popular, string blues and musicals in the late 19th almost impossible to categorize
quartets more popular and Century. all of its forms.
opera less serious.
THIS IS OUR
ARTIST
ANTONIO R. BUENAVENTURA
National Artist for Music (1988)
❏ He pursued a musical career
that spanned seven decades of
unwavering commitment to
advancing the frontiers of
Philippine music.
❏ He was also a conductor and
restored the Philippine Army Band
to its former prestige as one of
the finest military bands in the
world making it “the only band
that can sound like a symphony
orchestra”
NOTABLE COMPOSITION:
● “Triumphal March”
● “Echoes of the Past”
● “History Fantasy”
● “Echoes from the Philippines”
● “Ode to Freedom”
LUCRESIA R. KASILAG
National Artist for Music (1989)
❏ She’s an educator, composer,
performing artist, administrator and
cultural entrepreneur of national and
international caliber, had involved herself
wholly in sharpening the Filipino
audience’s appreciation of music.

❏ Kasilag’s pioneering task to discover

the Filipino roots through ethnic music
and fusing it with Western influences
has led many Filipino composers to
experiment with such an approach.

NOTABLE COMPOSITION:
● Legend of the Sarimanok
● Ang Pamana
● Ugma-ugma(1963)
● Pagsamba (1968)
ANTONIO J. MOLINA
National Artist for Music (1973)
❏ He’s a versatile musician, composer,
music educator was the last of the
musical triumvirate, two of whom were
Nicanor Abelardo and Francisco Santiago,
who elevated music beyond the realm of
folk music.
❏ At an early age, he took to playing the
violoncello and played it so well it did
not take long before he was playing as
orchestra soloist for the Manila Grand
Opera House.
NOTABLE COMPOSITION:
● Misa Antoniana Grand Festival Mass
(1964)
● Ang Batingaw (1972)
● Romanz for cello and piano (1928)
● Bontok Rhapsody
ALL
ABOUT
DANCE
Prepared By:
GROUP 2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 HISTORY
Torio
03 KINDS
Angeles

02 ELEMENTS
Torio
 DEFINITION
Dance involves a successive group of emotions and
steps rhythmically performed and timed to music.

It use to express an idea or emotion, to narrate a

story or simple to enjoy and take pleasure in the
movement itself.
01
HISTORY
Reported by:
TORIO
ORIGIN OF THE DANCE
In biblical dances, the Old testament
attest Mirian-sister of Moses, led the
women in a dance of joy after the
Israelites escaped from Egypt. King
David danced before the “Art of the
Convenant to express thanksgiving
Psalm 149 says, “Let them praise His
name in the dance”
 BRIEF HISTORY OF DANCE
It was only during the
pre-Christian era that real
As a means of religious expression
knowledge of dance came
about within the great
Mediterranean and Middle
Eastern civilizations.

It was reflected in their

wall paintings, reliefs, and
in the literary record in
hieroglyphs.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF DANCE
Ancient Greeks believed
that a man’s grace in
As an aid to military education
dance equaled his
prowess in battle,
therefore dance was
incorporated in their
basic education

Dancing was taught as an

aid to military education
among boys in Athens and
Sparta.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF DANCE
Way of expressing tribal unity

As an approach for courtship

02
ELEMENTS
Reported by:
TORIO
ELEMENTS OF THE DANCE
● It is closely related to dance for it plays a significant role in
MUSIC it. It is used as accompaniment that somehow motivates
the dancer’s movement

● Skill in executing movement. As a dancer, one needs to have

TECHNIQUE a complete control over the muscles if his body for him to be
said technically proficient.

● Worn at any stage of history related closely to the

COSTUMES customs, beliefs, and environment of the people.
ELEMENTS OF THE DANCE
● One of the important elements of dance. It is the
THEME main ingredient of the dance where conveys the
message of the dance.

● Refers to the arrangement of movements according to

DESIGN pattern in time (either fast or slow) and space (one’s
position in relation to his background)

● Action of dancers as they use their body to create

MOVEMENT organized patterns
03
KINDS
Reported by:
ANGELES
ETHNOLOGICAL DANCE
➔ Dance which is native to specific race or ethnic group. The term ethnic is used to
distinguish religious dances, and designed as hymns of praise to a God, or to bring on
good fortune in peace and war.

FOLK DANCE ➢ Usually derived from ethnic dances. People all over the world have their own
folk dances as distinct to their specific culture.

TINIKLING SINGKIL
SOCIAL DANCE
➔ Popular type of dancing for pleasure generally performed by pairs or
group of people following a definite step or pattern.

BALLROOM ➢ It actually originated as square dance and performed by pairs.

CHA-CHA FOX TROT SWING

TANGO WALTZ BOOGIE

THEATRICAL OR SPECTACULAR
➔ This type of dance is so called spectacular because it is performed for the entertainment
of spectators.

BALLET MODERN DANCE

A series of solo and Characterized as natural and
concerted dances in which free. Also called expressional
poses and steps are dance.
combined with light flowing
figures.
THIS IS OUR
ARTIST
Francisca Reyes-Aquino
National Artist for Dance (1973)
❏ Considered the mother of
Filipino folk dance. Born in
Bocaue, Bulacan, Reyes-Aquino
graduated with a BS Education
degree from the University of
the Philippines.
❏ In 1921 during the Manila Fiesta
Carnival, Reyes-Aquino, who was a
student assistant for Physical
Education, presented 4 dances –
cariñosa, abaruray, salabat, and
areuana.
BOOKS:
● Philippine Folk Dances and Games (1927)
● Philippine National Dances (1946)
● Philippine Folk Dances in 6 volumes
(1951-1979)
● Rhythmic Activities (1952)
● Philippine Folk Dances and Songs as
co-author in 1966
Ramon Obusan
National Artist for Dance (2006)
❏ A dancer, choreographer, stage designer,
and artistic director. He achieved
phenomenal success in Philippine dance
and cultural work. He was also
acknowledged as a researcher, archivist
and documentary filmmaker who
broadened and deepened the Filipino
understanding of his own cultural life and
expressions. Through the Ramon Obusan
Folkloric Group (ROFG), he had effected
cultural and diplomatic exchanges using
the multifarious aspects and dimensions
of the art of dance.

CHOREOGRAPHED:
● “Vamos a Belen! Series” (1998-2004)
● “Noon Po sa Amin,” tableaux of Philippine
History in song, drama and dance
● “Water, Fire and Life, Philippine Dances
and Music–A Celebration of Life"
THANKS!
PREPARED BY: GROUP 2
SOTTO, MCKIM
MACINAS, FRANCINE TORIO, ALEXANDRE
BEGASA, ZYRA POQUITA, YHENETH
ANGELES, DANNY BEATO, JAMAICA