INTERNSHIP REPORT

SOFTWARE TRAINING REPORT 0N AUTOCAD

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of the
degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
BY:
Nitish Kumar
Reg. No. 20101121008

Department of Civil Engineering

Moti Babu Institute of Technology , Forbesganj
 CERTIFICATE
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

It is to certify that the work contained in the project report titled “Autocad” by
“Nitish Kumar,” 20101121008 has been carried out under my supervision and
that this work has not been submitted elsewhere for award of any degree.

Mr. Shahnawaz Sir

Assistance Professor
Place: Dept. Of Civil Engineering
MBIT, Forbesganj
 STUDENT DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the internship report entitled “AUTOCAD” authentic
record of my own work as requirement of Six weeks internship during the
period of month February and March for the award of degree of B. tech (civil
engineering department) Moti Babu Institute of Technology, Forbesganj ,
under the guidance of Mr. Shahnawaz Sir(assistant professor MBIT,
Forbesganj).

Nitish Kumar
20101121008

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the
best of our knowledge and belief.

Examined by:

Head of Department
Mr. Kudan Kumar Das
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The present project work is the server days study of the various aspects of the
project development during this the effort in the present study, we have
received a great amount of help from our Head of Department Mr. Kundan
Kumar Das, which we wish to acknowledge and thank from death of our
hearts.
I am thankful to My Mentor Mr. Shahnawaz Sir for permitting and
encouraging me in doing this project.
My parents have put my life ahead of themselves because of their hard work
and dedication, I have opportunities beyond my wildest dream.
My heartfelt thanks to them for giving me all I ever needed to be successful
student and individual.
Finally, I express my thanks to all my other professors, classmates, friends,
neighbors and my family member who helped me for the completion my
project and without infinite love and patience this would never have been
possible.

Nitish Kumar
(20101121008)
B.Tech (Civil Engineering)
 ABSTRACT
AutoCAD is the most commonly used design software package in the
civil engineering industry. The need to incorporate this software into
various courses in the civil engineering curriculum is essential to
ensure students are equipped with software design skills. The
industry demand and need to incorporate it into academic
coursework led to the training of faculty teaching courses such as
highway engineering, geomatics, structural analysis municipal
planning, project management for engineers, and senior design
capstone. The training modules were designed to address the
discipline specific needs reliant on the course content and method
of delivery. Training modules highlighted the software’s automated
features to enable faster design processes and allow students
multitude of iterations given the parametric nature of individual
projects. The training modules consisted of showing the faculty the
automated features in the software such as creating topographic
surfaces from survey data, using the assembly feature to generate
cross-sections and further determine the volume of earthwork. The
objective of this paper is to discuss the structure of the training
sessions, the material covered in the different modules, the
challenges in condensing various courses into individual training
modules, the different assignments, the challenges that were
overcome and lessons learned.
 CONTENT
1) INTRODUCTION
2) BENEFITS OF CAD
3) MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF CAD
4) TYPES OF COMMANDS
1. Utility Command
2. Basic Command
3. Edit Command
4. Types of Dimensions
5) LAYERS
6) AUTOCAD WINDOW
7) DRAWING UNITS & LIMITS
8) INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD COMMAND
9) ISOMETRIC DRAWING
i. Some Isometric Drawings
10) 3D MOUDLING
i. Box
ii. Cylinder
iii. Sphere
iv. Wedge
v. Torus
vi. Polysolid
vii. Extrude
 INTRODUCTION
AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D
computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting available since 1982
as a desktop application and since 2010 as a mobile web- and
cloudbased app marketed as AutoCAD 360. Developed and
marketed by Autodesk, Inc., AutoCAD was first released in
December 1982, running on microcomputers with internal
graphics controllers. Prior to the introduction of AutoCAD, most
commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or
minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a
separate graphics terminal. AutoCAD is used across a wide range
of industries, by architects, project managers, engineers,
designers, and other professionals. It is supported by 750
training centers worldwide as of 1994.
As Autodesk's flagship
product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most
ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. As of 2014, AutoCAD is in
its twenty-ninth generation, and collectively with all its variants,
continues to be the most widely used CAD program throughout
most of the world.
 BENEFITS OF CAD
• Improved productivity in drafting.
• Shorter preparation time for drawing.
• Reduced manpower requirements.
• Customer modifications in drawing are easier.
• More efficient operation in drafting.
• Low wastage in drawing.
• Minimized transcription errors in drawing.
• Improved accuracy of drawing.
• Assistance in preparation of documentation
• Better designs can be evolved.
• Revisions are possible.
• Colures can be used to customize the product.
• Production of orthographic projections with
dimensions and tolerances.
• Hatching of all sections with different filling patterns.
• Preparation of assembly or sub-assembly drawings.
• Preparation of part list.
• Machining and tolerance symbols at the required surfaces.
• Hydraulic and pneumatic circuit diagrams with symbols.
• Isometric views.
The major functions performed by CAD system are:

