EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE

MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
General Description Features
The MAX1758 is a switch-mode lithium-ion (Li+) battery o Stand-Alone Charger for Up to 4 Li+ Batteries
charger that charges one-to-four cells. It provides a reg-
ulated charging current accurate to ±10% and a regu- o ±0.8% Battery Regulation Voltage Accuracy
lated voltage with only a ±0.8% total voltage error at the o Low-Dropout 98% Duty Cycle
battery terminals. The internal high-side switch delivers o Safely Precharges Near-Dead Cells
a programmable current of up to 1.5A to charge the bat-
tery. The built-in safety timer automatically terminates o Continuous Voltage and Temperature Monitoring
charging once the adjustable time limit has been o 0.1µA Shutdown Battery Current
reached.
o Input Voltage Up to 28V
The MAX1758 regulates the voltage set point and
charging current using two loops that work together to o Up to 1.5A Programmable Charge Current
transition smoothly between voltage and current regula- o Safety Timer Prevents Overcharging
tion. An additional control loop monitors the total cur-
rent drawn from the input source (charging + system), o Input Current Limiting
and automatically reduces battery-charging current, o Space-Saving 28-Pin SSOP
preventing overload of the input supply and allowing
the use of a low-cost wall adapter. o 300kHz PWM Oscillator Reduces Noise
The per-cell battery regulation voltage is set between
4.0V and 4.4V using standard 1% resistors. The num- Ordering Information
ber of cells is set from 1-to-4 by pin strapping. Battery
temperature is monitored by an external thermistor to PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
prevent charging outside the acceptable temperature MAX1758EAI -40°C to +85°C 28 SSOP
range.
The MAX1758 is available in a space-saving 28-pin Typical Operating Circuit
SSOP package. Use the MAX1758EVKIT to help reduce
design time. For a stand-alone charger with a 14V
switch, refer to the MAX1757 data sheet. For a charger VIN
6V TO 28V
controller capable of up to 4A charging current, refer to DCIN CSSP
the MAX1737 data sheet. CSSN
SYSTEM
LOAD
REF
________________________Applications HSD

MAX1758 LX
Li+ Battery Packs Hand-Held Instruments
Notebook Computers Desktop Cradle Chargers ISETOUT BST

