A

Project
ReportOn

“STUDENT RESULT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ”

Submitted To The Gondwana University, Gadchiroli in partial fulfillment of

the Requirement for the

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

MCA-II (SEM-IV)

SUBMITTED BY

Mr. AJAYKUMAR S TOKALA

Enrollment No. – ( 2022033700266265)
GUIDED BY

Prof. Indu Gadappa

BIT Ballarpur

DEPARTMENT OF MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

Ballarpur Institute Of Technology, Bamni, Ballarpur

2023 - 2024

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 BALLARPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,BAMNI,
BALLARPUR

Department Of Master Of Computer Application

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, the project entitled “Student Result

Management System”. is record of project done by Mr.
Ajaykumar S Tokala (2022033700266265) during session 2023-
2024 submitted to the Gondwana University , Gadchiroli in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the MCA-
II SEM (IV) and that the projecthas not been previously formed
the basis for the award of any other Degree, Diploma, Associate
Ship, Fellowship or other title and the project represents
independent and original work on the part of the candidate
under my guidance.

Prof. Indu Gadappa Dr. Rajani Singh

(Project Guide) (Head of the Department)

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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 Declaration

To,

The Principal,

Ballarpur Institute of TechnologyBallarpur

Respected sir,

We, undersigned students of department of Computer Application

hereby declare that the project entitled “Student Result Management System”
completed under the guidance of Prof. Indu Gadappa , MCA department.

This project work is submitted for the partial fulfillment of M.C.A Final

year examination to the department of Master of Computer Application,

Gondawana University, and Gadchiroli.

We honestly declare that the project developed by us has been carried

out independently and has not been duplicated or copied from other source.

Thanking You.

Date:-

Place: - Yours Sincerely

Mr. Ajaykumar Shriniwas Tokala

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 Acknowledgement

At the very outset, I would like to express my sincere thanks to

department of Computer Science, for enabling to enter in the IT
world

I am thankful to our principal Dr. Rajani Kant Mishra to

provide me necessary facility and the software’s in the computer
lab which are very helpful in completing this project.

I also thank our Head of Department Dr. Rajani Singh for their
valuable Suggestions, Guide Prof. Guide name for helping me to
accomplish this project. I thank to non-teaching staff for their help.

Date:-

Place:-Ballarpur Mr. Ajaykumar Shriniwas Tokala

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5|Page
 INDEX

Topic Pg. No

1. Introduction & Objective 7

2. System Environment 9
3. Design 10
4. Entity Relationship Diagram 13
5. Data base Design 15
6. Overview of Technology Used 22
PHP
PHP Server
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
MySQL
7. Preliminary System Analysis 37
. Feasibility Study
8. Testing 43
9. System Design 47
. Input Screen & Output Screen 36

10. Future Scope of the Project and Conclusion 59

11. Bibliography 60

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 INTRODUCTION

This document aims at defining overall software requirement for STUDENT RESULT

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .Efforts have been made to define the requirements

exhaustively and accurately. The final product will be having only features/functionalities

mentioned in this document and assumptions for any additional functionality/feature

should not be made by any of the parties involved in developing/testing/implementing

/using this product .

Student Result Management System divided in two modules–

• Student
• Admin
Admin Features

• Admin Dashboard
• Admin can add/update/ Class
• Admin can add/update/ Subjects
• Admin can add/update/ Active/Inactive Subject combination with class
• Admin can register new student and also edit info of the student
• Admin can declare/ edit result of a student.
• Admin can add/delete notices.
• Admin can change own password
•

Students-

• Student can search their result using valid rollid.

• Student can also view the notices.

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 OBJECTIVES

This specification document describes the capabilities that will be provided by the

software application STUDENT RESULT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .It also states

the various constraints by which the system will abide. The intended audience for this

document is the development team, testing team and end users of the product

SCOPE

The application will manage the information about various students enrolled in this

course in different years, the subjects offered during different semesters of the course,

the marks obtained by the various students in various subjects in different semesters.

The application will greatly simplify and speed up the result preparation and

management process.

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 SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT

Hardware Configuration

1. Pentium IV Processor

2. 512 MB RAM

3. 40GB HDD

4. 1024 * 768 Resolution Color Monitor

Note: This is not the “System Requirements”.

