Derivadas

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Derivadas

Ilustración gráfica

Definición

𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 𝐿𝑖𝑚ℎ→0

Tabla básica

𝒇(𝒙) 𝒇´ (𝒙)
Constante 0
𝑥 1
𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑅 − {0} 𝑛 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑓𝑛 𝑛 ∙ 𝑓 ´ ∙ 𝑓 𝑛−1
𝑎𝑓 𝑎 𝑓 ∙ 𝑓 ´ ∙ ln(𝑎)
1 ´ 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑓 ∙𝑓 ∙
𝑓 ln(𝑎)

Ejercicios:
3
1) Si 𝑓(𝑥) = 12 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 , entonces 𝑓 ´ es:
1
A) −1 + 3
√𝑥
1
B) −1 + 3
3 √𝑥
1
C) 1 + 3
3 √𝑥 2
1
D) −1 + 3
3 √𝑥 2

3
𝑓(𝑥) = 12 − 𝑥 + √𝑥
𝟏
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑥 𝑛 → 𝑛 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛−1

1 1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 0 − 1 + 𝑥 3−1
3
1 2
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = −1 + 𝑥 −3
3
1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = −1 + 2
3𝑥 3
𝟏
𝒇´ (𝒙) = −𝟏 + 𝟑
𝟑√𝒙𝟐

2) Si 𝑓(𝑥) = (5 − 𝑥 2 )6 , entonces 𝑓 ´ es:


A) −6𝑥(5 − 𝑥 2 )5
B) 12𝑥(5 − 𝑥 2 )5
C) −12𝑥(5 − 𝑥 2 )5
D) 6𝑥(5 − 𝑥 2 )5

𝑓(𝑥) = (5 − 𝑥 2 )6

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑓 𝑛 → 𝑛 ∙ 𝑓 ´ ∙ 𝑓 𝑛−1

𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 6 ∙ (5 − 𝑥 2 )´ (5 − 𝑥 2 )6−1

𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 6 ∙ (0 − 2𝑥)´ (5 − 𝑥 2 )5
𝟓
𝒇´ (𝒙) = −𝟏𝟐𝒙(𝟓 − 𝒙𝟐 )

3) Si 𝑓(𝑥) = 3√𝑥 , entonces 𝑓 ´ es:


3√𝑥 ln(3)
A)
2√𝑥
3√𝑥 ln(3)
B)
√𝑥
3√𝑥
C) 2√𝑥
3√𝑥
D)
√𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = 3√𝑥

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑎 𝑓 → 𝑎 𝑓 ∙ 𝑓 ´ ∙ ln(𝑎)
´
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 3√𝑥 ∙ (√𝑥) ∙ ln(3)

´ 1 ´ 1 1 1 1 1 1
(√𝑥) = (𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 −1 = 𝑥 −2 = 1 =
2 2
2𝑥 2 2√𝑥
1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 3√𝑥 ∙ ∙ ln(3)
2√𝑥
´ (𝒙)
𝟑√𝒙 𝐥𝐧(𝟑)
𝒇 =
𝟐√𝒙

4) Si 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (3 − 𝑥 3 ) , entonces 𝑓 ´ es:


𝑥2
A) (𝑥 3 −3)ln(3)
3𝑥 2
B) (3−𝑥 3 )ln(3)
3𝑥 2
C) − (𝑥 3 −3)ln(3)
3𝑥 2
D) (𝑥 3 −3)ln(3)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (3 − 𝑥 3 )

1 ´ 1
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎: 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑓 → ∙𝑓 ∙
𝑓 ln(𝑎)

1 1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 3
∙ (3 − 𝑥 3 )´ ∙
3−𝑥 ln(3)

1 1
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = 3
∙ (−3𝑥 2 ) ∙
3−𝑥 ln(3)

−3𝑥 2 𝟑𝒙𝟐
𝑓 ´ (𝑥) = =
(3 − 𝑥 3 )ln(3) (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑)𝐥𝐧(𝟑)