VL

Pin Configuration ISETIN

PGND
TOP VIEW
CELL CS

VL 1 28 DCIN
VADJ
ISETIN 2 27 CSSP
BATT
ISETOUT 3 26 CSSN
THM
THM 4 25 CCV

REF 5 24 CCI CCS Li+ BATTERY

MAX1758 THERM 1 TO 4 CELLS
GND 6 23 CCS
CCI
VADJ 7 22 BST

BATT 8 21 CS

HSD 9 20 LX CCV FASTCHG

HSD 10 19 LX
TIMER1 FULLCHG
CELL 11 18 PGND

TIMER1 12 17 SHDN TIMER2 FAULT

TIMER2 13 16 FULLCHG ON
OFF SHDN
FAULT 14 15 FASTCHG GND

SSOP

For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct
at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maximintegrated.com. 19-1752; Rev 1; 1/01
MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DCIN, CSSP, CSSN, HSD to GND..........................-0.3V to +30V CS to BATT Current ............................................................±3.5A
CSSP to CSSN.......................................................-0.6V to +0.6V PGND to GND .......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
BST to GND ............................................................-0.3V to +36V VL Source Current...............................................................50mA
BST to LX..................................................................-0.3V to +6V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
LX to PGND ..............................................-0.6V to (VHSD + 0.3V) 28-Pin SSOP (derate 9.5mW/°C above +70°C) ...........762mW
VL, SHDN, ISETIN, ISETOUT, REF, VADJ, CELL, TIMER1, Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
TIMER2, CCI, CCS, CCV, THM to GND ................-0.3V to +6V Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
FASTCHG, FULLCHG, FAULT to GND ..................-0.3V to +30V Storage Temperature.........................................-65°C to +150°C
BATT, CS to GND ...................................................-0.3V to +20V Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Circuit of Figure 1, VDCIN = VHSD = VCSSP = VCSSN = 18V, V SHDN = VVL, VCELL = GND, VBATT = VCS = 4.2V, VVADJ = VREF / 2,
VISETIN = VISETOUT = VREF, RTHM = 10kΩ, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
SUPPLY AND REFERENCE
DCIN Input Voltage Range 6 28 V
DCIN Quiescent Supply Current 6V < VDCIN < 28V 5 7 mA
DCIN to BATT Dropout
Falling edge 0.075 0.125 0.175 V
Threshold, DCIN Falling
DCIN to BATT Dropout
Rising edge 0.20 0.30 0.40 V
Threshold, DCIN Rising
VL Output Voltage 6V < VDCIN < 28V 5.10 5.40 5.70 V
VL Output Load Regulation IVL = 0 to 15mA 44 65 mV
REF Output Voltage VREF 6V < VDCIN < 28V 4.179 4.20 4.221 V
REF Line Regulation 6V < VDCIN < 28V 2 6 mV
REF Load Regulation IREF = 0 to 1mA 6 14 mV
SWITCHING REGULATOR
PWM Oscillator Frequency fOSC Nondropout fOSC 270 300 330 kHz
LX Maximum Duty Cycle In-dropout, fOSC / 4 97 98 %
CSSN/CSSP Off-State Leakage VCSSN = VCSSP = VDCIN = 28V, V SHDN = GND 2 10 µA
VLX = PGND, VHSD = VDCIN = 28V,
HSD Off-State Leakage 0.1 10 µA
V SHDN = GND
LX Off-State Leakage VLX = VHSD = VDCIN =28V, V SHDN = GND 0.1 10 µA
HSD to LX On-Resistance VBST = VLX + 4.5V 260 450 mΩ
LX to PGND On-Resistance See PWM Controller section 1 2 Ω
CS to BATT Current-Sensing Internal resistor between CS and BATT,
RCS 110 170 mΩ
Resistance 1.5A RMS operating
V SHDN = GND, VBATT = 19V 0.1 5 µA
BATT, CS Input Current CELL = REF, VBATT = 15V, any charging state 280 540 µA
VBATT = 18V, done state 150 270 µA

2 Maxim Integrated
 MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 1, VDCIN = VHSD = VCSSP = VCSSN = 18V, V SHDN = VVL, VCELL = GND, VBATT = VCS = 4.2V, VVADJ = VREF / 2,
VISETIN = VISETOUT = VREF, RTHM = 10kΩ, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
CS to BATT Hard Current Limit Instantaneous peak current limit 2.4 2.7 3.0 A
BATT, CS Input Voltage Range 0 19 V
VOLTAGE LIMIT ACCURACY
Battery Regulation Voltage VBATTR CELL = float, GND, VL, or REF 4.167 4.2 4.233 V/cell
Not including VADJ resistor tolerances -0.8 0.8
Absolute Voltage Accuracy %
With 1% VADJ resistors -1 1
BATT Regulation Voltage VADJ = GND 3.948 3.979 4.010
V/cell
Adjustment Range VADJ = REF 4.386 4.421 4.453
ERROR AMPLIFIERS
CCV Amplifier mS ×
VCCV = 2V 0.4 0.7 1.0
Transconductance cells
CCV Amplifier Maximum Output
VCCV = 2V ±50 µA
Current
BATT Full-Scale Charge Current 1.35 1.5 1.65 A
BATT 1/10-Scale Charge
VISETOUT = VREF / 10 100 150 200 mA
Current (Note 1)
BATT Charge Current in
VBATT < 2.4V per cell 100 150 200 mA
Prequalification State
CCI Battery Current Sense Gain VCCI = 2V 60 130 240 µA/A
CCI Amplifier Maximum Output
VCCI = 2V ±100 µA
Current
CSSP to CSSN Full-Scale
90 100 115 mV
Current-Sense Voltage
CSSP to CSSN 1/10-Scale
VISETIN = VREF / 10 5 10 15 mV
Current-Sense Voltage
CCS Amplifier Transconductance VCCS = 2V 1.0 2.0 3.0 mS
CCS Amplifier Maximum Output
VCCS = 2V ±100 µA
Current
CCI, CCS Clamp Voltage with
25 200 mV
Respect to CCV
CCV Clamp Voltage with
25 200 mV
Respect to CCI, CCS
STATE MACHINE
THM Trip Threshold Voltage VTRT THM low-temp or high-temp current 1.386 1.40 1.414 V
THM Low-Temp Current ITLTC VTHM = 1.4V 46.2 49 51.5 µA
THM High-Temp Current ITHTC VTHM = 1.4V 344 353 362 µA
THM COLD Threshold Combines THM low-temp current and THM
26.92 28.70 30.59 kΩ
Resistance (Note 2) threshold, VTRT / ITLTC
THM HOT Threshold Resistance Combines THM high-temp current and THM
3.819 3.964 4.115 kΩ
(Note 2) threshold, VTRT / ITHTC

