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Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2024

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced

Subsidiary Level In Physics (WPH12)
Paper 01: Waves and Electricity
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January 2024
Question Paper Log Number P75597A
Publications Code WPH12_01_2401_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2024
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General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide
the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification
may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
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Mark Scheme Notes

Underlying Principle

The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed up by
examples. It is not a set of model answers.

For example:

(iii) Horizontal force of hinge on tabletop

66.3 (N) or 66 (N) and correct indication of direction [no ue] ✓ 1

[Some examples of direction: acting from right (to left) / to the left /
West / opposite direction to horizontal. May show direction by arrow.
Do not accept a minus sign in front of number as direction.]

This has a clear statement of the principle for awarding the mark, supported by some
examples illustrating acceptable boundaries.

1. Mark scheme format

1.1 You will not see ‘wtte’ (words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should be
credited in every answer unless the ms has specified specific words that must be
present. Such words will be indicated by underlining e.g., ‘resonance’
1.2 Bold lower case will be used for emphasis.
1.3 Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. “(hence) distance is
increased”.
1.4 Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not accept
gravity] [ecf].

2. Unit error penalties

2.1 A separate mark is not usually given for a unit, but a missing or incorrect unit will
normally mean that the final calculation mark will not be awarded.
2.2 Incorrect use of case e.g. ‘Watt’ or ‘w’ will not be penalised.
2.3 There will be no unit penalty applied in ‘show that’ questions or in any other
question where the units to be used have been given, for example in a
spreadsheet.
2.4 The same missing or incorrect unit will not be penalised more than once within
one question (one clip in epen).
2.5 Occasionally, it may be decided not to penalise a missing or incorrect unit e.g. the
candidate may be calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not
one that should be known and is complex.
2.6 The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error penalty is to be applied by means of
[no ue].
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3. Significant figures
3.1 Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures in the theory papers will
normally only be penalised in ‘show that’ questions where use of too few
significant figures has resulted in the candidate not demonstrating the validity of
the given answer.
3.2 The use of g = 10 m s-2 or 10 N kg-1 instead of 9.81 m s-2 or 9.81 N kg-1 will be
penalised by one mark (but not more than once per clip). Accept 9.8 m s-2 or 9.8 N
kg-1

4. Calculations
4.1 Bald (i.e., no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a ‘show
that’ question.
4.2 If a ‘show that’ question is worth 2 marks, then both marks will be available for a
reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
4.3 use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of
physically correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g., power of
10 error.
4.4 recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or implied
by substitution.
4.5 The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.
4.6 Example of mark scheme for a calculation:

‘Show that’ calculation of weight.

Use of L × W × H ✓

Substitution into density equation with a volume and density ✓

✓
Correct answer [49.4 (N)] to at least 3 sig fig. [No ue]
[If 5040 g rounded to 5000 g or 5 kg, do not give 3rd mark; if conversion
to kg is omitted and then answer fudged, do not give 3rd mark]
[Bald answer scores 0, reverse calculation 2/3] 3

Example of answer:

80 cm × 50 cm × 1.8 cm = 7200 cm3

7200 cm3 × 0.70 g cm-3 = 5040 g
5040 × 10-3 kg × 9.81 N/kg
= 49.4 N

5. Quality of Written Communication

5.1 Indicated by QoWC in mark scheme. QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a
logical manner using technical wording where appropriate.
5.2 Usually, it is part of a max mark, the final mark not being awarded unless the
QoWC condition has been satisfied.
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6. Graphs
6.1 A mark given for axes requires both axes to be labelled with quantities and units
and drawn the correct way round.
6.2 Sometimes a separate mark will be given for units or for each axis if the units are
complex. This will be indicated on the mark scheme.
6.3 A mark given for choosing a scale requires that the chosen scale allows all points
to be plotted, spreads plotted points over more than half of each axis and is not
an awkward scale e.g., multiples of 3, 7 etc.
6.4 Points should be plotted to within 1 mm.
• Check the two points furthest from the best line. If both OK award mark.
• If either is 2 mm out do not award mark.
• If both are 1 mm out do not award mark.
• If either is 1 mm out then check another two and award mark if both of
these OK, otherwise no mark.