Software Configuration

1. OS : Windows XP

2.PHP (PHP5.6, MySQL, Apache, and PhpMyAdmin)

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 DESIGN
INTRODUCTION:

Design is the first step in the development phase for any techniques and principles for the
purpose of defining a device, a process or system in sufficient detail to permit its
physical realization.

Once the software requirements have been analyzed and specified the software design
involves three technical activities - design, coding, implementation and testing that are
required to build and verify the software.

The design activities are of main importance in this phase, because in this activity,
decisions ultimately affecting the success of the software implementation and its ease of
maintenance are made. These decisions have the final bearing upon reliability and
maintainability of the system. Design is the only way to accurately translate the
customer’s requirements into finished software or a system.

Design is the place where quality is fostered in development. Software design is a

process through which requirements are translated into a representation of software.
Software design is conducted in two steps. Preliminary design is concerned with the
transformation of requirements into data.

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Context Diagram 0

Context Diagram 1

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Student case Diagram

Search / View Result

View Notices

Login

Admin Case Diagram Admin Dashboard

Student Classes

Add/Update

Subjects

Add/Update

Subjects Combination

Add/Delete

Students

Add/Update

Result

Add/Update

Change Password

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ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP Diagrams

E-R (Entity-Relationship) Diagram is used to represents the relationship between entities

in the table.

The symbols used in E-R diagrams are:

SYMBOL PURPOSE

Represents Entity sets.

Represent attributes.

Represent Relationship Sets.

Line represents flow

Structured analysis is a set of tools and techniques that the analyst.

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To develop a new kind of a system:

The traditional approach focuses on the cost benefit and feasibility analysis, Project
management, and hardware and software selection a personal consideration.

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 DATABASE DESIGN
Tables

The data in the system has to be stored and retrieved from database. Designing the database

is part of system design. Data elements and data structures to be stored have been identified

at analysis stage. They are structured and put together to design the data storage and

retrieval system.

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve

many users quickly and efficiently. The general objective is to make database access easy,

quick, inexpensive and flexible for the user. Relationships are established between the data

items and unnecessary data items are removed. Normalization is done to get an internal

consistency of data and to have minimum redundancy and maximum stability. This ensures

minimizing data storage required, minimizing chances of data inconsistencies and

optimizing for updates. The MySQL database has been chosen for developing the relevant

databases.

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Student Result Management System (SRMS) contains 7 MySQL tables:

admin: This tables stores admin login details.

tblclasses : This tables stores class information.

tblsubjects: This table store subject details.

Tblsubjectcombination: This Table stores class and subject combination details.

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tblstudents: This table stores student details.

tblresult : This stores the result details.

tblnotices: This table used to store the notices.

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Relationship Diagram Between Tables

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 DATABASE MODELS
Single Tier

In a single tier the server and client are the same in the sense that a client program
that needs information (client) and the source of this type of architecture is also possible
in java, in case flat files are used to store the data. However, this is useful only in case of
small applications. The advantage with this is the simplicity and portability of the
application developed.

Server and
client

Database

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Two Tier (client-server)

In two tier architecture the database resides in one machine and client in different
machine they are connected through the network. In this type of architecture, a database
management takes control of the database and provides access to clients in a network.
This software bundle is also called as the server. Software in different machines,
requesting for information are called as the clients

Server

Client

Client

Database

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Three Tier and N-Tier

In the three-tier architecture, any number servers can access the database that resides on
server. Which in turn serve clients in a network. For example, you want to access the
database using java applets, the applet running in some other machine, can send request

only to the server from which it is down loaded. For this reason, we will need to have a
intermediate server which will accept the requests from applets and them to the actual
database server. This intermediate server acts as a two-way communication channel also.
This is the information or data from the database is passed on to the applet that is
requesting it. This can be extended to make n tiers of servers, each server carrying to
specific type of request from clients, however in practice only 3 tiers architecture is
popular.

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 OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES USED
Front End Technology
PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for the web. Within an
HTML page, you can embed PHP code that will be executed each time the page is
visited. Your PHP code is interpreted at the web server and generates HTML or other
output that the visitor will see.
PHP was introduced in 1994. As of November 2007, it was installed on more than 21
million domains worldwide, and this number is growing rapidly. You can see the
current number at http://www.php.net/usage.php
PHP is an Open Source project. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page and
now stands for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor.

