R epublic of the P hilippines

D epartment of E ducation
N a t i o n a l C a pi t a l Re g i o n
Sc h o o l s D i v i s i o n O f f i c e o f La s Pi ñ a s C i t y

MAN
ANIMALS
PLANTS

SCIENCE 5
ENERGY
MATTER

WEATHER MOTION

MOON
ECOSYSTEM
STAR
EARTH

Science – Grade 5
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4– Module 1
First Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Jayson L. Novales, Estrella T. Mariveles, Jane D. Palmerola,
Roldan L. Vienes, Erlan Dusaban, Wilfredo M. Gagarin

Language Editor:

Content Evaluator: Dr. Raquel M. Austero

Illustrator: Jayson L. Novales, Estrella T. Mariveles, Jane D. Palmerola,

Roldan L. Vienes, Erlan Dusaban, Wilfredo M. Gagarin

Layout Artist: Aileen P. Nacario, Maria Dulce T. Terado

Management Team: Jennifer C. Tubello

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division of Las Piñas City

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 5

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Earth and Space

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

(This module adheres to the learning competencies of the K-12 Curriculum. This module
helps the learners understand the concept of weathering, describe how rocks turn into
soil, investigate the extent of soil erosion in the community by identifying the factors
affecting soil erosion and characterized weather disturbances in the Philippines and
describe their effects to daily life. This module is a useful learning material that provides
the learning objectives, pretest, lesson proper, enrichment activities, generalization,
application, assessment and additional activities.)

For the learner:

(This module is created to give meaningful learning about weathering, soil erosion and
different weather disturbances through clear and comprehensive discussions about the
concepts and through engaging and relevant activities. This module also allows the
learners to reflect and apply what they have learned on what processes shape the
earth’s surface and what causes weather disturbances.)
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written as a learning guide. The lessons per
quarter are all presented to achieve proficiency in the domains of learning. With this
module, all activities are carefully chosen to tailor fit the interest of learners and instill in
them the sense of diversity and sensitivity. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. This module provides discussions and activities that
will help you learn the concepts, ideas, and relevant information about the lesson.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1- The Process on How Rocks Turn into Soil

 Lesson 2- Soil Erosion
 Lesson 3- Weather Disturbances in the Philippines
 Lesson 4- The Effects of a Typhoon on the Community

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe how rocks turn into soil;
2. investigate the extent of soil erosion in the community and its effects on living
things and the environment;
3. characterized weather disturbances in the Philippines and describe their effects to
daily life;
4. describe the effects of a typhoon on the community.
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. It is the breaking down of rocks into fragments?

A. erosion
B. flooding
C. weathering
D. runoff

2. What is soil erosion?

A. The removal of grass is called soil erosion
B. The removal of water from the soil erosion
C. The washing or blowing away of the soil {by wind or water} of the top layer of
the soil.
D. The removal of soil by only water

3. It inflicts damage by picking up and launching tree branches.

A. Flood
B. Wind
C. Soil erosion
D. All of the above

4. Typhoon destroy ____________ in coastal areas.

A. Life
B. Property
C. Living things
D. All of the above
 Lesson
The Process on How Rocks Turn
1 into Soil
As you go through this lesson, you are expected to:

 describe the process on how rocks turn into soil; (S5ES-IVa-1.1)

 compare the chemical and mechanical weathering; (S5ES-IVa-1.2)
 identify the agents of weathering (e.g. water, wind, people, animal, plants, sun);
(S5ES-IVa-1.3)
 explain how the action of wind, water and sun contribute to rock weathering;
(S5ES-IVa-1.4)
 infer that continuous weathering lead to soil formation; (S5ES-IVa-1.5)
 explain the effects of weathering in the environment and in living things. (S5ES-
IVa-1.6)

What’s In

In the last lesson, you learned about the characteristic and importance of rocks.
Can you still remember the different types of rocks? How about the characteristics of
rocks? Why are rocks important?
In this lessons, you will understand about on how rocks turn into soil. The land is
one of the most important things in our existence because this is the place where we live.
This is the place where we build our shelters, grow our foods and make for a living. Here,
we can find the soil that is essential in supporting plant life that is vital to life on earth. It is
the skin of the earth which is a complex mixture of minerals, water, air, organic matter
and countless organisms that are the decaying remains of once-living things.
Try to see if you can describe how rocks turn into soil. Happy learning!