For a line mark there must be a thin continuous line which is the best-fit line for the
candidate’s results.
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Question
Answer
Number
1 A is the correct answer

B is not correct because the light would refract towards the normal
C is not correct because the light moves into a material with a greater refractive index
D is not correct because the light would not be transmitted along the normal

2 C is the correct answer

A is not correct because the number of conduction electrons should increase

B is not correct because the number of conduction electrons should increase and the
resistance should decrease
D is not correct because the resistance should decrease

3 A is the correct answer

B is not correct because this would give the momentum of the electron
1
C is not correct because this gives velocity
1
D is not correct because this would give momentum for the electron

4 C is the correct answer

A is not correct because this describes an energy of 1 J

B is not correct because this describes a current of 1 A
D is not correct because this describes a charge of 1 C

5 D is the correct answer

A is not correct because 0.15 (A) is the current in the 10 Ω resistor.

B is not correct because 0.50 V is the potential difference across the 5 Ω resistor when
the switch is open.
C is not correct because 1.00 V is the potential difference across the 10 Ω resistor
when the switch is open.

6 C is the correct answer

A is not correct because the line should start at the origin.

B is not correct because the line should start at the origin and should not cross the x-
axis
D is not correct because the gradient should be positive

7 D is the correct answer

A is not correct because this gives the time period of the wave.
B is not correct because this gives half the time period of the wave.
C is not correct because the denominator is half the time period.
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8 B is the correct answer 1

A is not correct because doubling d causes the area over which the light is
spread out to quadruple
C is not correct because doubling d causes the area to quadruple and I
already takes into account the area of the sphere over which the light is
spread out
D is not correct because I already takes into account the area of the sphere
over which the light is spread out

9 C is the correct answer 1

A is not correct because 180° - 90° is 90°

B is not correct because 270° - 180° is 90°
D is not correct because 270° - 360° is -90°

10 B is the correct answer 1

A is not correct because E1 should be added to the energy of the photon.

C is not correct because the speed of light should be part of the numerator
and wavelength should be the denominator and E1 should be added to the
energy of the photon.
D is not correct because the speed of light should be part of the numerator
and wavelength should be the denominator.

Question
Answer Mark
Number
11(a) There is a constant phase relationship/difference (1) 1

11(b) (Reflected light) interferes / superposes (with the light from the laser) (1) 1

Total for question 11 2

Question
Answer Mark
Number
12 𝑉 (1)
Use of 𝑅 = 𝐼

∆𝑄
Use of 𝐼 = ∆𝑡 (1)

Time taken = 4.2 s (1)

Or
𝑉2
Use of 𝑃 = 𝑅 (1)
𝑊 𝑊
Use of 𝑃 = 𝑡
and 𝑉 = 𝑄
(1)
Time taken = 4.2 s
(1) 3
Example calculation
8.9 V
𝐼= = 1.19 A
7.5 Ω
5.0 C
∆𝑡 = = 4.20 s
1.19 A

Total for question 12 3

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Question
Answer Mark
Number
13(a) There is little /no refraction
Or There will be little/no change in direction (of light)
Or Incident angle ≈ refracted angle
Or Light (from observers side) is (transmitted and) not reflected (1)

Because there is only a small change in the speed/no change in speed of

light (at the boundary between water and the hydro-beads) (1)
2
13(b)(i) Use of n1 sin θ1= n2 sin θ2 (1)

r = 29° (1) 2

Example of calculation
1 × sin(42°) = 1.38 sin(𝑟)

sin(42°)
𝑟 = sin−1 ( ) = 29°
1.38

13(b)(ii) EITHER
1 (1)
Use of sin C =
𝑛

(1)
C = 46(°)
(1)
Total internal reflection shown on diagram (dependent on MP2)

OR
(1)
Use of 𝑛1 sin𝛳1 = 𝑛2 sin𝛳2

sin𝛳 = 1.06 (which is > 1)