Unique Features
If you are familiar with other server side language like ASP.NET or JSP you might be
wondering what makes PHP so special, or so different from these competing alternatives
well, here are some reasons:

1. Performance
2. Portability(Platform Independent)
3. Ease Of Use
4. Open Source
5. Third-Party Application Support
6. Community Support

Performance
Scripts written in PHP executives faster than those written in other scripting language,
with numerous independent benchmarks, putting the language ahead of competing
alternatives like JSP,ASP.NET and PERL.The PHP 5.0 engine was completely
redesigned with an optimized memory manager to improve performance, and is
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noticeable faster than previous versions. In addition, third party accelerators are available
to further improve performance and response time.

Portability
PHP is available for UNIX, MICROSOFT WINDOWS, MAC OS, and OS/2.PHP
Programs are portable between platforms. As a result, a PHP application developed on,
say, Windows will typically run on UNIX without any significant issues.This ability to
easily undertake cross-platform development is a valuable one, especially when
operating in a multi platform corporate environment or when trying to address multiple
market segments.

Ease Of Use
“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication”, Said Leonardo da Vinci, and by that measure,
PHP is an extremely sophisticated programming language. Its syntax is clear and
consistent, and it comes with exhaustive documentation for the 5000+ functions included
with the core distributions. This significantly reduces the learning curve for both novice
and experienced programmers, and it’s one of the reasons that PHP is favored as a rapid
prototyping tool for Web-based applications.

Open Source
PHP is an open source project – the language is developed by a worldwide team of
volunteers who make its source code freely available on the Web, and it may be used
without payment of licensing fees or investments in expensive hardware or software
.This reduces software development costs without affecting either flexibility or reliability
The open-source nature of the code further means that any developer, anywhere , can
inspect the code tree, spit errors, and suggest possible fixes, this produces a stable, robust
product wherein bugs, once discovered, are rapidly resolved – sometimes within a few
hours of discovery !.

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 Third-Party Application Support
One of PHP’s Strengths has historically been its support for a wide range of different
databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP 5.3
Supports more than fifteen different database engines, and it includes a common API for
database access. XML support makes it easy to read and write XML documents though
they were native PHP data structures, access XML node collections using Xpath, and
transform XML into other formats with XSLT style sheets.

Community Support
One of the nice things about a community-supported language like PHP is the access it
offers to the creativity and imagination of hundreds of developers across the world.
Within the PHP community, the fruits of this creativity may be found in PEAR, the PHP
Extension and Application Repository and PECL, the PHP Extension Community
Library, which contains hundreds of ready-,made widgets and extensions that developers
can use to painlessly and new functionality to PH. Using these widgets is often a more
time-and cost-efficient alternative to rolling your own code.

PHP Server
The PHP Community Provides Some types of Software Server solution under The GNU
(General Public License).

These are the following:

1. WAMP Server
2. LAMP Server
3. MAMP Server
4. XAMPP Server
All these types of software automatic configure inside operating system after installation
it having PHP, MySQL, Apache and operating system base configuration file, it doesn’t
need to configure manually.

WAMP----- Microsoft window o/s,ApacheMysql PHP

LAMP---- Linux Operating System Apache Mysql PHP

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MAMP---- Mac osApache Mysql PHP

XAMPP---- x-os(cross operating system) Apache Mysql PHP Perl

Introduction to HTML

The hypertext markup language (HTML) is a simple markup language. Used to create a
hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to another HTML documents
are SGML (Standard generalized mark up language) documents with generic semantics
that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of applications. This
specification defines HTML version 3.2. HTML 3.2 aims to capture recommended
practice as of early ’96 and as such a replacement for HTML2.0 (RFC 1866).

A set of instructions embedded in a document is called mark up language. These

instructions describe what the document text means and how it should look like in a
display. Hyper Text Mark Up language (HTML) is the language used to encode World
Wide Web documents.

WHY TO USE HTML?

Website is a collection of pages, publications, and documents that reside on web server.
While these pages publications and a document as a formatted in a single format, you
should use HTML for home page and all primary pages in the site. This will enable the
millions of web users can easily access and to take advantage of your website.