Notes to the Teacher

Remind your students to be careful in handling
materials. Remind them that some materials require the
presence of an adult in using them.
 What’s New

Activity 1: Word Search!

Directions: Trace with your marker the correct word that is being described in each item
in the word box below. After tracing, write your answer in the blank opposite its
description.
1. The removal of rock in solution by acidic rainwater _____________________
2. The breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts.
_____________________
3. Weathering caused by activities of living organisms. _____________________
4. Weathering that is caused by acidic water. _____________________
5. The breakdown of rock by oxygen and water. _____________________

W E A T H E R I N G
A B P H Y S I C A L
B I O L O G I C A L
H Y D R O L Y S I S

L M N O P Q O R S T

U V C H E M I C A L

W O X I D A T I O N

F S O L U T I O N O

Activity 2: Let’s Compare!

Directions: Identify what is being described in each sentence. Write PW for physical
weathering and CW for chemical weathering on the blank.

_______1. This chemical process occurs more rapidly at higher temperature such as in
warm regions and damp climates.
_______2. This is caused by an acid rain water reacting with the mineral grains in rocks
to form new minerals such as clay and soluble salts.
_______3. Weathering happens when a rock is exposed to a changing temperature and
weather condition.
_______4. Weathering happens especially in places where there is little soil and few
plants grow, such as in mountain regions and hot deserts.
_______5. This type of weathering is the first stage in the production
of soils especially hydrolysis and oxidation.

Activity 3: Validate the Statements

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answer on the blank.

__________1. Wind cannot break the rock due to its hardness attribute.
__________2. Water is an element of nature that helps in the breaking down of
rocks in different part of the world.
__________3. When the rock is expose to the heat of the sun, its surface
becomes brittle.
__________4. The wind contributes in the shaping and reshaping of the earth’s
surface.
__________5. If the water, wind and sun are combined, it becomes easy for the
weathering to happen among the rocks.

What is It

The Earth is mainly composed of rocks. Rocks vary in sizes, shapes, and colors.
Though rocks seem to be very hard, dense, and indestructible, they still break. The
breaking of rocks into fragments is known as weathering.
Weathering is an important process that helps shape Earth’s surface. The
breaking of rocks results to soil formation and different landforms. This is also the
reason why we have amazing rock formations.
Weathering can either be mechanical, chemical or biological. Mechanical
weathering is the physical wearing away of rocks, while chemical weathering involves
a change in the composition of rocks as it breaks down into pieces. Biological
weathering caused by activities of living organisms.

1. Physical Weathering (Mechanical Weathering)

Weathering happens when a rock is exposed to a changing temperature and
weather condition. Sometimes the breaking down of rocks is enhanced if assisted by the
water. Physical weathering happens especially in places where there is little soil and few
plants grow, such as in mountain regions and hot deserts. Either through repeated
melting and freezing of water (mountains and tundra) or through expansion and
contraction of the surface layer of rocks that are baked by the sun (hot deserts).
A. Freeze-thaw occurs when water continually seeps into cracks, freezes
and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart.
B. Exfoliation occurs as cracks develop parallel to the land surface a
consequence of the reduction in pressure during uplift and erosion.
 Figure 1: Examples of Physical/Mechanical Weathering (Top-Bottom: Freeze-thaw and Exfoliation )

2. Chemical weathering
This is caused by acid rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new
minerals such as clay and soluble salts. It breaks down rocks by changing its chemical
composition. Example of this is when certain elements react with oxygen in the process
called oxidation. Rocks become oxides and their properties change. When these
elements are in minerals, oxidation cause the minerals to decompose or form new
minerals. As a result, both the physical and chemical composition of rocks change. This
chemical process occurs more rapidly at higher temperatures, so warm, damp climates
are best. Chemical weathering (especially hydrolysis and oxidation) is the first stage in
the production of soils.
a. Solution - removal of rock in solution by acidic rainwater. In particular,
limestone is weathered by rainwater containing dissolved CO2, (this process is
sometimes called carbonation).
b. Hydrolysis - the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and
soluble salts.
c. Oxidation - the breakdown of rock by oxygen and water, often giving iron-rich
rocks a rusty-colored weathered surface.