Basic setup of drawing

Drawing of objects using various elements
Changing of properties of object
Transformations on object
Text
Dimensioning
Filling of objects with different patterns
Creating libraries
➢ The drawing area of Auto-CAD is designated by x and y co-
ordinates measured in terms of decimal values.
➢ The screen area can be reduced or enlarged by use of the
„Zoom‟ tool and the display of drawing can be reduced or
enlarged on the screen.
 COMMANDS

OVERVIEW AND DEFINITIONS.

You communicate with AutoCAD by using tools and Menu options.

These devices invoke AutoCAD commands.

What is a command?

It’s a single-word instruction you give to AutoCAD telling it to do something such

as draw a line (the line tool in the Draw Ribbon Panel) or erase an object (the
Erase tool in the Modify Ribbon Panel). Whenever you invoke a command, by
either typing it or selecting a menu option or tool, AutoCAD responds by
presenting messages to you in the Command Window and the Dynamic Input
display or by displaying a dialogue box. By right clicking during the drawing
process, a context-sensitive short cut menu is displayed; i.e. if you are in the
middle of a command, this menu displays a list of options specifically related to
that command.

II. Command tools.

Move the arrow cursor to the Line tool and rest it there. Do not click yet. Hold
it there for a little while and then for a longer while. You will see two tool tips.
The first tip gives you the tool tip name and the keyboard command associated
with the tool. The second tip gives a brief explanation of how to use the tool.
This happens to all other tools on the ribbon. To be able to draw effectively with
AutoCAD, you must learn how to tell AutoCAD what you want, and even more
important, understand what AutoCAD wants from you.
III. Methods of Accessing/Activating Commands.

i. Clicking on the command tool/icon on

the Ribbon Panels.
ii. Typing the command on the Keyboard.
iii. Use of Accelerator Keys. These are
special keystrokes that open and
activate drop down menu options.
Example is Ctrl+S for save and
Ctrl+C for copy.
iv. Use of Aliases; (one, two or three
letter abbreviations of a command
name).

These are also typed on the key board.

UTILITY COMMANDS

The utility commands are those commands which control the

basic functions of AutoCAD.

❖ HELP: Lists all the Auto-CAD commands.

❖ END: Returns to the main menu and updates (saves) the
drawings file.
❖ QUIT: Returns to the main menu without updating the
drawing file.
❖ SAVE: Saves the current drawing and remains in the
drawing editor screen for further editing.
❖ LIMITS: Allows changing the upper and lower limits of the
drawing area while working on a drawing.
❖ GRIDS: It displays a dot grid in the current view port.
❖ SNAP: It restricts cursor movement to specified intervals.
❖ ORTHO: Constrains cursor movement to the
▪ horizontal or vertical.
❖ OSNAP: Allows to select specify points on an object.
o e.g. endpoints, midpoints, intersection etc.
❖ POLAR: Allows cursor movement to the horizontal or
o Vertical.
DRAW/BASIC COMMANDS
➢ Point
➢ Line
➢ PLine
➢ Rectangle
➢ Circle
➢ Ellipse
➢ Arc
➢ Polygon
EDIT COMMANDS AND OTHER ADDITIONAL COMMANDS

These commands are used to edit or modify the drawing.

➢ ERASE- This command removes objects from a drawing.

➢ MOVE: This command displaces objects to a specified
distance in a specified direction.
➢ COPY: - This command is similar to move command, but
it places copies of the related object at the specified
displacements.
➢ MIRROR: - This command creates a mirror image of objects.
➢ SCALE: This command enlarges or reduces selected
objects equally in X, Y, Z direction.
➢ ARRAY: This command creates multiple copies of objects in
Pattern.
➢ ROTATE: - This command moves object about a base point.
 ➢ BREAK: - This command creates part of objects or splits on
object into two.
➢ TRIM: - This command trims objects at a cutting edge
defined by other objects.
➢ DIMENSIONING :-

The dimensions are inserted in the drawing by use of Dim

command.

