PowerPoint Presentation Water Injection

Under supervision \ Dr. Prof.
Waleed Elazab
Student name \ Ahmed mohamed mostafa gawish
 oil recovery systems

 Primary Recovery
Natural Flow:  Artificial Lift:
• Oil is produced using the natural • When the natural reservoir
energy of the reservoir.
pressure declines artificial
 Natural reservoir energy lift mechanisms such as
sources mechanical pumps (ESP-
• Rock and fluid expansion PCP-Beam pump) or gas
• Solution gas drive assist systems (Gas lift –
• Gravity drainage Plunger lift) are employed to
• Water influx bring oil to the surface.
 Secondary Recovery
The second stage of hydrocarbon production during which an external fluid is
injected into the reservoir. methods of secondary recovery :
 Water Flooding:  Gas Injection:

• This is the most common secondary • Natural gas injected into the
recovery method. Water is injected reservoir through injector wells
into the reservoir through injector to maintain reservoir pressure
wells to maintain pressure and and displace oil towards
displace oil towards production wells. production wells.
 Water Sources
 Produced Water:
It is water that comes up along with oil and gas during production
 Surface Water:
Freshwater from lakes, rivers, or oceans.
 Aquifer Water:
Groundwater extracted from underground formations.
 Wastewater:
Treated wastewater from municipal or industrial sources.
 Mixed Sources:
Combining different water sources like produced water with treated surface water.
 Water flooding - Process Overview

• Water Treatment: The
water is often treated to
remove impurities and adjust
its properties to ensure
compatibility with the
reservoir fluids.
Displacement: injected water • Injection: Treated water is

moves through the reservoir, it then injected into the
displaces the oil by pushing it reservoir through the injection
towards production wells. This wells at high pressure. The
process helps maintain reservoir injected water displaces the
pressure and improves sweep oil, pushing it towards
efficiency. production wells.
 Types of Water Flooding Patterns
• Water flooding begins with the drilling of injection wells or converting
existing production wells into injectors. Water injection wells are
strategically placed throughout the reservoir in a specific geometric pattern.
Common patterns include:
• Peripheral Flooding: The injection wells are located

surrounded of the reservoir and water is injected around the
perimeter of the reservoir, forcing oil inwards towards centrally
located production wells.
• Two -Spot Pattern: This is pattern with one production well

and one water injection well.
• Four -Spot Pattern: This is pattern with one water injection well
surrounded by three production well .
• Five -Spot Pattern:

This is pattern with one water injection well surrounded by four
production well .
• Seven -Spot Pattern:

This is pattern with one water injection well surrounded by six
production well .
• Line Drive Pattern:

Water injection wells are placed in parallel lines alternating with
production wells in a single row.
 Water flooding - Benefits
Oil
• Water flooding helps sweep oil towards production
wells improving recovery efficiency.
• Injection of water helps maintain reservoir pressure

which can delay natural pressure decline and improve
overall recovery.
• Water flooding is often economically viable compared
Water
to other enhanced oil recovery methods due to its
relatively low cost and proven effectiveness.
 Tertiary Recovery (Enhanced Oil

Recovery - EOR)
• EOR techniques aim to further increase oil recovery beyond primary
and secondary methods by altering reservoir conditions or fluid
properties.
 EOR - Thermal Methods (conventional)
 Steam Injection:  Combustion:

Steam is injected into the reservoir to air or oxygen is injected into the
heat the oil, reducing its viscosity and reservoir to initiate combustion of the
improving its flow properties, thus oil generating heat and creating a
making it easier to recover and it have displacement effect to push the oil
two types soaks and drives. towards production wells and it have
two types forward and reverse.
 Non-Thermal Methods (conventional)

• Chemical Flooding: Chemicals such as surfactants, polymers, or alkalis
are injected into the reservoir to alter the properties of the oil and
improve its flow characteristics.
 Non-Thermal Methods (conventional)
• Gas Immiscible Injection: • Gas Miscible Injection:
Immiscible gases such as nitrogen Miscible gases such as carbon dioxide
or natural gas are injected into the (CO2) or hydrocarbon gases are injected
reservoir to create a gas cap, into the reservoir to mix with the oil,
expanding and pushing the oil reducing its viscosity and improving
towards production wells. displacement.
 EOR- Unconventional Methods

• Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR): Microorganisms are
introduced into the reservoir to alter the properties of the oil and improve
recovery. Microbes can change the viscosity of the oil, produce surfactants
to reduce interfacial tension, or generate gases to enhance displacement.

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Under supervision \ Dr. Prof.

Student name \ Ahmed mohamed mostafa gawish

 oil recovery systems

 Water Flooding:  Gas Injection:

 Water flooding - Process Overview

Displacement: injected water • Injection: Treated water is

• Peripheral Flooding: The injection wells are located

• Two -Spot Pattern: This is pattern with one production well

• Five -Spot Pattern:

• Seven -Spot Pattern:

• Line Drive Pattern:

• Injection of water helps maintain reservoir pressure

• Water flooding is often economically viable compared

 Tertiary Recovery (Enhanced Oil

 Steam Injection:  Combustion:

 Non-Thermal Methods (conventional)

 EOR- Unconventional Methods

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