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    The document explains what an instrumentation amplifier is, how it operates using op-amps in a circuit, its key characteristics including very low offset and noise and high common mode rejection, and applications where it is used such as in data acquisition and measurements of physical quantities like temperature and humidity.

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    PLC and Scada

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    The document explains what an instrumentation amplifier is, how it operates using op-amps in a circuit, its key characteristics including very low offset and noise and high common mode rejection, and applications where it is used such as in data acquisition and measurements of physical quantities like temperature and humidity.

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    The document explains what an instrumentation amplifier is, how it operates using op-amps in a circuit, its key characteristics including very low offset and noise and high common mode rejection, and applications where it is used such as in data acquisition and measurements of physical quantities like temperature and humidity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views3 pages

    PLC and Scada

    Uploaded by

    absadalimuhd
    The document explains what an instrumentation amplifier is, how it operates using op-amps in a circuit, its key characteristics including very low offset and noise and high common mode rejection, and applications where it is used such as in data acquisition and measurements of physical quantities like temperature and humidity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    QUESTION: EXPLAIN INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER WITH

    CIRCUIT
    Definition

    An instrumentation amplifier (InAmp) is a type of differential amplifier that has been provided
    with input buffer amplifiers, which eliminate the need for input impedance matching and thus
    make the amplifier particularly suitable for use in measurement and test equipment. An
    instrumentation amplifier allows an engineer to adjust the gain of an amplifier circuit without
    having to change more than one resistor value.

    The instrumentation amplifier fabricated on an IC (integrated circuit), is mainly used for


    amplifying a signal. This amplifier comes under the family of the differential amplifier because it
    increases the disparity among two inputs. The main function of this amplifier is to diminish surplus
    noise that is chosen by the circuit. The capacity to refuse noise is familiar to every IC pins which
    are known as the CMRR (common-mode rejection ratio).

    Operation

    The instrumentation amplifier using op-amp circuit is shown below. The op-amps 1 & 2 are non-
    inverting amplifiers and op-amp 3 is a difference amplifier. These three op-amps together, form
    an instrumentation amplifier. Instrumentation amplifier’s final output Vout is the amplified
    difference of the input signals applied to the input terminals of op-amp 3. Let the outputs of op-
    amp 1 and op-amp 2 be V1 and V2 respectively. The gain is expressed by

    𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 2𝑅1 𝑅3
    𝐴𝑣 = = (1 + )
    𝑉2−𝑉1 𝑅𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅4
    Circuit diagram of Instrumentation amplifier

    Characteristics
    An instrumentation amplifier is used to amplify very low-level signals, rejecting noise and
    interference signals. Therefore, the essential characteristics of a good instrumentation amplifier
    are:

    1. very low DC offset


    2. low drift,
    3. low noise
    4. very high open-loop gain,
    5. very high common-mode rejection ratio
    6. very high input impedances to prevent loading

    Applications

    Instrumentation amplifiers are used where great accuracy and stability of the circuit both short-
    and long-term are required. Many industrial and consumer applications require the measurement
    and control of physical conditions. For example, measurements of temperature and humidity inside
    a diary plant to accurately maintain product quality, or precise control of the temperature of a
    plastic furnace to produce a particular grade of plastic, etc.
    These changes in physical conditions must be converted to electrical quantities using transducers,
    and then amplified. Such amplifiers, which are used to amplify signals to measure physical
    quantities are commonly known as Instrumentation Amplifiers.

    The applications of the instrumentation amplifier include the following.


    • data acquisition from small output transducers like thermocouples, strain gauges,
    measurements of Wheatstone bridge, etc.
    • navigation, medical, radar, etc.
    • used to enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in audio applications like audio signals
    with low amplitude.
    • used in RF cable systems for amplification of the high-frequency signal.

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