HTML is considered first for formatting any new material you plan to publish on the
web. HTML documents are platform independent, meaning that they don’t confirm to

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any standard. If they are created properly you can move home page to any server
platform or you can access them with any complaint www browser.

STRUCTURE OF HTML

HTML elements perform a defined task. HTML uses two types of elements

. Empty Tags

. Container Tags

These tags differ because of what they represent. Empty tags represent formatting
constricts such as line breaks and horizontal rules. Container tags define a section of text,
formats and dot all of the selected text. A container tag has both a beginning and an
ending.

HTML LAYOUT:

An HTML document consists of text, which comprises the content of the document and
tags, which, defines the structure, and appearance of the document. The structure of an
HTML document is simple, consists of outer.

<HTML>tag enclosing the document header and body

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>the title of HTML document</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<BODY>

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This is where the actual HTML documents

Text lies, which is displayed in the browser

</BODY>

</HTML>

Each document has a head and body delimited by the <HEAD> and <BODY> tag. The
head is where you give your HTML document a title and where you indicate other
parameters the browser may use when displaying the document. This includes the text
for displaying the text. Tag also references special and indicates the hot spots that link
your document to other documents.

HTML FORMS:

Creating a form usually involves two independent steps: Creating the layout for the form
itself and then writing a script program on the server side to process the formation you
get back from a form.

To create a form, You use the <FORM> tag. Inside the opening and closing FORM tags
are each of the individual form elements plus any other HTML content to create a layout
for that form.

The opening tag of the FORM element usually includes the attributes: METHOD and
ACTION. The METHOD attributes can be either GET or POST which determines how
your form data is sent to the script to process it.

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The ACTION attribute is a pointer to the script that processes the form on the server
side. The ACTION can be included by a relative path or by a full URL to a script on your
server or somewhere else. For example, the following <FORM> tag would call a script
called form-name in cgi-bin directory on server www.myservser.com

<FORM Method= post action=http://www.mytservser.com/cgi-bin/form-name.pl>

……………….

</FORM>

METHOD ATTRIBUTE:

The other required attribute for the <form> tag sets the methods by which the browser
form’s data to the server for processing. There are two ways: the POST method and GET
method. With POST method, the browser sends the data in two steps: the browser first
contacts the form-processing server specified in the action attributes, and once contact is
made, sends the data.

BACK END TECHNOLOGY:

MYSQL

MySQL Introduction
There are a large number of database management systems currently available, some
commercial and some free.

Some of them : Oracle, Microsoft Access, Mysql and PostgreSQL.

These database systems are powerful, feature-rich software, capable of organizing and
searching millions of records at very high speeds.

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Understanding Databases, Records, and Primary Keys
Every Database is composed of one or more tables.

These Tables, which structure data into rows and columns, Impose organization on the
data.

The records in a table(below) are not arranged in any particular order.

SQL, statements fall into one of three categories.(Types of SQL)

Data Definition Language(DDL) : DDL Consists of statements that define the structure
and relationships of a database and its table.

These Statements are used to Create, drop and modify databases and tables.
Data Manipulation Language(DML) : DML statements are related to altering and
extracting data from a database.
These statements are used to add records to, update records in, and delete records from, a
database; perform queries; retrieve table records matching one or more user specified
criteria; and join tables together using their common fields.

Data Control Language(DCL) : DCL statements are sued to define access levels and
security privileges for a database.
You would use these statements to grant or deny user privileges; assign roles; change
passwords; view permissions; and create rulesets to protect access to data.

The Syntax of SQL is quite intuitive. every SQL statement begins with an “action word”,
like DELETE, INSERT,ALTER etc.

it ends with a semicolon. whitespace, tabs, carriage returns are ignored.