Figure 2: Examples of
Chemical Weathering (From
left, Right and Bottom:
Solution, Hydrolysis and
Oxidation in rocks.

3. Biological Weathering
It pertains to the activities of living organisms that contribute to the weathering
process
such as:
 a. The penetration of the roots of the trees in the joints or cracks of the rocks in
order to find moisture.
b. Many animals, such as these piddock shells, bore into rocks for protection
either by scraping away the grains or secreting acid to dissolve the rock.
c. Bacteria, algae and lichens produce chemicals that help break down the rock
on which they live, so they can get the nutrients they need.

Figure 3: Plants growing on top of the rock.

Agents of Weathering
1. WATER. The strong waves hitting the rocks can make it break. Water can seep into
the cracks of the rocks. When it gets colder, these waters can expand and turn into
ice. This can trigger rocks to break as well.
2. WIND. As the wind blows, it carries sand or small rock particles that scratch the
rocks’ surface. This can bring about mechanical weathering which can also result to
different rock formations.
3. TEMPERATURE. When rocks are exposed to varying temperature, it expands. If
rocks are exposed to a low temperature, it contracts. The repeated expansion and
contraction of rocks due to changes in temperature results in weathering.
4. PLANTS. Some plants like lichens, ferns, and mosses can also trigger weathering. It
can grow on rocks and cause it to break into pieces. Eventually, metabolic or life
process of these plants will cause the gradual breakage of rocks into smaller pieces.
Same with trees, its growing roots can break the cemented ground in search for more
minerals in the soil.
5. ANIMALS. Animals that live underground also contribute to weathering. As
burrowing animals dig deeper, they cause rocks to break into pieces, too.
6. HUMANS. A simple kicking of rocks can cause weathering already. Subdivision
developers use a bulldozer to flatten mountains or hills to build houses. Some
construction workers use jackhammer to break boulders of rock as they repair roads.
Mining companies extract stones or rocks from a quarry or an open-pit mine. Some
miners throw dynamites and other explosives on quarry sites to get more rocks or
stones. This mining activity can trigger landslide. Human is the great contributor in
weathering process.

What’s More
Activity 1. Let’s Compare!
Directions: Find the agents of weathering in the word puzzle below. Trace it with your
marker and write the words that you have found in the blanks below. You can write them
in any order.

a w i n d b c d
e a f g s u n h
i t p l a n t s
p e o p l e t o
i r o j k l a i
m n o p q r s l
t u v w x y z a

1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________

Activity 2.
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and write False if the statement is
wrong.
___________1. Continuous weathering leads to soil formation.
___________2. Humus is an accumulation of decayed matter such as plants and
animals
___________3. Soils take one year to form.
___________4. As plants die, small organisms break down and decay material into
organic matter.
___________5. Rock is formed when rocks are continuously broken down by
weathering.

What I Have Learned

 The surface of the Earth is continually changing.

 The process by which the rocks break into smaller pieces is called weathering.
 Weathering is mechanical if the rock was broken physically, and chemical if
there was a change its composition.
 The factors that cause the weathering of rocks are called agents of weathering.
  The agents of weathering include water, wind, temperature, plants, animals, and
humans.
 Continuous weathering results to soil formation.

What I Can Do

Directions: Identify what is being referred to in each item. Write your answer on the
space provided before the number.

__________________1. It is the breaking down of rocks into fragments.

__________________2. A type of weathering that involves change in the composition of
the rock.
__________________3. It causes weathering by scratching the rocks’ surface with sand
or small rock particles.
__________________4. This happens to a rock when it is exposed to a higher
temperature.
__________________5. It is the physical wearing away of rocks.

