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16 views

Lab 5

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mharisali379
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Heat Transfer and HVAC Lab

Lab Report 05
Refrigeration Cycle
6TH SEMESTER

Submitted to: LE Zeeshan Ahsan


Session: 2021 Section: ME-13C

SUBMITTED BY
Name CMS Marks

Hafiz Muhammad Haris Ali 394480

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing


Engineering
Objectives
 To determine COP of refrigeration cycle when water is heating source and water is
rejection medium.
 To determine COP of refrigeration cycle when air is heating source and air is rejection
medium.

Introduction
The refrigeration cycle is a critical process in many cooling and heating applications,
including air conditioning systems and refrigerators. The ideal cycle is composed of four
fundamental processes:
1. Isentropic compression
2. Isothermal expansion
3. Iso-enthalpic expansion
4. Isothermal compression

Isentropic Compression: In isentropic compression, the refrigerant is compressed in a


compressor. This process is adiabatic and reversible, meaning there is no heat exchange with
the surroundings, and the entropy of the system remains constant. The refrigerant's
temperature and pressure increase during this compression. This process requires work input,
which is why it's not considered reversible in a practical sense due to inefficiencies like
friction and heat loss.
Isothermal Expansion: Isothermal expansion occurs when the refrigerant passes through the
evaporator coils. Here, the refrigerant absorbs heat at a constant temperature from the
surrounding environment (which could be water or air, depending on the system setup). This
process causes the refrigerant to evaporate, turning from a liquid into a vapor while
maintaining a constant temperature.
Iso-enthalpic Expansion: Iso-enthalpic expansion occurs in the expansion valve. As the
refrigerant passes through the valve, its pressure drops suddenly but its enthalpy, or total heat
content, remains constant. This process is theoretically reversible because it's assumed there's
no external work involved or heat transfer with the environment in an ideal scenario.
Isothermal Compression: Isothermal processes in refrigeration involves the removal of heat
from the refrigerant at a constant temperature to condense it back into a liquid form in the
condenser. This is achieved by rejecting heat to a medium, such as water or air.
Apparatus:

Procedure
1. The main power supply was switched on.
2. The power red button on the control panel was switched on.
3. The valves were configured in such a way that both air evaporator and air condenser
could be used for performing the experiment.
4. Both the fans were switched on and the rotational control knobs were adjusted to set the
speed of both the fans.
5. The condenser fan was set at full speed for better heat rejection in the condenser.
6. The compressor was switched on and left to run for a while so that a steady-state
condition was reached in the system.
7. The refrigerant temperatures from T1 to T4, and air temperatures from T8 to T10 were
recorded, and the pressures were read from four gauges.
8. The experiment was repeated for Water (heating source)-Water (cooling source).
9. The compressor was turned off.
10. The cooling effect, C.O.P refrigerator, and heat rejection by the refrigerator in the
condenser were calculated.

Results and Discussion


Calculating COP of Refrigeration Cycle: The Coefficient of Performance (COP) for a
refrigeration cycle is defined as the ratio of the cooling effect produced to the work input
required.
Water as Heating Source and Rejection Medium
In this case, the refrigerant absorbs heat from water in the evaporator and rejects heat to water
in the condenser.
Power = 887 W
Volume flowrate of water,m = 1.75 lpm
Volume flowrate of R134a = 27 lph
Ti inlet water evaporator = 23oC
To outlet water evaporator = 15oC
Qh=mC p (T , i−T ,o)

¿ ( 1000∗1.75∗0.0000166667 )∗4200∗(23−15)
¿ 980 W

COP=cooling effect /work input


¿ 980 W /887W
¿ 1.105

Air as Heating Source and as Rejection Medium


The refrigerant absorbs heat from the air in the evaporator and rejects it to air in the
condenser.
Power= 879 W
Volume flowrate of R134a = 22 lph
Temperature of R134a at evaporator inlet= 6oC
Pressure of R134a at evaporator inlet= 4.2 bar
Temperature of R134a at evaporator outlet= 17oC
Pressure of R134a at evaporator outlet= 3.2 bar

Q¿ =ρ∗V∗(h 2−h 1)
Using EES to find enthalpies at inlet and outlet. And also the mean density of R134a
Q¿ =4140.94 W

COP=cooling effect /work input


¿ 4140.94 W /879 W
COP=4.71

Configuration Qin Work input COP


Heating source – Cooling source (W) (W) = cooling effect /
(evaporator) (condenser) work input

Water-Water 980 887 1.105


Air-Air 4140.94 879 4.71

Discussion
The coefficient of performance (COP) values calculated for two different configurations, one
using water as the heat addition medium in the evaporator and water as the rejection medium
in the condenser (COP = 1.105), and the other using air as both the heating source in the
evaporator and the cooling source in the condenser (COP = 4.71), indicate a significant
difference in efficiency between the two setups. The higher COP observed when air is
utilized as both the heating and cooling medium can be attributed to several factors.
Temperature Differential: Air had the higher temperature differential compared to water.
This means that the temperature gradient between the evaporator and the surroundings (for
heating) is greater when air is used. A larger temperature differential allows for more
efficient heat transfer, resulting in a higher COP.
Flow Rate: Air was circulated using fans, allowing for better heat exchange in the evaporator
and condenser coils. This efficient heat exchange contributes to the higher COP observed
when air is used as both the heating and cooling medium.

Conclusion
In summary, the higher COP observed when air is used as both the heating and cooling
medium can be attributed to the combination of air's higher temperature differential, efficient
heat exchange mechanisms, and system design tailored for air-to-air heat exchange. These
factors collectively contribute to a more efficient heat transfer process, resulting in a higher
coefficient of performance.

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