Some example of valid SQL statements :
CREATE DATABASE emplyee;
SELECT name FROM users where email =”anuj.lpu1@gmail.com”;
DELETE FROM cars WHERE year_of_manufacture< 1980;

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PHP Mysql connectivity
Use the mysql_connect( ) function to established connection to the MySQL server.
To access the database functionality we have to make a connection to database using
Php.

mysql_connect() function is used to establish the connection to mysql server.

four arguments need to be passed to mysql_connect() function.
hostname : if you are working on local system , you can use localhost or you can also
provide ip address or server name.

username : if there is a existing user , you can provide username. default username is
‘root’.

password : by default password is blank or null.

dbname : it is an optional field . it is basically a name of the database that need to be

connected.
mysql_connect(host,username,password,dbname);
host(Server name)---- Either a host name(server name) or an IP address
username---- The MySQL user name
password----The password to log in with
dbname----Optional. The database to be used when performing queries

Note : There are more available parameters, but the ones listed above are the most
important.

In the following example we store the connection in a variable ($con) for later use in the
script.

<?php

// Create connection

$con=mysqli_connect("localhost","root","") or die(mysql_error());

?>

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Here localhost is server name. root is MySQL default user name. default password is
blank and database name is my_db. mysql_error( ) function provides mysql
connectivity error message.

MySQL Close Connection

<?php

// Create connection

$con=mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","my_db") or die(mysql_error());

//code to be executed.

// Close connection

mysql_close($con);

?>

after work with the database is done we have to close the connection using mysql_close()
function
in which the connection to the database is passed.

Client-side Script(JAVASCRIPT):-

JavaScript:

JavaScript is a new scripting language for WebPages. Scripts written with java script can
be embedded into your HTML pages. With java script you have many possibilities for
enhancing your HTML page with interesting elements. For example you are able to
respond to user-initiated events quite easily. Some effects that are now possible with
java script were some time ago only possible with CGI. So you can create really
sophisticated pages with the helps of java script on the Internet.

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How can Java Script scripts run?

The first browser to support java script was the Netscape Navigator 2.0 of course the
higher versions do have java script as well. You might know that java does not run on
all Netscape Navigators 2.0 (or higher versions) versions. But this is not true for java
script -although there are some problems with the different versions.

The Mac version for example seems to have many bugs. In the near future there are
going to be some other browsers, which support java script. The Microsoft Internet
explorer 3.0 is going to support java script. JavaScript enabled browsers are going to
spread soon - it is worth learning this new technique now. You might realize that is really
easy to write Java Script scripts. We have to know is some basic techniques and some
work-around for problems you might encounter. Of course we need a basic.
Understanding HTML before reading this tutorial you can find many really good online
resources about HTML. Best you make an online search about ‘html’ at yahoo if you
want to get informed about HTML. Now I want to show some small scripts so you can
learn how they are implemented into HTML-documents and to show which possibilities
you have with the new scripting language. The following is a very small script, which
will only print a text into an HTML document.

<html>

<head>

My first JavaScript

</head>

<body><br>

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This is a normal HTML document

<br>

<script language=”JavaScript”>

Document.write (“this is a java script”)

</script><b r>

Backing HTML again

</body>

</html>

If you are using a java script enabled-browser at the moment then you will have the
possibility to see this script working. If your browser doesn’t support Java Script then
this output might be some kind of strange…

This is a normal HTML document

This is java script!

Back in HTML again.

Functions

Functions are bet declared between the <Head> tag of HTML page. Functions are called
by user-initiated events. Seems reasonable to keep the functions between the <Head>
tags. They are loaded first before a user can do anything that might call a function.
Scripts can be placed between inside comment fields to ensure that older browser do not
display the script itself.

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<html>

<head>

<script language=”JavaScript”>

function pushbutton (){

alert (“Hello!”);

</script>

</head>

<body>

<form>

<input type=”button” name=”Button1” value=”push me” onclick=”pushbutton ()”>

</form>

</body>

</html>

If we want to test this one immediately and you are using a Java Script enabled browser
then please go ahead and push the button.

This script will create a button and when you press it a window will pop up saying
“hello!”. In fact we have a lot of possibilities just by adding functions to our scripts.

The common browsers transmit the form information by either method: here’s the
complete tag including the GET transmission method attribute for the previous form

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Example

<Form method =GET action=http://www.mycompany.com/ upfdate.php>

………

</form>

Input elements.

Use the <input> tag to define any one of a number of common form elements including
text fields multiple choice lists click able images and submission buttons. There are
many attributers for this tag only that types and name attributes are required for each
element, each type of input element uses only a subset of the followed attributes.
Additional <input> attributes may be required based upon which type of the form
element you specify.

