Article III – BILL OF RIGHTS of the court.

of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be (3) Any confession or admission obtained in Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be
impaired except in the interest of national violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be a witness against himself.
security, public safety, or public health, as may inadmissible in evidence against him.
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, be provided by law.
Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained
liberty, or property without due process of law, (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil solely by reason of his political beliefs and
nor shall any person be denied the equal Section 7. The right of the people to sanctions for violations of this section as well aspirations.
protection of the laws. information on matters of public concern shall as compensation to and rehabilitation of
be recognized. Access to official records, and to victims of torture or similar practices, and their
documents and papers pertaining to official families. (2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure exist except as a punishment for a crime
in their persons, houses, papers, and effects acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to
government research data used as basis for whereof the party shall have been duly
against unreasonable searches and seizures of Section 13. All persons, except those charged convicted.
whatever nature and for any purpose shall be policy development, shall be afforded the
citizen, subject to such limitations as may be with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua
inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before
arrest shall issue except upon probable cause provided by law. Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be
conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or
to be determined personally by the judge after be released on recognizance as may be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman
examination under oath or affirmation of the Section 8. The right of the people, including provided by law. The right to bail shall not be punishment inflicted. Neither shall the death
complainant and the witnesses he may those employed in the public and private impaired even when the privilege of the writ of penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling
produce, and particularly describing the place sectors, to form unions, associations, or habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress
to be searched and the persons or things to be societies for purposes not contrary to law shall shall not be required. hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
seized. not be abridged. already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion
perpetua.
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication Section 9. Private property shall not be taken answer for a criminal offense without due
and correspondence shall be inviolable except for public use without just compensation. process of law. (2) The employment of physical, psychological,
upon lawful order of the court, or when public or degrading punishment against any prisoner
safety or order requires otherwise, as or detainee or the use of substandard or
prescribed by law. Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of (2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused inadequate penal facilities under subhuman
contracts shall be passed. shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is conditions shall be dealt with by law.
proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or by himself and counsel, to be informed of the
the preceding section shall be inadmissible for Section 11. Free access to the courts and nature and cause of the accusation against Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for
any purpose in any proceeding. quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
assistance shall not be denied to any person by trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to
reason of poverty. have compulsory process to secure the
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the Section 21. No person shall be twice put in
freedom of speech, of expression, or of the attendance of witnesses and the production of jeopardy of punishment for the same offense.
press, or the right of the people peaceably to Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation evidence in his behalf. However, after If an act is punished by a law and an
assemble and petition the government for for the commission of an offense shall have the arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either
redress of grievances. right to be informed of his right to remain the absence of the accused provided that he shall constitute a bar to another prosecution
silent and to have competent and independent has been duly notified and his failure to appear for the same act.
counsel preferably of his own choice. If the is unjustifiable.
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an person cannot afford the services of counsel,
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the he must be provided with one. These rights Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas attainder shall be enacted.
free exercise thereof. The free exercise and cannot be waived except in writing and in the
enjoyment of religious profession and worship, corpus shall not be suspended except in cases
presence of counsel. of invasion or rebellion when the public safety
without discrimination or preference, shall
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be requires it.
required for the exercise of civil or political (2) No torture, force, violence, threat,
rights. intimidation, or any other means which vitiate Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a
the free will shall be used against him. Secret speedy disposition of their cases before all
detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing other similar forms of detention are prohibited.
the same within the limits prescribed by law
shall not be impaired except upon lawful order