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IB Chemistry Unit 7 SL/HL

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19 views

IB Chemistry Unit 7 SL/HL

Uploaded by

fujiiriku0203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IB Chemistry Unit 7 SL/HL

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3ekd3s

1. Equilibrium in a closed Rates of forward reaction and backward reaction


system are equal.

2. Equilibrium constant (K) Indicates the extent of the reaction, NOT the rate,
and is temperature dependent

large k >>1 = more products


small k <<1 = more reactants

3. 5 main features of equi- 1. Equilibrium is dynamic: both fwd and bwd rxns
librium are still occurring
2. Equilibrium is achieved in a closed system:
reactants and products are not influenced by ex-
ternal factors and can still react and recombine
with each other
3. The concentration of reactants is constant at
equilibrium: they are produced and destroyed at
a constant rate.
4. No change in macroscopic properties: color or
density do not depend on the concentration
5. Equilibrium is direction independent:

4. Reaction Quotient Q A measure of the relative amounts of reactants


and products present in a rxn at a particular time.
It is used to test for equilibrium.

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IB Chemistry Unit 7 SL/HL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3ekd3s

5. K for an inverse reaction 1/K

6. K for a multiple of a reac- K ^ x


tion

7. Adding K of two reac- Ka X Kb


tions

8. Le Chatelier's Principle When a system in equilibrium is subjected to


change, it will respond in a way to minimise the
change.

9. Increase in pressure Favors the side of an equilibrium reaction that has


the smaller number of gas molecules

10. Increase in temperature Causes an increase in K for an endothermic reac-


tion and decrease in K for an exothermic reaction.

Temperature effects K because it actually


changes the rate of the reaction.

11. Addition of catalyst No effect on K as it lowers the activation energy


by the same amount for the forward and backward
reactions

*They do enable equilibrium to be achieved quick-


ly

12. Relationship between THEY ARE RELATED!!


change in concentration
before and after equilibri- A+2B >< C + 3D
um and moles of reactant if the change for A is x, the change for B is 2x

13. In ICE charts, when can When K < 10^-3


the change in concentra-
tion of a reactant be dis-
regarded?

14.
2/3
IB Chemistry Unit 7 SL/HL
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3ekd3s
Relationship between Position of equilibrium corresponds to a minimum
free energy and equil value of free energy

-G = spontaneous = rxn goes forward (more prod-


ucts)
+G = rxn goes backward (more reactants)
G=0; K=1 ; good amounts of both react and prod.

Since G rxn = Gprod-Greact,


G = 0 = at equilibrium (Gprod = Greact)

15. Relationship between en- Position of equilibrium corresponds to a maxi-


tropy and equil mum value of entropy

16. What quality determines The sign and value of Gibbs free energy
K for each reaction?

17. Relationship btw equilib- Equilibrium: rate of forward reaction = rate of


rium and kinetics backward reaction

Single elementary step reaction: A+B --> C + D


So, K = k/k' = [C][D]/[A][B]

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