Submit button:

The submit button (<input type=submit> ) does what its name implies, settings in motion
the form’s submission to the server from the browser. We many have more than submit
buttons will be added to the parameter list the browser sends along to the server.

Example

< Input type =”submit”>

<Input type=”submit” value=”submit” name=”name”>

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Reset button:

The reset button if firm <input> button is nearly self- explanatory; it lets the user reset
erase or set to some default value all elements in the form. By default the browser
displays a reset button worth the label “reset”. We can change that by specifying a value
attribute with tour own button label.

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility study is conducted once the problem is clearly understood. Feasibility study
is a high level capsule version of the entire system analysis and design process. The
objective is to determine quickly at a minimum expense how to solve a problem. The
purpose of feasibility is not to solve the problem but to determine if the problem is worth
solving.

The system has been tested for feasibility in the following points.

1. Technical Feasibility

2. Economical Feasibility

3. Operational Feasibility.

1. Technical Feasibility

The project entitles "Courier Service System” is technically feasibility because of the
below mentioned feature. The project was developed in Java which Graphical User
Interface.

It provides the high level of reliability, availability and compatibility. All these
make Java an appropriate language for this project. Thus the existing software
Java is a powerful language.

2. Economical Feasibility

The computerized system will help in automate the selection leading the profits and
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details of the organization. With this software, the machine and manpower utilization
are

expected to go up by 80-90% approximately. The costs incurred of not creating the

system are set to be great, because precious time can be wanted bymanually.

3. Operational Feasibility

In this project, the management will know the details of each project where he may be
presented and the data will be maintained as decentralized and if any inquires for that
particular contract can be known as per their requirements and necessaries.

Implementation:

Implementation is the stage where the theoretical design is turned into a working system.
The most crucial stage in achieving a new successful system and in giving confidence on
the new system for the users that it will work efficiently and effectively.

The system can be implemented only after thorough testing is done and if it is found to
work according to the specification.

It involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its constraints on
implementation, design of methods to achieve the change over and an evaluation of
change over methods a part from planning. Two major tasks of preparing the
implementation are education and training of the users and testing of the system.

The more complex the system being implemented, the more involved will be the
systems analysis and design effort required just for implementation.

The implementation phase comprises of several activities. The required hardware and
software acquisition is carried out. The system may require some software to be
developed. For this, programs are written and tested. The user then changes over to his
new fully tested system and the old system is discontinued.
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 INTRODUCTION TO HTML4.0
What is the World Wide Web?

The World Wide Web is a network of information resources. The Web relies on three
mechanisms to make these resources readily available to the widest possible audience.

1. A uniform naming scheme for locating resources on the Web (e.g. URLs)
2. Protocols, for access to named resources over the Web (e.g. HTTP)
3. Hypertext, for easy navigation among resources (e.g.HTML)

The ties between the three mechanisms are apparent throughout this specification

What is HTML?
To publish information for global distribution, one needs a universally understood
language, a kind of publishing mother tongue that all computers may potentially
understand. The publishing language used by the World Wide Web is HTML (from
Hyper Text Markup Language). HTML gives authors the means to
- Publish online documents with headings, text, tables, lists, photos, etc.
- Retrieve online information via hypertext links, at the click of a button
- Design forms for conducting transactions with remote services, for use in searching for
information, making reservations, ordering products etc.
- Include spread - sheets, video clips, sound clips, and other applications directly in their
documents.

A brief history of HTML:

HTML was originally developed by Tim Berners-Lee while at CERN, and popularized
by the Mosaic browser developed at NCSA. During the course of the 1990s it has
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blossomed with the explosive growth of the Web during this time. HTML has been
extended in a number of ways. The Web depends on Web page authors and vendors
sharing the same conventions for HTML. This has motivated joint work on
specifications for HTML.
HTML 2.0 (November 1995) was developed under the aegis of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF) to codify common practice in late 1994. HTML (1993) and
([HTML.30]) (1995) proposed much richer versions of HTML, despite never receiving
consensus in standards discussions, these drafts led to the adoption of a range new
features. The efforts of the World Wide Web Consortium’s HTML working group to
codify common in 1996 resulted in HTML 3.2 (January 1997). Most people agree that
HTML documents should work well across different browsers and platforms. Achieving
interoperability lowers costs to content providers since they must develop only one
version of a document. If the effort is not made, there is much greater risk that the Web
will devolve into a proprietary world of incompatible formats, ultimately reducing the
Web’s commercial potential for all participants.