Additional Activities

My Gallery!
Directions: Create your own gallery of pictures showing the rock formation in any part of
the world. Collect five pictures for each agent (water, wind and sun) from old magazines,
newspapers or brochures and paste them in a separate short bond paper. You may ask
assistance from elderly in doing this activity.
You may refer to the table below for the criteria of grading your output.
 5 4 3 2 1 0
Excellent Very Good Fine Needs No
Good Improvement Output
1. The output is 1.The output 1.The output 1.The output 1. The No
neat and is neat and is neat and is neat and output is output
presentable. presentable. presentable. presentable. neat and submitte
2. Followed the 2. Has a 2. Has a 2. Has presentable. d.
directions. complete complete complete
3. Has a example for example for example for
complete each agent. each agent. each agent.
example for 3. Placed in a 3. The output
each agent. correct bond has complete
4. Placed in a paper. information
correct bond 4. The output about the
paper. has complete pupils.
5. The output information
has complete about the
information pupils.
about the
pupils.

Lesson
Soil Erosion
2
As you go through this lesson, you are expected to:

 Investigate extent of soil erosion in the community by identifying the factors

affecting soil erosion

Objectives:
 Conduct a simple investigation on extent of soil erosion in the community
by identifying the factors affecting soil erosion S5ES-IVb-2.1 1
 Demonstrate how certain factors affect the amount of soil carried away
- slope of land S5ES-IVb-2.2.
- strength and volume of running water- S5ES-IVb-2.2.2
- presence of land crops- S5ES-IVb-2.2.3 1 2.2.4
- dryness and size of soil particles- S5ES-IVb-2.2.4 2.3.
 Describe the effects of soil erosion on living things S5ES-IVb-2.3 1
  Describe the effects of soil erosion in the environment, (shape of land; condition of
water) S5ES-IVb-2.4.1

What’s In

In the last lesson, you learned about how rocks turn into soil. Why are rocks
important?
In this lessons, you will understand about the extent of soil erosion in the
community and its effects on living things and the environment. Most of the soil came
from the particles of the rock combined with the minerals through contacts of earth’s
atmosphere, water and biological organisms. Try to see if you can describe how soil
erosion in the community and its effects on living things and the environment. Happy
learning!

Notes to the Teacher

Remind your students to be careful in handling
materials. Remind them that some materials require the
presence of an adult in using them.

What’s New

Erosion Survey!...

Directions: Walk around your community and look for areas of erosion. Observe
health protocol when you are outside your house.

Evidence of Erosion Factors affecting

Area of Erosion soil erosion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
 What is It

Soil erosion is a result of the action of erosion agents (water, wind, ice and
others) on the soil under actual natural conditions or conditions induced or modified by
man. The natural and anthropogenic conditions exerting the greatest influence on the
rise, development and results of the erosion process are called erosion factors.

https://www.slideshare.net/vinand/soil-erosion-and-conservation-69567345

Factors that Affect Soil Erosion

The key characteristics influencing erosion processes include atmospheric

precipitation, wind, air temperature, air humidity and solar radiation. The factors
having a direct effect on soil erosion are atmospheric precipitation (water erosion) and
wind (wind erosion). A direct effect on soil erosion are atmospheric precipitation (water
erosion) and wind (wind erosion).

https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sh94UlDTn3Y
 What’s More

Let’s Study and Analyze.

Let’s play a game. Can you find all the words about soil? Circle them if you find
them.

https://www.education.com/worksheet/article/soil-word-search/

What I Have Learned

 The erosion of soil caused by running water depends on the slope of the land,
the amount of rainfall and the presence of plants.
 Erosion by wind and water carries away broken particles of rocks and soil until
the mountain become level lands or plains. Erosion can happen only when the
process of weathering occurs. The carrying of small pieces of broken rocks from
one place to another s called erosion.
 The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to
increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these
waterways and causing declines in fish and other species. And degraded lands
are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding.
 The loss of soil from farmland may be reflected in potential, lower surface water
quality and damaged drainage networks. Soil erosion could also cause sinkholes.
 Every natural resources here on Earth, like soil erosion, affects both living and
non-living things. Soil erosion does not only shape Earth’s landforms, it also
affects the ecosystem especially if it happens abruptly and uncontrollably.
  Human activities such as deforestation, illegal logging, overgrazing, and
quarrying also aggravate the effects of soil erosion on the environment.
 Soil erosion can be destructive in a way that some large masses would be
scratched and worn away as erosion happens, or it can continuously add up to the
beauty and wonders of nature.
 Sediments that are washed away by water can clog irrigation systems too. A
clogged irrigation system would not be able to supply enough water to crops.
 The agents of soil erosion are the same as of other types of erosion: water, ice,
wind, and gravity. Soil erosion is more likely where the ground has been
disturbed by agriculture, grazing animals, logging, mining, construction, and
recreational activities.

