Level 4 - GW - 05a

Life Level 4 Unit 5a
Modal verbs (1)
You must use a cap

and goggles.
You have to take a shower
before you enter the pool.
Do I have to use flip-flops?
You mustn’t drink in the

pool. You can’t eat either.
Yes, you do!
You should be careful at the

side of the pool. Are we allowed to dive?
No, you aren’t!
Presentation
Use modal verbs like must, can, and should with the TIP must and have to have very similar meanings. We
infinitive without to: often use have to when speaking, and in more formal
You must to use a cap and goggles. writing we often use must. Note that mustn’t and
don’t have to have different meanings:
Use the same form for all persons (I, you, he, she, it, we, they):
He must use a cap and goggles. You mustn’t wear a cap. (= Do not do it!)
Do not use the auxiliary verbs do and does in questions You don’t have to wear a cap. (= It isn’t necessary.)
and negatives:
Prohibition and permission
You don’t mustn’t drink or eat in the pool.
Use mustn’t to talk about prohibition:
The verbs have to and be allowed to have similar meanings
You mustn’t drink or eat in the pool.
to modal verbs, but they change their form like non-
Use can and allowed to to talk about permission:
modal verbs:
Do I have to wear flip-flops? You can eat food in the café.
You aren’t allowed to dive. You’re allowed to eat food in the café.
Use can’t (cannot) and not allowed to to talk about not
Obligation
having permission:
Use have to and must to talk about obligation:
You can’t dive into the pool.
You have to / must take a shower before swimming.
You’re not allowed to dive into the pool.
Use don’t have to to talk about no obligation:
You don’t have to go swimming today. Advice and recommendations
We normally ask questions about oligation with have to Use should/shouldn’t to give advice and
(not must). recommendations.
Do I have to use goggles? You should be careful at the side of the pool.
Use have to to talk about obligation in the past (Note there
is no past form of must):
When I was a child I had to go swimming twice a week.
1 © National Geographic Learning

Level 4 Unit 5a
Exercises
Exercises
1 Read the text about strange laws. Complete the text with the verbs.
can’t must allowed mustn’t had have
The world's strangest laws

1 You .c..a..n..’..t. play golf on the streets of New York.
2 In Miami, you mustn’t skateboard in a police station.
3 In the UK, you are not allowed to die in the Houses of
Parliament.
4 In Russia in the seventeenth century, you had to pay tax
to grow a beard.
5 In London, you don’t have to pay to take sheep across
London Bridge.
6 In the US state of Kentucky, the law says everyone have to
take a bath at least once a year.
The Houses of Parliament, London
2 Choose the correct option.

1 You must / can wear black pants and a black shirt for this job. It’s obligatory.
2 Do I must / have to drive on the left or the right?
3 I mustn’t / don’t have to go to school today because I don’t have any classes.
4 It’s a rule that everyone has to / is allowed to take a shower before swimming.
5 That sign says “no parking.”You can’t / don’t have to park here.
6 Junk food is bad for you. You can / should eat more vegetables.
7 Children have to / aren’t allowed to enter the pool without an adult.
8 Students shouldn’t / mustn’t talk in the library. The rule says “silence at all times.”
3 Rewrite the sentence with the same meaning, using the verb in bold.
1 We can stay up late tonight. allowed
We’re allowed to stay up late tonight.
2 When I was a child, it was the rule to wear a school uniform. had
When I was a child, I had to wear a school uniform.
3 Be careful about driving so quickly on this road. shouldn’t
You shouldn’t drive quickly on this road.
4 I’m going to be late, so it isn’t necessary to wait for me. have
I’m going to be late, so you don’t have to wait for me.
5 Billy isn’t allowed to watch this TV show. can’t
Billy can’t watch this TV show.
6 You are prohibited from walking on the grass. mustn’t
You mustn’t walk on the grass.
2 © National Geographic Learning

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Life Level 4 Unit 5a

Modal verbs (1)

You must use a cap

Do I have to use flip-flops?

You mustn’t drink in the

You should be careful at the

No, you aren’t!

1 © National Geographic Learning

can’t must allowed mustn’t had have

The world's strangest laws

The Houses of Parliament, London

2 Choose the correct option.

2 © National Geographic Learning

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