Maxim Integrated 3
MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 1, VDCIN = VHSD = VCSSP = VCSSN = 18V, V SHDN = VVL, VCELL = GND, VBATT = VCS = 4.2V, VVADJ = VREF / 2,
VISETIN = VISETOUT = VREF, RTHM = 10kΩ, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
BATT Undervoltage Threshold
2.4 2.5 2.6 V/cell
(Note 3)
BATT Overvoltage Threshold
4.55 4.67 4.8 V/cell
(Note 4)
FULLCHG BATT Current
250 330 400 mA
Termination Threshold (Note 5)
% of
BATT Recharge Voltage
94 95 96 VBATTR
Threshold (Note 6)
x cell
TIMER1 and TIMER2
2.1 2.33 2.6 kHz
Oscillation Frequency
Prequalification Timer 6.25 7.5 8.75 min
Fast-Charge Timer 81 90 100 min
Full-Charge Timer 81 90 100 min
Top-Off Timer 40.5 45 49.8 min
Temperature Measurement
0.98 1.12 1.32 Hz
Frequency
CONTROL INPUTS/OUTPUTS
SHDN Input Voltage High VIH 1.4 V

SHDN Input Voltage Low VIL 0.6 V

VADJ, ISETIN, ISETOUT Input

0 VREF V
Voltage Range
VADJ, ISETIN, ISETOUT Input
VVADJ, VISETIN, VISETOUT = 0 or 4.2V -50 50 nA
Bias Current
SHDN Input Bias Current V SHDN = 0 or VVL -1 1 µA
CELL Input Bias Current VCELL = 0 or VVL -5 5 µA
ISETOUT Shutdown Threshold
150 220 300 mV
Voltage (Note 3)
For 1 cell 0 0.5
For 2 cells (floating) 1.5 2.5
CELL Input Voltage V
For 3 cells VREF - 0.3 VREF + 0.3
For 4 cells VVL - 0.4 VVL

4 Maxim Integrated
 MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 1, VDCIN = VHSD = VCSSP = VCSSN = 18V, V SHDN = VVL, VCELL = GND, VBATT = VCS = 4.2V, VVADJ = VREF / 2,
VISETIN = VISETOUT = VREF, RTHM = 10kΩ, TA = 0°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
FASTCHG, FULLCHG, FAULT
VOL ISINK = 5mA 0.5 V
Output Low Voltage
FASTCHG, FULLCHG, FAULT V FASTCHG, V FULLCHG, V FAULT = 28V,
1 µA
Output High Leakage V SHDN = GND