Teorema del producto de derivadas

ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥) → ℎ´ (𝑥) = 𝑓 ´ 𝑔 + 𝑓𝑔´

Teorema del cociente de derivadas

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ´ 𝑔 − 𝑓𝑔´
ℎ(𝑥) = → ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔2
5) Si ℎ(𝑥) = √𝑥(𝑥 + 1)3 , entonces ℎ´ es:
(𝑥+1)(7𝑥+1)
A)
√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (7𝑥+1)
B)
√𝑥
(𝑥+1)(7𝑥+1)
C)
2√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (7𝑥+1)
D)
2√𝑥

1
𝑓: √𝑥 → 𝑓 ´:
2√𝑥

𝑔: (𝑥 + 1)3 → 𝑔´ : 3(𝑥 + 1)′(𝑥 + 1)3−1 = 3(𝑥 + 1)2

𝒉´ (𝒙) = 𝒇´ 𝒈 + 𝒇𝒈´

1
ℎ´ (𝑥) = ( ) (𝑥 + 1)3 + √𝑥 [3(𝑥 + 1)2 ]
2√𝑥

(𝑥 + 1)3
ℎ´ (𝑥) = + 3√𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)2
2√𝑥

𝑥+1
ℎ´ (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 [ + 3√𝑥]
2√𝑥

𝑥 + 1 + 6𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 [ ]
2√𝑥
7𝑥 + 1
ℎ´ (𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 [ ]
2√𝑥

(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝒉´ (𝒙) =
𝟐√𝒙
(𝑥+1)3
6) Si ℎ(𝑥) = , entonces ℎ´ es:
√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (1−5𝑥)
A) 2𝑥√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (5𝑥−1)
B) 2𝑥√𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (5𝑥−1)
C) 𝑥 √𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (1−5𝑥)
D) 𝑥 √𝑥

𝑓: (𝑥 + 1)3 → 𝑓 ´ : 3(𝑥 + 1)′(𝑥 + 1)3−1 = 3(𝑥 + 1)2

1
𝑔: √𝑥 → 𝑔´ :
2√𝑥

𝒇´ 𝒈 − 𝒇𝒈´
𝒉´ (𝒙) =
𝒈𝟐

1
3(𝑥 + 1)2 √𝑥 − (𝑥 + 1)3
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) = 2
(√𝑥)

1
(𝑥 + 1)2 [3√𝑥 − (𝑥 + 1) ]
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑥
6𝑥 − (𝑥 + 1)
(𝑥 + 1)2 [ ]
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑥
6𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
(𝑥 + 1)2 [ ]
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑥

(𝑥 + 1)2 (5𝑥 − 1)
2√𝑥
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
𝑥

(𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟐 (𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝒉´ (𝒙) =
𝟐𝒙√𝒙
𝒇(𝒙) ′
17. Si 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 y 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟓−𝟐+𝒙 entonces ( ) es:
𝒈(𝒙)
𝑥 3 [3−𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
A) 52(𝑥−2)
𝑥 2 [3−𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
B) 52(𝑥−2)
𝑥 3 [3−𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
C) 5𝑥−2
𝑥 2 [3−𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
D) 5𝑥−2

𝑓: 𝑥 3 → 𝑓 ´ : 3𝑥 3−1 = 3𝑥 2

𝑔: 5𝑥−2 → 𝑔´ : 5𝑥−2 ∙ (𝑥 − 2)´ ln(5) = 5𝑥−2 ln(5)

´ (𝒙)
𝒇´ 𝒈 − 𝒇𝒈´
𝒉 =
𝒈𝟐

3𝑥 2 5𝑥−2 − 𝑥 3 5𝑥−2 ln(5)


ℎ´ (𝑥) =
(5𝑥−2 )2

𝑥 2 5𝑥−2 [3 − 𝑥𝑙𝑛(5)]
ℎ´ (𝑥) =
(5𝑥−2 )2

𝒙𝟐 [𝟑 − 𝒙𝒍𝒏(𝟓)]
𝒉´ (𝒙) =
𝟓𝒙−𝟐

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