ENGLISH QUIZ REVIEWER -Gonzalez (2020) also added that informational

listening helps us learn, become keener, and become

MOD 1: INFORMATION GATHERING FOR EVERYDAY LIFE better at what we do in life. Consequently, improving
USAGE skills that develop our informational listening abilities is
advantageous to our lives.
INFORMATION GATHERING OTHER SKILLS THAT HELP WITH
-is the act of getting varied kinds of information for a INFORMATIONAL LISTENING ARE:
particular reason or purpose. The type of information -Knowledge of Vocabulary. The more words we
you are trying to obtain, as well as the people or other know, the more we can understand.
resources providing the information will determine -Concentration. We must know that to
which techniques you should use. concentrate, we need to be motivated to focus,
COMMON METHODS IN GATHERING INFORMATION and mentally say no to distractions.
-listening -Memory. With good memory, we can recall
-reading experiences and information from our lives to
-interviews help make sense of information in informational
-questioning listening.
-questionnaires -Refraining from Judgment. This skill requires an
-observation open mind.
-study of existing reports -Organization. This means identifying key
-Gathering decision is an aid in decision making, concepts from auditory information and
increasing the knowledge of the information recipient. mentally organizing them into an outline so that
Thus, noting details plays crucial part in gathering you can better understand and remember
truthful information for everyday life usage. material.
-you can gather information from news reports, -Asking Questions. Asking mental questions to
speeches, informative talks, panel discussions and many further grasp the information as the speakers
other more. You can note details using the Cornell are talking can mean that the listener is truly
method wherein as you listen to the informative talks you comprehending the information that is being
divide the paper in two columns. said.
-Taking Notes. One valuable tip in taking notes is
INFORMATIONAL LISTENING to only write down key concepts and terms
-Gonzalez (2017) defined informational listening as instead of trying to write down everything that
listening with the goal of learning, understanding, and is being said.
grasping information. It is considered a passive form of
listening because the listener is not judging, criticizing,
or evaluating the message but is simply listening to MOD 2: DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF TEXTUAL AIDS
understand it. ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF A TEXT
- By becoming a better listener, you can develop your
efficiency, as well as your ability to influence, convince TEXTUAL AIDS
and negotiate. -refer to non-textual elements that help readers
understand the content of the text.
EFFECTIVE INFORMATIONAL LISTENING APPROACHES -also refer to elements that stand-out from the main
(TAY, 2020) text such as titles and subtitles, bold, italicized and
-Info listening. Make sure you receive the same thoughts underlined texts.
which speakers are trying to convey. -Non-textual elements include illustrations,
-Don't judge or argue prematurely. Try to understand the maps, tables, graphs and charts.
speaker's ideas before judging them.
-Look for key ideas. Listen carefully to the speaker to find USES OF TEXTUAL AIDS/GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
out the main ideas that he or she is trying to convey. -it is to make the information clearer for viewers
-Paraphrase. Restate in your own words the message of
the speaker. Repeating the speaker’s words as he or she
says them will strengthen his or her message and help
you to stay attentive.
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS B. political map - usually includes
labels for features such as cities and major towns, units
-Titles and Subtitles such as states or provinces, and bodies of water
-Provide initial idea on what the text is all about
-Activate prior knowledge on the topic MOD 3: IDENTIFYING THE WRITER’S PURPOSE
-“Represent the key concepts (title) and
supporting ideas (subtitles) in the paper” (Elite STORYLINE
Editing, 2015) -made up of different elements that coherently keep
-Layering or positioning of these aids convey the the story together.
ideas’ level of importance. Elements of a Storyline:
-Illustration -Characterization - This is the process by which