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Circuit of Figure 1, VDCIN = VHSD = VCSSP = VCSSN = 18V, V SHDN = VVL, VCELL = GND, VBATT = VCS = 4.2V, VVADJ = VREF / 2,
VISETIN = VISETOUT = VREF, RTHM = 10kΩ, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 7)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
SUPPLY AND REFERENCE
DCIN Input Voltage Range 6 28 V
VL Output Voltage 5.1 5.7 V
REF Output Voltage 6V < VDCIN < 28V 4.166 4.242 V
REF Line Regulation 6V < VDCIN < 28V 6 mV
SWITCHING REGULATOR
PWM Oscillator Frequency fOSC Nondropout fOSC 260 340 kHz
HSD to LX On-Resistance VBST = VLX + 4.5V 450 mΩ
LX to PGND On-Resistance 2 Ω
CS to BATT Hard Current Limit Instantaneous peak current limit 2.2 3.2 A
BATT, CS Input Voltage Range 0 19 V
ACCURACY AND ERROR AMPLIFIERS
Not including VADJ resistor tolerances -0.8 0.8
Absolute Voltage Accuracy %
With 1% VADJ resistors -1 1
BATT Regulation Voltage CELL = float, GND, VL, or REF 4.158 4.242 V/cell
BATT Full-Scale Charge Current 1.3 1.7 A
BATT 1/10-Scale Charge
VSETOUT = VREF / 10 100 200 mA
Current (Note 1)
BATT Charge Current in
VBATT < 2.4V per cell 100 200 mA
Prequalification State
CSSP to CSSN Full-Scale
85 115 mV
Current-Sense Voltage
CSSP to CSSN 1/10-Scale
VSETIN = VREF / 10 5 15 mV
Current-Sense Voltage
STATE MACHINE
THM Trip Threshold Voltage VTRT THM low - temp or high-temp current 1.386 1.414 V
THM Low-Temp Current ITLTC VTHM = 1.4V 46.2 51.5 µA

Maxim Integrated 5
MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 1, VDCIN = VHSD = VCSSP = VCSSN = 18V, V SHDN = VVL, VCELL = GND, VBATT = VCS = 4.2V, VVADJ = VREF / 2,
VISETIN = VISETOUT = VREF, RTHM = 10kΩ, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 7)

PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

BATT Undervoltage Threshold
2.4 2.6 V/cell
(Note 3)
BATT Overvoltage Threshold
4.55 4.8 V/cell
(Note 4)
FULLCHG BATT Current
250 400 mA
Termination Threshold (Note 5)
Temperature Measurement
0.93 1.37 Hz
Frequency
CONTROL INPUTS/OUTPUTS
SHDN Input Voltage High VIH 1.4 V

SHDN Input Voltage Low VIL 0.6 V

Note 1: When VISETOUT = 0, battery charger turns off.

Note 2: See Thermistor section.
Note 3: Below this threshold, charger reverts to a prequalification mode with IBATT reduced to 10% of full scale.
Note 4: Above this threshold, charger is disabled.
Note 5: After full-charge state is complete and peak inductor current falls below this threshold, FULLCHG output switches high.
Battery charging continues until top-off timeout occurs. See Table 1.
Note 6: After charging is complete, when BATT voltage falls below this threshold, a new charging cycle is initiated.
Note 7: Specifications to -40°C are guaranteed by design, not production tested.

6 Maxim Integrated
 MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
Typical Operating Characteristics
(Circuit of Figure 1, VDCIN = 18V, V SHDN = VVL, VCELL = GND, VVADJ = VREF/2, VISETIN = VISETOUT = VREF, TA = +25°C, unless oth-
erwise noted.)

BATTERY VOLTAGE CHARGING CURRENT INPUT CURRENT-SENSE REGULATION

vs. CHARGING CURRENT vs. ISETOUT VOLTAGE VOLTAGE vs. ISETIN VOLTAGE
4.5 1.6 120
MAX1758 TOC01

MAX1758 TOC03
MAX1758 TOC02

INPUT CURRENT-SENSE VOLTAGE (mV)

4.0 1.4
100
3.5
1.2
CHARGING CURRENT (A)
BATTERY VOLTAGE (V)

3.0 80
1.0
2.5
0.8 60
2.0
0.6
1.5 40
1.0 0.4
20
0.5 0.2

0 0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
CHARGING CURRENT (A) ISETOUT VOLTAGE (V) ISETIN VOLTAGE (V)

VOLTAGE LIMIT REFERENCE VOLTAGE

vs. VADJ VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE REFERENCE LOAD REGULATION
4.45 4.215 4.202
MAX1758 TOC04

MAX1758 TOC05

MAX1758 TOC07
4.40
4.201
4.35 4.210
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)

REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)

4.200
4.30
VOLTAGE LIMIT (V)

