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Lab 12

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23 views

Lab 12

lab 12

Uploaded by

Muhammad Asad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab

Heat Transfer and HVAC Lab


Lab Report 12
VISUAL CYCLE REFRIGERATION UNIT

6TH SEMESTER

Submitted to: LE Zeeshan Ahsan


Session: 2021 Section: ME-13B Group: A

SUBMITTED BY
Name CMS Marks

SYED JAON ABBAS 375601


School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab

Objectives:
• To study the effect of change in flow rate of evaporator on COP.
• To study the effect of change in flow rate of condenser on COP.

Apparatus:
• Refrigeration cycle demonstration unit.

Figure 1: Refrigeration cycle demonstration unit

Introduction:
• Operation: The refrigeration cycle functions as a closed-loop system aimed at
cooling a designated space by extracting heat and discharging it externally. It
relies on a refrigerant—a substance that undergoes sequential transformations in
state and pressure to achieve cooling.
• Evaporation: Beginning in the evaporator coil, the refrigerant, initially in a low-
pressure and low-temperature liquid state, absorbs heat from its surroundings,
commonly the interior of a refrigerator or an air-conditioned area. This absorption
induces the refrigerant to evaporate, transitioning into a gaseous form while
absorbing heat.
• Compression: Subsequently, a compressor elevates the pressure and temperature
of the refrigerant gas, transforming it into a hot, high-pressure state. This
compression process is pivotal in enhancing the refrigerant's ability to release
heat in the subsequent stages.
• Condensation: The heated gas moves to the condenser, where it dissipates the
absorbed heat into the external environment. As a result of this heat loss, the
refrigerant undergoes condensation, reverting to a liquid state.
• Expansion: Following condensation, the high-pressure liquid traverses an
expansion valve or capillary tube, precipitating a sudden drop in pressure. This
pressure reduction causes a cooling effect on the refrigerant, priming it for re-entry
into the evaporator and initiating the cycle anew.
ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab

This continuous sequence of evaporation, compression, condensation, and expansion


facilitates the efficient transfer of heat from the interior to the exterior environment,
effectively cooling the designated space.

Procedure:
• Initiate the water flow within the system by opening valves Av1 and Av4 while
closing valves Av2 and Av3.
• Activate the compressor to commence operation.
• Adjust the cooling and heating water flow rates in the condenser and evaporator
respectively.
• Allow the system to run until reaching a steady state, indicated by stabilization of
the temperature at the compressor's outlet (T6).
• Record temperatures at the condenser inlet and outlet, as well as the evaporator's
inlet and outlet. Additionally, measure the pressure at the condenser and
evaporator inlet and outlet.
• Cease compressor operation.
• Power off the experimental unit's main switch.
• Terminate the water or air supply to the system.

Results (Volume flow rate of condenser Vcond= 2 l/min):


• Density of water = 𝜌𝑤 = 997 kg/m3
• Coefficient of heat of water = 𝐶𝑤 = 4.186 × 103 J/K. Kg
Volume flow Volume flow Mass Input Output Win COP
rate of rate of flow temperature temperature (W)
evaporator evaporator V rate of of evaporator of evaporator
Vevap (l/m) (m3/s) water m
1.6 2.667× 10-5 0.026 22 13 833 1.176
2 3.333× 10-5 0.033 22 15 835 1.158

Calculation:
Mass flow rate of water in evaporator=m = (V) ( 𝜌𝑤 )=(2.667 × 10-5) (997)
Mass flow rate of water in evaporator=m =0.026 Kg/s
Coefficient of performance of refrigerant= COPR
𝑞𝑒
COPR =
𝑊𝑖𝑛
Heat inlet to the evaporator = 𝑞𝑒 = m𝐶𝑤 𝛥𝑇
ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab

𝑞𝑒 = m𝐶𝑤 𝛥𝑇= m𝐶𝑤 (𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 − 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝)


𝑞𝑒 = (0.026) (4.186 × 103) (22 – 13) = 979.524 W
979.524
COPR = = 1.176
833
Results (Volume flow rate of evaporator Vevap= 2 l/min):
• Density of water = 𝜌𝑤 = 990 kg/m3
• Coefficient of heat of water = 𝐶𝑤 = 4.186 × 103 J/K. Kg
Volume flow Volume flow Mass flow Input Output Win COP
rate of rate of rate of temperature temperature (W)
condenser condenser V water in of evaporator of evaporator
Vevap (l/m) (m3/s) evaporator
m
1.8 3× 10-5 0.033 23 16 827 1.027
1.4 2.333× 10-5 0.033 23 16 823 1.032
Calculation:
Mass flow rate of water in evaporator=m = (V) ( 𝜌𝑤 )=(3.333 × 10-5) (997)
Mass flow rate of water in evaporator=m =0.029 Kg/s
Coefficient of performance of refrigerant= COPR
𝑞𝑒
COPR =
𝑊𝑖𝑛
Heat inlet to the evaporator = 𝑞𝑒 = m𝐶𝑤 𝛥𝑇
𝑞𝑒 = m𝐶𝑤 𝛥𝑇= m𝐶𝑤 (𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑙𝑒𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝 − 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝)
𝑞𝑒 = (0.029) (4.186 × 103) (23 – 16) = 849.758 W
849.758
COPR = = 1.027
827
Discussion:
We conducted an experiment to determine the coefficient of performance (COP) of a
refrigeration cycle using R134a as the refrigerant. In the first case, where the volume flow
rate of the condenser was held constant while that of the evaporator was increased, we
observed that despite maintaining a constant input temperature to the evaporator, the
output temperature increased along with the work input to the compressor.
Consequently, the COP of the refrigerator decreased, aligning with the expected response
based on fundamental refrigeration cycle dynamics.
ME-332 Heat Transfer & HVAC Lab

In the second case, where the volume flow rate of the evaporator was kept constant and
that of the condenser was decreased, we found that both the input and output
temperatures of the evaporator remained constant. However, the work input to the
compressor decreased, resulting in an increase in the COP of the refrigerator. This
outcome, while theoretically possible, typically necessitates specific adjustments or
control strategies to achieve. For instance, reducing the flow rate through the condenser
without corresponding adjustments in compressor operation often leads to increased
compressor work due to higher discharge pressures. Therefore, the observed decrease
in compressor work and subsequent increase in COP would likely require tailored system
adjustments or optimizations, such as changes in compressor speed or efficiency
enhancements under higher condensing pressures.
In summary, while the scenarios described can occur, they typically involve specific
conditions or control strategies to achieve desired outcomes. These findings underscore
the importance of careful system design and operational adjustments in optimizing
refrigeration cycle performance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our experiment aimed to investigate the impact of varying the flow rates of
the evaporator and condenser on the coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeration
cycle using R134a. We found that increasing the evaporator flow rate while keeping the
condenser flow rate constant resulted in a decrease in COP, whereas reducing the
condenser flow rate while maintaining a constant evaporator flow rate led to an increase
in COP. These findings underscore the significance of flow rate adjustments in optimizing
refrigeration cycle performance.

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