What I Can Do

Activity 1:
Directions: Identify the cause of soil erosion being described.

____________1. It can easily wash away soil because the soil is dry and light.
____________2. It is the major cause of soil erosion.
____________3. When population increase, it can cause soil erosion.
____________4. A gardener is digging the ground.
____________5. A dog burying a bone on the ground.

Additional Activities
Directions: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answers in the space
provided.
1. How will you describe the process of erosion? Give some examples that you
observe in your community to support your answer.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. What are some of the major agents of erosion? Explain how these different factors
shape and affects your community.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
 Lesson
Weather Disturbances in the
3 Philippines

As you go through this lesson, you are expected to:

 Characterized weather disturbances in the Philippines and describe
their effects to daily life.

OBJECTIVES
1. Observe the changes in the weather before, during and after a typhoon.
1.1 Describe a low-pressure area,
1.2 Describe monsoon winds.
1.3 Identify the different weather disturbances: Depression, Storm, Typhoon,
1.4 Discuss the different weather systems in the Philippines,
1.5 Explain the changes in the weather before, during and after typhoon

What’s In
 In your previous year, you have learned about different weather instruments,
observed different weather conditions in different places and as well as identified some
safety precautions during different weather conditions.
Today you will learn changes in the weather before, during and after a typhoon,
the different weather conditions that affects the Philippines and how it affects or daily life
and why we need to know these different weather disturbances.

Notes to the Teacher

Remind your students to be careful in handling
materials. Remind them that some materials require the
presence of an adult in using them.

What’s New

Weather is the condition of the troposphere at a particular time and place.

Weather can be hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy and sunny or cloudy. It is affected
by the temperature, wind and cloud.
Weather affects our daily activities and so therefore PAGASA or the Philippine
Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administrations monitors weather
every now and then, to provide us updates of the atmospheric condition of the different
places in our country.
So, what are the different weather conditions that affects the Philippines? How it
affects or daily life? And why we need to know these different weather disturbances?

What is It

Low Pressure Area (LPA) and High Pressure Area (HPA)

This refers to the weight of the air that is pressing down the earth. An abrupt
change of in air pressure can trigger weather disturbances. Convection, or the rising of
warm air and sinking of cold air, explains how a high pressure and a low pressure area
are formed.
When cold air sinks it results to a high pressure area. Since most air is pressing
down, the air on the surface becomes dry formation of a high pressure area indicates
fair weather; fewer clouds are found on the sky. But when warm air rises, less air
presses downward, resulting in the formation of a low pressure area. As the air
continuously rises, it will eventually cool, condenses and form clouds. The formation of
the low pressure area indicates the possibility of rain. There is a higher possibility of rain
when more clouds are formed. An LPA can result to weather disturbances, rains and
strong winds are brought about by a low pressure area.

In the Know: Monsoons

Monsoons are seasonal winds that bring heavy rains.
According to the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration, (PAGASA) the country experiences two kinds of monsoons—the
northeast monsoon and the southwest monsoon.
The northeast monsoon, commonly called Amihan, affects eastern Philippines
from October to late March. Initially a cold, dry air mass, it comes from Siberia and
gathers moisture over the Pacific Ocean before reaching the eastern parts of the
country. It is characterized by widespread cloudiness with rains and showers.
The southwest monsoon, on the other hand, is called Habagat. Characterized
by heavy rains that last for a week, it affects the country from July to September and
brings the rainy season to the western part of the country.
Monsoons are seasonal winds that bring heavy
rains such as those that pelted Metro Manila from
Sunday to Tuesday. In the photo, people wade in a
flood in Marikina city on Tuesday, Aug. 20, 2013.
Some of the Philippines’ heaviest rains on record fell
for a second day Tuesday, turning the capital’s
roads into rivers and trapping tens of thousands of
people in homes and shelters.
AP PHOTO/AARON FAVILA