(1)
Total internal reflection shown on diagram (dependent on MP2)
(1) 3

Example of calculation
1
sin(𝐶) =
1.38
1
𝐶 = sin−1 ( ) = 46.4°
1.38
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Total for question 13 7

Question
Answer Mark
Number
14(a) There was no current (in the battery) (1)

So there was no potential difference across the internal resistance (1) 2

14(b) Voltmeter connected across battery and ammeter in series with battery (1)

Variable resistor in series with battery

Or potential divider (1) 2

Example of circuit

14(c)(i) e.m.f. = 8.8 V (1)

Calculates gradient of graph (1)

Internal resistance = 2.2 to 2.4 Ω (1) 3

Example of calculation
(8.8−0) V
r = (3.8−0) A = 2.3 Ω

14(c)(ii) As the current (in the battery) increases, the potential difference across the
internal resistance increases (1)

Until the p.d. across the internal resistance equals the e.m.f. (and current can
no longer increase) (1) 2

Total for question 14 9

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Question
Answer Mark
Number
15(a) Oscillations / vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer
Or Oscillations / vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel
(allow propagation for wave travel) (1) 1

15(b) Shape of wave correct (1)

Node labelled at each end and antinode labelled in the middle

(MP2 dependent on MP1) (1) 2

Example of diagram

15(c) Use of v = fλ (1)

𝑇 (1)
Use of 𝑣 = √𝜇

Use of 𝜇 =
𝑚
[with l = 1.5 m] (1)
𝑙

(1) 4
Mass of string = 3.1 (g), so string B

[Allow reverse working for full marks]

Example of calculation
v = 196 Hz × 0.72 m = 141 m s−1

41 N
𝜇= = 2.06 × 10−3 kg m−1
(141 m s−1 )2

m = 1.5 m × 2.06 × 10−3 kg m−1 = 3.09 × 10−3 kg

Total for question 15 7

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Question
Answer Mark
Number
2
16(a) Use of A = π𝑟 (1)

Use of 𝑅 =
𝜌𝑙 (1)
𝐴

(1) 3
l = 63 m

Example calculation
2
12 × 10−3 m
𝐴=π×( ) = 1.13 × 10−4 m2
2

0.078 Ω × 1.13 × 10−4 m2

𝑙= = 63.0 m
1.4 × 10−7 Ω m

16(b) Use of 𝑊 = 𝑉𝐼𝑡 (1)

W = 1.3 × 108 J (1)

Or
c
Use of 𝐼 =
𝛥𝑄
𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝑉 =
𝑊 (1)
𝛥𝑡 𝑄

W = 1.3 × 108 J (1)

Or
𝑊
Use of 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝑃 = 𝑡
(1)

W = 1.3 × 108 J (1) 2

Example calculation
𝑊 = 1.5 × 108 V × 1.2 × 104 A × 70 × 10−6 s = 1.26 × 108 J

16(c) The copper cable has a lower resistance (because length and diameter are
the same but copper has a lower resistivity) (1)

(With the same p.d.) there is a greater current in the copper cable (1)

Since 𝐼 = 𝑛𝑞𝑣𝐴, it is not possible to say whether the student is correct

Or Since 𝐼 = 𝑛𝑞𝑣𝐴, the student might be correct (1) 3

Total for question 16 8

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Question
Answer Mark
Number
17(a) Each point on a wavefront is (treated as) a source of (secondary) wavelets (1)

these further wave (let)s interfere / superpose (and the resulting waves
predict the shape) (1) 2

*17(b) This question assesses a student’s ability to show a coherent and logically structured
answer with linkages and fully sustained reasoning. Marks are awarded for
indicative content and for how the answer is structured and shows lines of
reasoning. The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for
indicative content.
IC points IC mark Max linkage mark Max final mark
6 4 2 6
5 3 2 5
4 3 1 4
3 2 1 3
2 2 0 2
1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0

The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for structure and lines
of reasoning.
Number of marks awarded for
structure of answer and sustained
line of reasoning
Answer shows a coherent and logical structure
2
with linkages and fully sustained lines of
reasoning demonstrated throughout
Answer is partially structured with some 1
linkages and lines of reasoning
Answer has no linkages between points and is 0
unstructured