4.205
4.25 4.199

4.20 4.200 4.198

4.15
4.197
4.195
4.10
4.196
4.05
4.190
4.00 4.195

3.95 4.185 4.194

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
VADJ VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) REFERENCE LOAD (μA)

FAST-CHARGE TIMEOUT
TIMEOUT vs. TIMER1 CAPACITANCE vs. TIMER2 CAPACITANCE EFFICIENCY vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
1000 1000 100
MAX1758 TOC09

MAX1758 TOC10
MAX1758 TOC08

3 CELLS 4 CELLS
TOP-OFF MODE
90
100 VOLTAGE MODE
100
EFFICIENCY (%)
TIMEOUT (MINUTES)
TIMEOUT (MINUTES)

80
10 2 CELLS
70
10
PREQUALIFICATION MODE
1
60
ICHG = 1.0A

0.1 1 50
0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 6 10 14 18 22 26
CAPACITANCE (nF) CAPACITANCE (nF) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Maxim Integrated 7
MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
Chip Power Supply. Output of the 5.4V linear regulator from DCIN. Bypass VL to GND with 2.2µF or larger
1 VL
ceramic capacitor.
Input Current Limit Adjust. Use a voltage-divider to set the voltage between 0 and VREF. See Input Current
2 ISETIN
Regulator section.
Battery Charging Current Adjust. Use a voltage-divider to set the voltage between 0 and VREF. See
3 ISETOUT
Charging Current Regulator section.
Thermistor Input. Connect a thermistor from THM to GND to set qualification temperature range. If unused,
4 THM
connect a 10kΩ resistor from THM to GND. See Thermistor section.
5 REF 4.2V Reference Voltage Output. Bypass REF to GND with 1µF or larger ceramic capacitor.

6 GND Analog Ground

Voltage Adjustment. Use a voltage-divider to set the voltage between 0 and VREF to adjust the battery reg-
7 VADJ
ulation voltage by ±5%. See Battery Regulation Voltage section.
8 BATT Battery Voltage-Sense Input and Current-Sense Negative Input

9, 10 HSD High-Side Drain. This is the drain of the internal high-side FET. See Figure 3.
Cell-Count Programming Input. Connect CELL to GND, REF, or VL to set 1, 3, or 4 cells, or leave uncon-
11 CELL
nected to set 2 cells.
Timer1 Adjustment. Connect a capacitor from TIMER1 to GND to set the prequalification, full-charge, and
12 TIMER1
top-off times. See Timers section.
13 TIMER2 Timer2 Adjustment. Connect a capacitor from TIMER2 to GND to set the fast-charge time. See Timers section.

14 FAULT Charge Fault Indicator. Open-drain output pulls low when charging terminates abnormally. See Table 1.

15 FASTCHG Fast-Charge Indicator. Open-drain output pulls low when charging with constant current.
Full-Charge Indicator. Open-drain output pulls low when charging with constant voltage in full-charge
16 FULLCHG
state.
17 SHDN Shutdown Input. Drive SHDN low to disable charging. Connect SHDN to VL for normal operation.
18 PGND Power Ground. Current from the low-side power MOSFET switch source flows through PGND.

19, 20 LX Power Inductor Switching Node and High-Side Power MOSFET Source

21 CS Battery Current-Sense Positive Input. Connects to internal 0.1Ω resistor between BATT and CS.

22 BST High-Side MOSFET Gate Drive Bias. Connect a 0.1µF capacitor from BST to LX.

23 CCS Charger Source Current Regulation Loop Compensation Point. See Compensation section.

24 CCI Battery Charge Current Regulation Loop Compensation Point. See Compensation section.

25 CCV Voltage Regulation Loop Compensation Point. See Compensation section.

26 CSSN Source Current-Sense Negative Input. See Input Current Regulator section.

27 CSSP Source Current-Sense Positive Input. See Input Current Regulator section.
Power-Supply Input. DCIN is the input supply for the VL regulator. Bypass DCIN to GND with a 0.1µF or
28 DCIN
greater capacitor. See Detailed Description.