Weather Disturbances
Tropical Depression – It is a weak low pressure disturbance with a definite
surface circulation. A tropical depression has a maximum wind speed of up to 61
kilometers per hour (kph). It is most in the equatorial region or the intertropical
convergence zone (ITCZ). The ITCZ is the belt of low pressure which circles the Earth
generally near the equator.
Tropical Storm – Once a tropical depression has intensified, it becomes a tropical
storm. A tropical storm is a moderate tropical cyclone with a maximum speed of 62-88
kph. A tropical storm is more organized and more circular in shape. The rotation of a
tropical storm is more recognizable than that of tropical depression. Severe tropical storm
has a maximum wind speed of 89-117kph.
 Typhoon – It is an intense tropical storm with a maximum wind speed of 118 to
220 kph. Most of the time, a typhoon is accompanied by heavy rains and strong winds.
Other Wind System and Weather Disturbances Affecting the Philippines
Easterlies – Summer time. Is a warm and humid air or winds from the Pacific
Ocean that may also bring occasional and isolated rain showers specially by afternoon
and night. Generally, it brings fair weather in most parts of the country usually in the
month of March to May.
Intertropical Convergence Zone – is a belt of low pressure which circles the
earth generally near the equator where the trade winds from the northern and southern
hemispheres come together. Since our country is located near the equator, it contributes
in the increase of rain intensity and thunderstorm that triggers flooding and landslides
usually affecting the Mindanao and Visayas region.
Thunderstorm - a violent short-lived weather disturbance that is almost always
associated with lightning, thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or hail, and strong gusty
winds. Thunderstorms arise when layers of warm, moist air rise in a large, swift updraft to
cooler regions of the atmosphere. There the moisture contained in the updraft condenses
to form towering cumulonimbus clouds and, eventually, precipitation. Columns of cooled
air then sink earthward, striking the ground with strong downdrafts and horizontal winds.
At the same time, electrical charges accumulate on cloud particles (water droplets and
ice). Lightning discharges occur when the accumulated electric charge becomes
sufficiently large. Lightning heats the air it passes through so intensely and quickly that
shock waves are produced; these shock waves are heard as claps and rolls of thunder.
On occasion, severe thunderstorms are accompanied by swirling vortices of air that
become concentrated and powerful enough to form tornadoes.
Changes in the Weather Before, During and After a Typhoon: Its Effects and What
to Do
Several signs can be observed before a typhoon hits land. The sky turns gloomy
as rain starts to form in the clouds. Winds begin to blow with increasing intensity.
Lightning flashes across the sky and strong thunder sounds can be heard. Listen to the
weather report and prepare for the typhoon. Store food, bottled water, flashlights,
candles, and matchsticks, battery powered radios, some clothes, and first aid kits. Place
domesticated animals in safe areas and fix unstable parts of the house. Fisher folks are
advised to stay at home. Adult members of the family must initiate emergency plans.
Typhoon winds whip up large waves in the ocean. These waves cause a bulge of
water in the ocean known as storm surge. As a storm moves over the coast, the storm
surge can cause water levels to suddenly rise or surge several meters.
Typhoon dangers include flying objects, strong winds and flooding. The wind can
uproot trees make billboards fall, damage house and infrastructures, and harm people
and animals. If rains continue to pour heavily for hours, floods, land and rock slides in
highly elevated areas, and massive erosions may be imminent. If possible, leave areas
threatened by a typhoon. If you have to stay in the area, stay indoors and listen to
weather forecast. Stay away from beaches and areas that may become flooded. Be
prepared to leave the area if local government authorities advise you to do so.
When typhoon is over, the wind decreases in strength, the sky becomes clear and
sun starts to shine, and the weather goes back to normal. Rain water subsides and
bodies of water begin to calm. After a typhoon clearing and cleaning activities must be
done by the members of the family. Electric wires and outlets immersed in water must be
checked, water that accumulated in containers must be emptied, and damaged parts of
the house must be repaired right away.
 What’s More

Directions: Cut out a sample weather report about typhoon and paste it on the box
below.