There are various types of dimensions used their AutoCAD.

i) Linear Dimensions: Horizontal, Vertical, aligned (for inclined

dimensions), Rotated (for inclined dimensions).

ii).Angular dimensions: For angular dimensioning of objects.

iii) Radial dimensions: For radial dimensioning of arc or circle.

iv) Ordinate dimensions: For ordinate dimensioning of objects.

Text: This command creates text on the drawing with a variety of

character patterns or fonts. These fonts can be stretched,
compressed, oblique, mirrored or aligned in a vertical column by
applying a style to the font.
➢ Layer: layer A is like an overlay that allows us to separate
different types of information. AutoCAD allows an unlimited
number of layers on new drawings the default layer is 0.
This command creates new layer,
selects the current layer, sets the color and line type for
designated layers, turns layers on and off, locks or unlocks
layer, freezes or throws layers and lists defined layers.
AUTOCAD WINDOWS
DRAWING UNITS & LIMITS
• UNITS
The format, precision, and other settings used to display
coordinates, distances, and angles are set through this dialog
box, and are saved in the current drawing. It is recommended
that you save these settings to your drawing template files to
reduce your setup time when you start a new drawing. The
Drawing Units dialog box is displayed. Enter -units at the
Command prompt to display options.
• Limits: When you start a new drawing, and then decide how
much space I need for my drawing. Think of it as the size of your
drawing area. Then you can define drawing 19 limits correctly. Type
LIMITS enter. Type 0,0 as lower left corner then type or click the
coordinate for upper right corner based on the units which is in
Inches or mm.
• Command: LIMITS
Reset Model space
limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] : 0, 0
Specify upper right corner : 300,200
ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
A 2D isometric drawing is a flat representation of a 3D
isometric projection. This method of drawing provides a fast
way to create an isometric view of a simple design.
Distances measured along an isometric axis are correct to
scale, but because you are drawing in 2D, you cannot expect
to extract other 3D distances and areas, display objects from
different viewpoints, or remove hidden lines automatically.
By using the ISODRAFT command, several system variables
and settings are automatically changed to values that
facilitate isometric angles. The standard isometric planes,
called isoplanes, are as follows:
❖ Right. Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 90-degree axes.
❖ Left. Aligns snap and grid along 90- and 150-degree axes.
❖ Top. Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 150-degree axes.

You can use the Isometric Drafting tool on the status bar to
select the desired isoplane.
Alternatively, you can press F5 or Ctrl+E to cycles through the
isoplanes
SOME ISOMETRIC DRAWING
3D MODELING
3D solid primitives are standard shapes which are provided among the
ribbon options on the 3D modeling workspace. They include box,
wedge, cone, cylinder, sphere, pyramid and torus. The principles of
drawing them are similar.
Box: Box command on the toolbar modeling is used to draw 3D
models such as cubes and block. Creates a box with sides of
equal length.

Cylinder: The cylinder was created using a center point (1), a

point on the radius (2), and a point for the height (3). The base
of the cylinder is always on a plane parallel with the workplane.
Sphere: Specifies the center point of the sphere. When you
specify the center point, the sphere is positioned so that its
central axis is parallel to the Z axis of the current user
coordinate system (UCS). Defines the radius or diameter of the
sphere.

Wedge: The direction of the taper is always in the positive

X- axis direction of the UCS.

Torus: Specifies the center point of the torus. When you

specify the center point, the torus is positioned so that its
central axis is parallel to the Z axis of the current user
coordinate system (UCS). Defines the radius of the torus and
then define the radius of the tube.
Polysolid: You can create a 3D solid with polysolid just as you
would a polyline. You can also convert existing 2D objects such
as lines, 2D polylines, arcs, and circles to 3D solids with a
default height, width, and justification.

Extrude: Objects can be extruded orthogonally from the plane

of the source object, in a specified direction, or along a
selected path. You can also specify a taper angle.
Column Layout 10 X 10 For Building

COLUMN LAYOUT PLAN

First Floor & Second Floor 10 X 10 For Building
Ground Floor 10 X 10 For Building