8 Maxim Integrated
 MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
MBRS340
D1 D2
INPUT 28 DCIN 27
CSSP
SUPPLY C7 C8
0.1μF 0.1μF R1
MAX1758 0.05Ω
26
CSSN TO
C9 SYSTEM
0.1μF + + +
C12 C10 C11 LOAD
0.22μF 22μF 22μF
17 1 C13
TO VL SHDN VL 4.7μF
5 D3
REF 22
2 BST
ISETIN 10
R4 HSD
3
ISETOUT 9
C3 7 HSD C14
1μF VADJ 20 L1
11 0.1μF
CELL LX 22μH
R5 19
LX
6
C4 R6 GND
D4
0.1μF 10k
25 MBRS340
CCV 18
C17 PGND
1nF

C1
0.1μF 21
24 CS
CCI
C16
C2 0.1μF
0.1μF 8
23 BATT
CCS
C18 C15
0.1μF 68μF
C5
1nF Li+ BATTERY
12 4 1 TO 4 CELLS
TIMER1 THM

C6
1nF THERM
13
TIMER2
FAST CHARGE
15
FASTCHG
FULL CHARGE
16
FULLCHG
FAULT
14
FAULT

Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit

Detailed Description The DC-DC converter uses an internal power MOSFET

switch to convert the input voltage to the charging cur-
The MAX1758 includes all of the functions necessary to
rent or voltage. Figure 1 shows the typical application
charge 1, 2, 3, or 4 Li+ battery cells in series. It
circuit. Figure 2 shows a typical charging sequence and
includes a step-down DC-DC converter that controls
Figure 3 shows the functional diagram. The charging
charging voltage and current. It also includes input
current is set by the voltage at ISETOUT. The battery
source current limiting, battery temperature monitoring,
voltage is measured at the BATT pin. The battery regu-
battery undervoltage precharging, battery fault indica-
lation voltage limit is set to 4.2V per cell and can be
tion, and a state machine with timers for charge termi-
adjusted ±5% by changing the voltage at the VADJ pin.
nation.
By limiting the adjust range, the voltage limit accuracy is
better than 1% while using 1% setting resistors.

Maxim Integrated 9
MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
Table 1. Charging State Table
STATE ENTRY CONDITIONS STATE CONDITIONS

From initial power-on

or from done state if battery voltage < recharge volt- Timers reset, charging current = 0,
Reset age threshold FASTCHG = high, FULLCHG = high,
or VDCIN - VBATT < dropout threshold FAULT = high
or VBATT > battery overvoltage threshold

Battery voltage ≤ undervoltage threshold,

charging current = (fast-charge current / 10),
From reset state if input power, reference, and inter-
Prequalification timeout = 7.5min typ (CTIMER1 = 1nF),
nal bias are within limits
FASTCHG = low, FULLCHG = high,
FAULT = high

Undervoltage threshold ≤ battery voltage ≤

battery regulation voltage,
Fast Charge From prequalification state if battery voltage > charging current = charge current limit,
(Constant Current) undervoltage threshold timeout = 90min typ (CTIMER2 = 1nF),
FASTCHG = low, FULLCHG = high,
FAULT = high

Battery voltage = battery regulation voltage,

charging current ≤ current limit,
Full Charge From fast-charge state if battery voltage = battery
timeout = 90min typ (CTIMER1 = 1nF),
(Constant Voltage) regulation voltage
FASTCHG = high, FULLCHG = low,
FAULT = high

Battery voltage = battery regulation voltage,

charging current ≤ 330mA,
Top-Off From full-charge state if full-charge timer expires
timeout = 45min typ
(Constant Voltage) or if charging current ≤ 330mA
(CTIMER1 = 1nF), FASTCHG = high,
FULLCHG = high, FAULT = high

Recharge voltage threshold ≤ battery,

voltage ≤ voltage limit, charging current = 0,
Done From top-off state if top-off timer expires
FASTCHG = high, FULLCHG = high,
FAULT = high

Charge current = 0, timers suspended,

From fast-charge state or full-charge state if battery FASTCHG = no change,
Over/Undertemperature
temperature is outside limits FULLCHG = no change,
FAULT = no change