-Visual representation of a subject a writer reveals the personality of a character.
-Facilitates better retention of the information This is achieved by the writer directly telling the
presented viewers what a character is like.
-Tables -indirect characterization relies on the
-Information (facts and figures) that are organized reader to discover what the character is
and arranged in columns and rows like. It relies on the behavior, speech, and
-Used to show patterns and relationships that still appearance of the character.
appeals to the readers’ verbal system, meaning -Setting - can be a combination of a place of
tables are supposed to be read like a text occurrence, the time in which the event takes
(Nussbaumer, 2011) place, a historical period, and even the weather
Column headings - found on top of the described in the story. Some are specific.
columns; used to identify the contents of -Plot - is the story sequence where the
a specific column characters systematically plays their roles. It is
Row headings - used to define or identify also where the setting acts a supporting
the contents of a specific row element in the development of the story. A plot
has a beginning, middle and end.
-Graphs -Exposition - so that the viewer can
-Used “when a simple table cannot adequately make sense of the action and follow the
demonstrate important relationships” of and story line.
within data (Mind Tools Content Team, 2020) -Conflict - refers to the struggle between
4 Types of Graphs: opposing forces in a story.
-Bar Graph - uses either vertical or
horizontal bars to show the data it FILM GENRE
represents. SkillsYouNeed.com (2020) -is the term categorizing a film based on some stylistic
emphasized that these bars do not touch criteria. From there, sub-genres are developed. The
each other; height of the bar indicates the category of a film indirectly assists in shaping the
value it represents. characters and the story of the movie. The shaping
-Line graph - used to show how numerical determines the plot and setting used.
data have changed over time and it is best GENRES:
used to show trends -Comedy - It is generally meant to make people
-Pie graphs - show “how a whole is laugh. Its subgenres include slapstick comedy
divided into different parts” and romantic comedy.
(SkillsYouNeed.com, 2020) -Horror - It aims to evoke viewers’ nightmares,
-Pictograph - “similar to bar chart but use fears, and terrors of the unknown. Its subgenres
pictures to symbolize a countable unit of include zombie horror and folk horror.
items” (Google Sites, n.d.). -Action - This has tremendous impact,
-Maps - Visual representations of selected continuous high energy, lots of physical stunts
characteristics of a place, usually drawn and activity. Some of its subgenres are war &
on a flat surface military action, spy & espionage action, and
A. physical map - includes labels martial arts action.
for features such as mountain ranges and bodies of water
 -Sci-fi - Uses visionary, fictional science-based SUBTEXT
depictions through fanciful imaginative settings. -is an underlying message, theme, or metaphor being
Some of its subgenres are space travel, time conveyed through the dialogues, images, background
travel, robot and monster films, and alien music, or even the whole film itself. These are not
invasion. directly stated but rather realized by the audience as they
-Romance - The plot revolves around the love of appraise the characterizations, the settings, and the story
its main characters such as courtship, forbidden plot
love, or love triangles. Its subgenres include
historical romance, romantic drama, romantic MOD 4: TEXT VS FILM
comedy, and chick flick.
-Thriller - Induces strong feelings of excitement, TEXT VS FILM
tension, suspense and other similar emotions.
Some of its subgenres are conspiracy thriller,
crime thriller, and spy thriller.
-Drama - This is a serious presentation or stories
with settings or real- life situations that portray
realistic characters in conflict with either
themselves, others, or forces of nature. Its
subgenres include political drama, romantic
drama, and melodrama.
-Fantasy - A film genre that most likely overlaps
with sci-fi and other genres, but it bases its -It makes us understand that stories would give us points
content on some degree of scientific truth, on which of these 2 are effective to make our
fairytale experiences and mystical beings. comprehension skills be develop. Moreover, its
accessibility to us to hold onto the material.