What I Have Learned

 Any disruption that occurs in the Earth’s atmosphere is called weather disturbances.
 The weight of the air that presses down on Earth is called air pressure.
 Convection is referred as the rising of warm air and sinking of cold air.
 Prevailing winds continually blow at a distinct direction. The continuous change in its
direction is called a monsoon.
 The prevailing wind from the northeast is called northeast monsoon or “Amihan” in
Filipino. This wind brings cold air during the “-ber months” and rain over the east
coast of our country.
 The southwest monsoon is the prevailing wind that blows from southwest. It is also
called “Habagat “in Filipino. This wind is warm and humid and brings rain from June to
October.
 Intertropical Convergence Zone or ITCZ is the area near the equator where winds
from the north and south hemispheres meet. These causes rainfall from the clouds.
 A rapidly rising warm air can create thunderstorms. Thunderstorm bring heavy rain
with lightning and strong winds.
 High pressure area or HPA forms when cold air sinks and less warm air rises. It
indicates a fair weather since lesser rain clouds are formed.
 Low pressure Area or LPA forms when more warm air rises. This can cause
rainclouds to form which leads to rain. LPA accompanied by strong winds can
become a cyclone.
 Tropical cyclone can be in different forms; these include: tropical disturbance, tropical
 depression, tropical storm and typhoon.
 What I Can Do

Directions: Write down what to do before during and after typhoon

BEFORE:
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________

DURING:
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________

AFTER:
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________
Lesson
The Effects of a Typhoon on the
4 Community

As you go through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Describe the effects of a typhoon on the community. S5FE-IVe-5

1.1. Describe the effects of a typhoon on human activities,

1.2 Describe the effects of a typhoon on other living things such as plants
and animals,
1.3 Describe the effects of a typhoon on physical structures.

What’s In

In the last lesson, you learned to observe the changes in the weather before,
during and after a typhoon. Can you still remember the different weather disturbances?
How about a low-pressure area and monsoon winds?
 In this lesson, you will learn about the effects of a typhoon on the community. You
will also describe the effects of a typhoon on human activities, on other living things such
as plants and animals, and on physical structures. Try to see if you can describe the
effects of a typhoon on the community. Happy learning!

Notes to the Teacher

Remind your students to be careful in handling materials.
Remind them that some materials require the presence of an adult in
using them.

What’s New

Directions: Based on your own experience, fill the graphic organizer below with the
effects of typhoon on the community

Effects
of
Typhoon

What is It
Effects of Typhoon on Human Activities
1. Human can be injured, killed, and lost during typhoons.
2. Flooding can cause people to drown, houses to be completely destroyed,
property to be swept away, and farms to lose all of their crops to the winds and
relentless rains.
3. Food shortages, lack of access to good medical care and medical supplies, and
limited access to major roads and cities can further complicate the problems
caused by a typhoon.
4. Debris flows and power outages are common.
5. Typhoon destroy life and property in coastal areas.

Effects of Typhoon on other Living Things such as Plants and Animals

Animals
1. When smaller animals and food supplies disappear or get killed, it affects larger
animals because they can no longer find enough food.
2. Animals suffer when man-made shelters collapse, when their human caretakers
are unable to care for them, and when they are exposed for long periods of time
to violent winds and heavy rains.
3. Typhoons cause major flooding, which can drown animals and destroy their
natural environments.

Plants
1. Even trees cannot withstand the sheer force of a typhoon's strength indefinitely.
2. Excessive rain can cause plants to drown, and it also causes soil erosion.
3. Mudslides often take plants down with them, ripping up their roots and killing the
plant.
4. Plant life can easily be swept away by floods and severe winds.

Effects of Typhoon on Physical Structures

1. Wind and water account for the two most destructive forces associated with
typhoons.
2. Typhoons affect buildings and other structures in two ways: through direct force
and through projectiles.
3. Direct force occurs when a wind gust slams directly into a building or structure
and causes physical damage, such as when wind blows the roof off a home.
4. Wind also inflicts damage by picking up and launching tree branches, building
materials, and other debris into structures.
5. The heavy and persistent rainfall and coastal storm surges that typhoons bring
can also have devastating effects.
6. In addition to making homes uninhabitable, the flooding associated with
typhoons can cripple rescue and aid efforts by making roads impassable.