SOFTWARE METHODOLOGY
The software methodology followed in this project includes the object-oriented
methodology and the application system development methodologies. The description of
these methodologies is given below.
Application System Development – A Life cycle Approach

Although there are a growing number of applications (such as decision support systems)
that should be developed using an experimental process strategy such as prototyping, a
significant amount of new development work continue to involve major operational
applications of broad scope. The application systems are large highly structured. User
task comprehension and developer task proficiency is usually high. These factors suggest
a linear or iterative assurance strategy. The most common method for this stage class of
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 problems is a system development life cycle modal in which each stage of development
is well defined and has straightforward requirements for deliverables, feedback and sign
off. The system development life cycle is described in detail since it continues to be an
appropriate methodology for a significant part of new development work.

The basic idea of the system development life cycle is that there is a well-defined process
by which an application is conceived and developed and implemented. The life cycle
gives structure to a creative process. In order to manage and control the development
effort, it is necessary to know what should have been done, what has been done, and
what has yet to be accomplished. The phrases in the system development life cycle
provide a basis for management and control because they define segments of the
flow of work, which can be identified for managerial purposes and specifies the
documents or other deliverables to be produced in each phase.

The phases in the life cycle for information system development are described differently
by different writers, but the differences are primarily in the amount of necessity and
manner of categorization. There is a general agreement on the flow of development steps
and the necessity for control procedures at each stage.

The information system development cycle for an application consists of three major
stages.

1) Definition.
2) Development.
3) Installation and operation.

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The first stage of the process, which defines the information requirements for a feasible
cost effective system. The requirements are then translated into a physical system of
forms, procedures, programs etc., by the system design, computer programming and
procedure development. The resulting system is test and put into operation. No system is
perfect so there is always a need for maintenance changes. To complete the cycle, there
should be a post audit of the system to evaluate how well it performs and how well it
meets the cost and performance specifications. The stages of definition, development and
installation and operation can therefore be divided into smaller steps or phrases as
follows.
Definition

Proposed definition : preparation of request for proposed applications.

Feasibility assessment : evaluation of feasibility and cost benefit of proposed system.
Information requirement analysis : determination of information needed.
Design
Conceptual design : User-oriented design of application development.
Physical system design : Detailed design of flows and processes in applications
processing system and preparation of program specification.
Development
Program development : coding and testing of computer programs.
Procedure development : design of procedures and preparation of user instructions.

Installation and operation

Conversion : final system test and conversion.
Operation and maintenance : Month to month operation and maintenance
Post audit : Evaluation of development process,application system and
results of use at the completion of the each phase, formal approval sign-off is required
from the users as well as from the manager of the project development.

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 TESTING
Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error. Testing
is a crucial element of software quality assurance and presents ultimate review of
specification, design and coding.

System Testing is an important phase. Testing represents an interesting anomaly for the
software. Thus a series of testing are performed for the proposed system before the
system is ready for user acceptance testing.

A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as undiscovered
error. A successful test is one that uncovers an as undiscovered error.

Testing Objectives:

1. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error

2. A good test case is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error
3. A successful test is one that uncovers an undiscovered error

Testing Principles:

• All tests should be traceable to end user requirements

• Tests should be planned long before testing begins
• Testing should begin on a small scale and progress towards testing in large
• Exhaustive testing is not possible
• To be most effective testing should be conducted by a independent third party

The primary objective for test case design is to derive a set of tests that has the highest
livelihood for uncovering defects in software. To accomplish this objective two different
categories of test case design techniques are used. They are

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▪ White box testing.

▪ Black box testing.

White-box testing:

White box testing focus on the program control structure. Test cases are derived to
ensure that all statements in the program have been executed at least once during testing
and that all logical conditions have been executed.

