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Basics in Verilog

This document provides an overview of basics in Verilog including system tasks, file operations, randomization concepts and interview questions. It discusses tasks like $display, $monitor, $strobe and their priorities. It also covers random number generation using $random, $urandom and $urandom_range as well as file I/O tasks like $fopen, $fclose, $fdisplay, $fwrite, $fstrobe and $fmonitor.

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32 views24 pages

Basics in Verilog

This document provides an overview of basics in Verilog including system tasks, file operations, randomization concepts and interview questions. It discusses tasks like $display, $monitor, $strobe and their priorities. It also covers random number generation using $random, $urandom and $urandom_range as well as file I/O tasks like $fopen, $fclose, $fdisplay, $fwrite, $fstrobe and $fmonitor.

Uploaded by

jerinkakkurumpil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASICS IN VERILOG

Presented by : Revanth Jangili


Trainer : Sulthana Shaik
Overview
�System Tasks
�Randomization Concepts
�File Operations
�Interview Questions

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System Tasks

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$display

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$display example :

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$monitor

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$monitor example :

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$display , $monitor , $strobe
�These three syntax have priorities while display
�$strobe has least priority compared to $display
�In-between $monitor and $strobe ,$monitor has least
priority
�Priority order:
$display ,$strobe ,$monitor
Ex: $display(”A”);
$display(“B”); OUTPUT: A
$monitor(“C”); B
$monitor(“D”); D
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Randomization concept in verilog
Why Randomization?
�Direct Stimuli takes long time to develop all possible
scenarios to verify different features
�Random testing is used to find the unexpected bugs

Few keywords used for random value generation are:


Ø $random
Ø $urandom()
Ø $urandom_range()

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EXAMPLE:

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$urandom()
�Function generates 32-bit random number but it is
always unsigned

bit{31:0] d;
d=$urandom();
Integer seed =3;
Int b=$urandom(seed);

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$urandom_range()
�It returns the unsigned values between specified range

Syntax:
$urandom_range(max,min);

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File Operations
�$fopen opens an output file and gives the open file a
handle for use by the other commands.
�$fclose closes the file and lets other programs access it.
�$fdisplay and $fwrite write formatted data to a file
whenever they are executed. They are the same except
$fdisplay inserts a new line after every execution and
$write does not.
�$fstrobe also writes to a file when executed, but it waits
until all other operations in the time step are complete
before writing.
�$fmonitor writes to a file whenever any of its arguments
changes
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File Operations - Usage
�handle1=$fopen("filenam1.suffix") ;
�handle2=$fopen("filenam2.suffix") ;
�$fstrobe(handle1, format, variable list); //strobe data
into filenam1.suffix
�$fdisplay(handle2, format, variable list); //write data
into filenam2.suffix
�$fwrite(handle2, format, variable list); //write data
into filenam2.suffix

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Reading from a file
�$readmemh("filename.suffix“, mem) ; // To read a file
consists of HEX values
�$readmemb("filename.suffix“, mem) ; // To read a file
consists of BIN values
* mem is an array data type

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Interview Questions
�Difference between $display and $monitor?
�Difference between $random and $urandom?

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k y o u
Than

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