What’s More
Directions: Read and understand the statement carefully. Tell whether each statement
is TRUE or FALSE.
__________ 1. The result of the changing conditions of the air does not affect the kind of
food that is available.
___________2. Farmers are greatly affected by weather.
___________3. A typhoon brings much damage to human life, livestock, and property.
___________4. Wind inflicts damage by picking up and launching tree branches.
___________5. Excessive rain can cause soil erosion.

What I Have Learned

 There are effects of a typhoon on the community such as human activities, other
living things such as plants and animals, and on physical structures.

What I Can Do

Directions: Fill in the blanks. Choose the correct answer in the box below.

injured drown flooding mudslides devastating

1. Human can be _____________, killed, and lost during typhoons.

2. Flooding can cause people to ___________, houses to be completely
destroyed, property to be swept away, and farms to lose all of their crops to the
winds and relentless rains.
3. Typhoons cause major ______________, which can drown animals and destroy
their natural environments.
4. _______________ often take plants down with them, ripping up their roots and
killing the plant.
5. The heavy and persistent rainfall and coastal storm surges that typhoons bring
can also have _______________ effects.

Additional Activities

Directions: Make a poster about the effect of typhoons on the community.

 RUBRIC

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
Required The poster All required All but 1 of the Several required
Elements includes all elements are required elements were
required elements included on the elements are missing.
poster. included on the
poster.
Graphics - All graphics are All graphics are All graphics Graphics do not
Relevance related to the related to the relate to the relate to the topic
topic and make it topic and most topic.
easier to make it easier to
understand. understand.
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms terms of design, attractive messy or very
of design, layout, layout, and though it may poorly designed.
and neatness. neatness. be a bit messy. It is not
attractive.

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Read carefully and choose the correct answer.

1. What are the two forces of nature that contributes mostly in the weathering of
rocks?
A. fire and water
B. sun and moon
C. water and wind
D. wind and plants

2. What research focus was soil erosion?

A. Effects on the Atmosphere
B. Effects on Climate
C. Effects on Water
D. Effects on Land

3. It can cause plants to drown and soil erosion during the typhoon.
A. Excessive Rain
B. Excessive Wind
C. Excessive Rocks
D. All of the above

4. Humans can be injured, killed, and lost properties ___________ typhoons.

A. during
 B. before
C. after
D. both B and C

5. Food shortages, lack of access to good medical care and medical supplies, and
limited access to major roads and cities can further complicate the problems
caused by a _________________.
A. Accident
B. Typhoon
C. Disease
D. All of the above
 Answer Key

LESSON 1

LESSON 2
LESSON 3
 What I Know
What’s new
1. A
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3
2. A
1. solution 1. PW 1. FALSE
3. B
4. D 2. Hydrolysis 2. CW 2. TRUE
5. A 3. biological 3. PW 3. TRUE
6. A 4. chemical 4. PW 4. TRUE
7. B 5. oxidation 5. CW 5. TRUE
8. C
9. D
10. A

LESSON 4

WHAT’S MORE WHAT I CAN DO

1. FALSE 1. Injured
2. TRUE 2. Drown
3. TRUE 3. Flooding
4. TRUE 4. Mudslides
5. TRUE 5. Devastating

References
Books:
Larisma,E. T.,Apolinario,N. A.,Santos,G N.C. Ph.D., (2015 ).The New Science Links
5,Nicanor Reyes Sr.St.Samplaoc,Manila: Rex Book Store Publishing Inc.
Sarte,E.T.,Garcia,E.R.,Lopez,E.A.,Dela Cruz, M J.G.,Arradaza,H.A.,(2016).
Science Beyond Borders 5,1253 G.Araneta Avenue,Quezon City:Vibal Grou Inc.
The new science links Evelyn T. Larisma pp. 327-330
Abracia ,Norma M., ED.D. ET. AL. pp. 216-218, Science in Our World
Abracia, N. M., et al. (2013). Science in our world 5. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal
Publishing House, Inc.
Sarte, E. T., et al. (2016). Science beyond borders 5, Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal
Group, Inc.

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“Weathering.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, July 29, 2020.
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