THE GENERAL PURPOSES OF THE AUTHOR
-Stephen King, a well-known American author, says, MOD 5: EVALUATING INFORMATION SOURCES (PRINT
“Description begins in the writer’s imagination, but VS WEB)
should finish in the readers.” King explained that a writer
is responsible in translating what he sees in his mind PRINT SOURCE
into words on pages. If he does this effectively, then the -material that has been printed and can be produced in a
reader can experience what he (the writer) has penned hard copy. Examples of print sources are books,
in his story. magazines, scholarly journals, and newspapers. These
-a writer might want to evoke a certain emotion from the materials are commonly found in a physical library when
viewers doing academic research.
-Non-fiction print sources can vary widely in the
PURPOSE OF A FILM audience they target or the amount of
-Generally, a film has the purposes of to entertain and to information they provide.
inform. It goes hand in hand with why an audience want -They generally have been through some type of critical
to watch a film – to be entertained and to be informed. review process that prevents poor material from
-the author also intends to make the audience ponder on reaching the library shelves. In other words, some type of
substantial realizations. quality control has typically taken place for publication to
-Setting is important because it serves to anchor the occur.
story plot and characterization of actors.
- Note that the plot, as a series of events that form the C.R.A.A.P
story, is the framework that binds the other story -memory device that can help you remember key factors
elements. Through the plot, characterization of the to consider.
characters progress with the story setting providing the MEANING
needed support to bring out what the writer wants to -Currency - the timeliness of the information
convey. -When was the information published or posted?
-Characterizations of the characters such as the -Has the information been revised or updated?
emotions they portray and delivery of their dialogues. --Is the information current or out of date for your topic?
-Are the links functional? -Purpose - reason the information exists
-Relevance - importance of the information for -What is the purpose of the information? to inform?
your needs teach? sell? entertain? persuade?
-Does the information relate to your topic or answer your -Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or
question? purpose clear?
-Who is the intended audience? -Is the information fact? opinion? propaganda?
-Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e. not too -Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?
elementary or advanced for your needs)? -Have you -Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious,
looked at a variety of sources before determining this is institutional, or personal biases?
one you will use?
-Would you be comfortable using this source for a WEB SOURCES
research paper? -include anything you can find on the Internet, which
-Authority - source of information contains a wealth of high-quality information if you
-Who is the author/publisher/source/sponsor? know where to look. Some web sources are databases
-Are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations of scholarly articles that are sometimes called
given? peer-reviewed articles.
-What are the author's credentials or organizational
affiliations given? SCHOLARLY ARTICLES/JOURNALS
-What are the author's qualifications to write on the -specialize in publishing technical and research-oriented
topic? articles and are mostly intended for students and other
-Is there contact information, such as a publisher or e- scholars. They are often reviewed by peers in the field
mail address? to ensure that the article is relevant and accurate.
-Does the URL reveal anything about the author or -Scholarly articles are a full-length document on original
source? research, and sources of high-valuable information.
-Is the site personal, commercial, governmental, They are written by an expert, for other experts, with
organizational, or educational? (.com, .gov, .org, .edu, new information and research results in some fields
.net) that are written with researchers with advanced
degrees.
WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO AVOID INACCURACIES
ONLINE?
-there is little quality control over the
information you find, and anyone to the Internet can
publish online.

