Article III - Bill of Rights

ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS Section 5.
No law shall be made respecting

an establishment of religion, or prohibiting
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of the free exercise thereof. The free exercise
life, liberty, or property without due process and enjoyment of religious profession and
of law, nor shall any person be denied the worship, without discrimination or
equal protection of the laws. preference, shall forever be allowed. No
religious test shall be required for the
exercise of civil or political rights.
Section 2. The right of the people to be
secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
effects against unreasonable searches and Section 6. The liberty of abode and of
seizures of whatever nature and for any changing the same within the limits
purpose shall be inviolable, and no search prescribed by law shall not be impaired
warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon lawful order of the court.
except upon probable cause to be Neither shall the right to travel be impaired
determined personally by the judge after except in the interest of national security,
examination under oath or affirmation of the public safety, or public health, as may be
complainant and the witnesses he may provided by law.
produce, and particularly describing the
place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized. Section 7. The right of the people to
information on matters of public concern
shall be recognized. Access to official
Section 3. records, and to documents and papers
(1) The privacy of communication pertaining to official acts, transactions, or
and correspondence shall be inviolable decisions, as well as to government research
except upon lawful order of the court, or data used as basis for policy development,
when public safety or order requires shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such
otherwise, as prescribed by law. limitations as may be provided by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in

violation of this or the preceding section Section 8. The right of the people, including
shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any those employed in the public and private
proceeding. sectors, to form unions, associations, or
societies for purposes not contrary to law
shall not be abridged.
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging
the freedom of speech, of expression, or of
the press, or the right of the people Section 9. Private property shall not be
peaceably to assemble and petition the taken for public use without just
government for redress of grievances. compensation.
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable
of contracts shall be passed. by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as may be provided by law.
The right to bail shall not be impaired even
Section 11. Free access to the courts and when the privilege of the writ of habeas
quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not
assistance shall not be denied to any person be required.
by reason of poverty.
Section 14.
Section 12.
(1) No person shall be held to answer
(1) Any person under investigation for a criminal offense without due process of
for the commission of an offense shall have law.
the right to be informed of his right to
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the
remain silent and to have competent and
accused shall be presumed innocent until the
independent counsel preferably of his own
contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right
choice. If the person cannot afford the
to be heard by himself and counsel, to be
services of counsel, he must be provided
informed of the nature and cause of the
with one. These rights cannot be waived
accusation against him, to have a speedy,
except in writing and in the presence of
impartial, and public trial, to meet the
counsel.
witnesses face to face, and to have
(2) No torture, force, violence, compulsory process to secure the attendance
threat, intimidation, or any other means of witnesses and the production of evidence
which vitiate the free will shall be used in his behalf. However, after arraignment,
against him. Secret detention places, trial may proceed notwithstanding the
solitary, incommunicado, or other similar absence of the accused: Provided, that he
forms of detention are prohibited. has been duly notified and his failure to
appear is unjustifiable.
(3) Any confession or admission
obtained in violation of this or Section 17
hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of
against him.
habeas corpus shall not be suspended except
(4) The law shall provide for penal in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the
and civil sanctions for violations of this public safety requires it.
section as well as compensation to the
rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar
practices, and their families. Section 16. All persons shall have the right
to a speedy disposition of their cases before
all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative
Section 13. All persons, except those bodies.
charged with offenses punishable by
reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is
Section 17. No person shall be compelled to Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of
be a witness against himself. attainder shall be enacted.
Section 18.
(1) No person shall be detained
solely by reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any
form shall exist except as a punishment for a
crime whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted.
Section 19.
(1) Excessive fines shall not be
imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman
punishment inflicted. Neither shall death
penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling
reasons involving heinous crimes, the
Congress hereafter provides for it. Any
death penalty already imposed shall be
reduced to reclusion perpetua.
(2) The employment of physical,
psychological, or degrading punishment
against any prisoner or detainee or the use of
substandard or inadequate penal facilities
under subhuman conditions shall be dealt
with by law.
Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned

for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 21. No person shall be twice put in

jeopardy of punishment for the same
offense. If an act is punished by a law and
an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under
either shall constitute a bar to another
prosecution for the same act.

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ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS Section 5.

No law shall be made respecting

(2) Any evidence obtained in

Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in

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