Block-box testing:

Black box testing is designed to validate functional requirements without regard to the
internal workings of a program. Black box testing mainly focuses on the information
domain of the software, deriving test cases by partitioning input and output in a manner
that provides through test coverage. Incorrect and missing functions, interface errors,
errors in data structures, error in functional logic are the errors falling in this category.

Testing strategies:

A strategy for software testing must accommodate low-level tests that are
necessary to verify that all small source code segment has been correctly implemented as
well as high-level tests that validate major system functions against customer
requirements.

Testing fundamentals:

Testing is a process of executing program with the intent of finding error. A good
test case is one that has high probability of finding an undiscovered error. If testing is
conducted successfully it uncovers the errors in the software. Testing cannot show the
absence of defects, it can only show that software defects present.

Testing Information flow:

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Information flow for testing flows the pattern. Two class of input provided to test the
process. The software configuration includes a software requirements specification, a
design specification and source code.

Test configuration includes test plan and test cases and test tools. Tests are
conducted and all the results are evaluated. That is test results are compared with
expected results. When erroneous data are uncovered, an error is implied and debugging
commences.

Unit Testing:

Unit testing is essential for the verification of the code produced during the coding
phase and hence the goal is to test the internal logic of the modules. Using the detailed
design description as a guide, important paths are tested to uncover errors with in the
boundary of the modules. These tests were carried out during the programming stage
itself. All units of ViennaSQLwere successfully tested.

Integration testing :

Integration testing focuses on unit tested modules and build the program structure
that is dictated by the design phase.

System testing:

System testing tests the integration of each module in the system. It also tests to
find discrepancies between the system and it’s original objective, current specification
and system documentation. The primary concern is the compatibility of individual
modules. Entire system is working properly or not will be tested here, and specified path
ODBC connection will correct or not, and giving output or not are tested here these
verifications and validations are done by giving input values to the system and by
comparing with expected output. Top-down testing implementing here.
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 Acceptance Testing:

This testing is done to verify the readiness of the system for the implementation.
Acceptance testing begins when the system is complete. Its purpose is to provide the end
user with the confidence that the system is ready for use. It involves planning and
execution of functional tests, performance tests and stress tests in order to demonstrate
that the implemented system satisfies its requirements.

Tools to special importance during acceptance testing include:

Test coverage Analyzer – records the control paths followed for each test case.

Timing Analyzer – also called a profiler, reports the time spent in various regions of the
code are areas to concentrate on to improve system performance.

Coding standards – static analyzers and standard checkers are used to inspect code for
deviations from standards and guidelines.

Test Cases:

Test cases are derived to ensure that all statements in the program have been
executed at least once during testing and that all logical conditions have been executed.
Using White-Box testing methods, the software engineer can drive test cases that

• Guarantee that logical decisions on their true and false sides.

• Exercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides.
• Execute all loops at their boundaries and with in their operational bounds.
• Exercise internal data structure to assure their validity.
The test case specification for system testing has to be submitted for review before
system testing commences.

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 OUTPUT SCREENS
Home Page

Notice Details

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Search Result

Result Details

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Admin Login

Admin Dashboard

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Add Class

Manage Class

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Edit Class

Add Subject

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Manage Subjects

Edit Subject

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Add Subject Class Combination

Manage Subject class Combination

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Add Student

Manage Students

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Edit Students

Add Result

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Manage Results

Edit Result

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Add Notice

Manage Notices

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Admin Change Password

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 CONCLUSION:

The package was designed in such a way that future modifications can be
done easily. The following conclusions can be deduced from the development of the
project.

➢ Automation of the entire system improves the efficiency

➢ It provides a friendly graphical user interface which proves to be better when
compared to the existing system.
➢ It gives appropriate access to the authorized users depending on their
permissions.
➢ It effectively overcomes the delay in communications.
➢ Updating of information becomes so easier.
➢ System security, data security and reliability are the striking features.
➢ The System has adequate scope for modification in future if it is necessary.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following books were referred during the analysis and execution phase of the project

➢ PHP and MySQL Web Development

Book by Luke Welling

➢ Head First PHP & MySQL

Book by Lynn Beighley and Michael Morrison

➢ PHP & MySQL for Dummies

Book by Janet Valade

WEBSITES:

• www.google.com
• www.w3schools.com
• www.tutorialspoint.php
• http://stackoverflow.com

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