-Accuracy - reliability, truthfulness, and

correctness of the information
-Where does the information come from?
-Is the information supported by evidence?
-Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
-Can you verify any of the information in another source
or from personal knowledge?
-Does the language or tone seem biased and free of
emotion?
-Are there spelling, grammar, or other typographical
errors?
 -What a critical reader must look for in a short story or
in a myth are the following:

A.Short Story
-Setting - must be powerful that transports the reader
into the tale by appealing to all the senses.
-Characters - including characterization, are well-drawn
and well-developed.
-Plot - should be original and not predictable. It should
be interesting enough for the reader to find himself
drawn to it. Also, the plot is best enhanced by literary
techniques such as suspense, or foreshadowing.
MOD 6: ANALYTICAL LISTENING IN PROBLEM SOLVING -Conflict - should be interesting that will move the
plot. It should clearly show how the opposing forces
FOUR TYPES OF LISTENING (such as man versus himself, man versus society, etc.)
-Appreciative listening - when you listen for appreciation -Theme - one that provides profound insights about life.
you are listening for enjoyment The theme is generally timeless, which means that it
-Empathic listening - to show mutual concern. During will remain true for different generation of readers
this listening process you are focused to the speaker and and across different backgrounds.
you try to show him that you are in his situation.
-Comprehensive listening – listening to understand or B. Myth
listening to comprehend the message that is being sent, -Characters are comprised of a hero with special skills,
wherein we do active listening. monsters who play the villain, and gods and goddesses
-Analytical/critical listening - listening to evaluate the who may help, reward, or punish the hero. The hero
content of the message. As a critical listener you are must be a well-drawn character, showing relatable traits
listening to all parts of the message, analyzing it, and while displaying great feats.
evaluating what you heard. -Plot and conflict - usually revolve around the hero’s
adventure or quest, and his success or failure will
MOD 7: MAKING JUDGEMENT ABOUT RANGE OF TEXTS determine whether he really is a true hero. The plot
may also present a tradition or local belief of the
SKILLS TO BE ABLE TO ASSESS AND MAKE JUDGEMENTS community where the myth originated.
-literary - (fictional pieces such as poems, epic, and short -Setting - plays a very important role in helping the
stories) readers visualize the hero’s environment especially
-informational - (nonfiction writing such as essays, during his quest. It should be very vivid for the reader
newspaper articles, reference books and the like.) to picture places such as the Underworld, the forest, or
the abode of the gods.
According to Thomson, De Bartoli and Buckley (2013), -Life lesson - Anchored on the general theme that
Successful reading involves the following: good deeds are rewarded and evil is punished, the
-retrieving, interpreting, integrating, reflecting, and lessons are usually about moral conduct.
evaluating information.
PERSUASIVE ESSAY
MYTH -refers to the kind of writing, which presents reasons
-is an ancient story created to explain natural events, and examples to effect thought and/or action. It
present a lesson on how to live, or serve as warning to requires the clear statement of an opinion and reasons
follow the rules of the society. or specific examples to support said opinion.
-Many readers prefer short stories because they can be STRUCTURE:
read in one sitting; their plots are usually easy to follow; -Statement of the thesis, or the theme/topic of an
and the characters are interesting. However, these argument - It usually presents a controversial topic and
criteria are superficial. the writer’s stand about it. A good thesis should state a
truth (e.g. Divorce is not allowed in the Philippines.) or
advocate a cause of action. Likewise, the thesis should
be something that can be proven.
-Enumeration of a set of reasons supporting the thesis. COHERENCE VS COHESION
This part elaborates on the necessity of the proposal, its -Cohesion - is the linking of words and sentences by
advantages and workability. using correct transitional/cohesive devices, such as
-Presentation of evidences that substantiate the conjunctions (e.g., FANBOYS), and adverbial
reasons and strengthen the thesis. - Evidences and conjunctions (e.g., even, although, and instead). By
arguments must be laid down carefully for a persuasive using proper cohesive devices, coherence is achieved.
effect. They should appeal to reason or logic, to ethics, -Coherence - is centered on the general sense and
and to emotions. organization/logical sequence of thoughts/ideas in a
-Conclusion which reinforces the thesis and calls for text – meaning, whether the text makes sense.
action.
TONE
TELLS -attitude of the writer/speaker regarding a subject. In a
-an acronym that helps you remember how to evaluate speaking situation or engagement, the tone of a
arguments before you can say that the text is convincing speaker is dependent on the purpose of the talk and
or not. who the audience are.

CORRECTNESS
-focused on grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. It
is important that the speaker follows grammatical rules
accurately, uses relevant and appropriate vocabulary,
and demonstrates clear pronunciation.

Debates, news reports, and interviews are perfect

examples for evaluation in terms of fluency, cohesion,
tone, and correctness.
MOD 8: EVALUATING SPOKEN TEXTS

FLUENCY Credits to yone ;>

-speaking effortlessly, reasonably fast, and without
unnecessary stops or pauses.
-Fluency in speaking starts with fluency in reading.
Reading fluency has three elements, namely; accuracy,
rate, and prosody.
-Accuracy - is pronouncing words correctly that
results to the ability to grasp the meaning of
words in the existing vocabulary of an individual.
-Reading rate – is defined as, “the speed with
which a reader processes an extended text and
grasp the meaning of each sentence without
skipping any words” (Fujita & Yamashita, 2014).
-Prosody - reading with expression.
-Fluency encompasses two concepts:
-Speech rate - measured by words per minute
indicates how fast or how slow a speaker
delivered the text, depends on the context of the
text.
-Speech continuity - goes hand in hand with
coherence.