Indicative content
IC1 Waves (from each gap) interfere / superpose

IC2 At position A there is no path / phase difference

IC3 So, there is constructive interference (leading to large amplitude

oscillations)

IC4 At position B, the phase difference varies with wavelength

IC5 If there is an odd number of half wavelengths path difference, there

is destructive interference leading to small oscillations
Or If the waves are in antiphase there is destructive interference
leading to small oscillations

IC6 And if there is a whole number of wavelengths path difference there

is constructive interference leading to large oscillations
Or If the waves are in phase there is constructive interference
leading to large oscillations
6
Total for question 17 8
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Question
Answer Mark
Number
18(a)(i) Use of P = VI and V = IR
Or
Use of 𝑃 = 𝐼 2 𝑅 and V = IR (1)

Appropriate algebra to derive 𝑃 =

𝑉2 (1) 2
𝑅

18(a)(ii) EITHER
Their resistance from graph divided by 4 (1)

𝑉2
Use of 𝑃 = 𝑅 (1)
Use of p.d. across battery = 5 × p.d. across R (1)
p.d. across battery = 9.0 – 9.2 V (1)
OR
(1)
Their resistance from graph divided by 4
(1)
Use of 𝑃 = 𝐼 2 𝑅
(1)
Use of 𝑉 = 𝐼(𝑅 + 𝑅𝑡 )
(1) 4
p.d. across battery = 9.0 – 9.2 V

Example calculation
35 Ω
Resistance of R = 4 = 8.75 Ω

𝑉R2
0.38 W =
8.75 Ω

𝑉R = √0.38 W × 8.75 Ω = 1.82 V

𝑉𝐵 = 5 × 1.82 V = 9.1 V

18(b)(i) Number of conduction electrons (per unit volume) increases (1)

So current increases (for the same potential difference and R = V/I) (1) 2

18(b)(ii) (Increased temperature caused) increased lattice/atom/ion vibrations (in the

thermistor and the wire resistor) (1)

This caused an increase in collisions between electrons and the

lattice/ions/atoms (in the thermistor and the wire resistor) (1)

So the resistance of the wire resistor increased (1)

(Because current decreases) total resistance of the circuit must increase (1)

So the increase in the resistance of the wire resistor must be greater than the
decrease in the resistance of the thermistor (1) 5

Total for question 17 13

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Question
Answer Mark
Number
19(a) Substitution into ℎ𝑓 = 𝜙 (1)

Use of 1eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J (1)

Threshold frequency = 4.5 × 1014 Hz (1) 3

Example calculation
𝐸 = 1.86 eV × 1.6 × 10−19 J eV −1 = 2.98 × 10−19 J

2.98 × 10−19 J
𝑓= = 4.49 × 1014 Hz
6.63 × 10−34 J s

19(b) The number of photons (arriving) each second on the cell is the same (1)

(Initially) layer 1 absorbs photons with the greater frequency (of those
emitted by the Sun) (1)

Photons reaching layer 2 have an energy greater than the work function (of
layer 2)
Or
Photons reaching layer 2 have a frequency greater than the threshold
frequency (of layer 2) (1)

One photon interacts with one electron (1)

so, the rate at which electrons are released remains the same (1) 5

19(c) 1 1 1 (1)
Use of 𝑅 = 𝑅 + 𝑅2
T 1

(1)
RT = 0.40 (Ω)

Use of potential divider equation (to determine p.d. across resistor)

Or Use of ε = I(R+r) (to determine current in resistor) (1)
Use of power equation to find power (dissipated in resistor) (1)
P = 5.2 (W) which is less than half of 13 (W) so the suggestion is correct (1) 5
Example calculation
1
𝑅internal = = 0.40 Ω
1 1
+
0.80 Ω 0.8 Ω
5.0 V × 4.0 Ω
𝑉= = 4.55 V
4.0 Ω + 0.4 Ω

5.0 V
𝐼= = 1.14 A
4.0 Ω + 0.40 Ω

P = 4.55 V × 1.14 A = 5.19 W

Total for question 19 13

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