From reset state if battery temperature ≥ maximum

battery temperature
Charging current = 0, FASTCHG = high,
Fault or from prequalification state if prequalification timer
FULLCHG = high, FAULT = low
expires
or from fast-charge state if fast-charge timer expires

10 Maxim Integrated
 MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
The MAX1758 includes a state machine that controls
the charging algorithm. Figure 4 shows the state dia- FAST- FULL-
CHARGE CHARGE TOP-OFF
gram. Table 1 is the charging state table. When power STATE STATE STATE DONE
is applied, or SHDN input is driven high, the part goes
into the reset state where the timers are reset to zero to
BATTERY CHARGE I = 1C
prepare for charging. From the reset state, it enters the CURRENT
prequalification state. In this state, 1/10 of the fast-
charge current charges the battery, and the battery
temperature and voltage are measured. If the voltage is
above the undervoltage threshold and the temperature
is within the limits, then it will enter the fast-charge BATTERY
state. If the battery voltage does not rise above the VOLTAGE
undervoltage threshold before the prequalification timer FASTCHG OPEN-
expires, the charging terminates and the FAULT output OUTPUT DRAIN
LOW
goes low. The prequalification time is set by the
TIMER1 capacitor (CTIMER1). If the battery is outside FULLCHG OPEN-
OUTPUT DRAIN
the temperature limits, charging and the timer are sus- LOW
pended. Once the temperature is back within limits, TOP-OFF TIMER
BATTERY
charging and the timer resume. INSERTION TIMES OUT, END OF ALL
CHARGE FUNCTIONS
In the fast-charge state, the FASTCHG output goes low OR SHDN HIGH

and the batteries charge with a constant current (see TRANSITION TO FULL-CHARGE TIMER
Charging Current Regulator section). If the battery volt- VOLTAGE MODE TIMES OUT OR
age reaches the voltage limit before the fast timer (APPROX 85% CHARGE) BATTERY CURRENT
DROPS TO C/10
expires, the part enters the full-charge state. If the fast- (APPROX 95% CHARGE)
charge timer expires before the voltage limit is
reached, charging terminates and the FAULT output
goes low. The fast-charge time limit is set by the Figure 2. Charge State and Indicator Output Timing for a
TIMER2 capacitor (CTIMER2). If the battery temperature Typical Charging Sequence
is outside the limits, charging pauses and the timers
are suspended until the temperature returns to within the VADJ pin between reference voltage and ground.
the limits. By limiting the adjust range of the regulation voltage, an
overall voltage accuracy of better than 1% is main-
In the full-charge state, the FULLCHG output goes low tained while using 1% resistors. CELL sets the cell
and the batteries charge at a constant voltage (see the count from 1-to-4 series cells (see Setting the Battery
Voltage Regulation section). When the charging current Regulation Voltage section).
drops below 150mA (330mA peak inductor current), or
if the full-charge timer expires, the state machine enters An internal error amplifier (GMV) maintains voltage reg-
the top-off state. In the top-off state, the batteries con- ulation (Figure 3). The GMV amplifier is compensated
tinue to charge at a constant voltage until the top-off at CCV. The component values shown in Figure 1 pro-
timer expires when it enters the done state. In the done vide suitable performance for most applications.
state, charging stops until the battery voltage drops Individual compensation of the voltage regulation and
below the recharge-voltage threshold when it enters the current regulation loops allows for optimum stability.
reset state to start the charging process again. In the
Charging Current Regulator
full-charge or the top-off state, if the battery tempera-
The charging current-limit regulator limits the charging
ture is outside the limits, charging pauses and the
current. Current is sensed by measuring the voltage
timers are suspended until the battery temperature
across the internal current-sense resistor RCS between
returns to within limits.
BATT and CS. The voltage at ISETOUT adjusts the
Voltage Regulator charging current. Full-scale charging current is
Li+ batteries require a high-accuracy voltage limit while achieved when ISETOUT is connected to REF.
charging. The MAX1758 uses a high-accuracy voltage The charging current error amplifier (GMI) is compen-
regulator (±0.8%) to limit the charging voltage. The bat- sated at CCI. A 0.1µF capacitor at CCI provides suit-
tery regulation voltage is nominally set to 4.2V per cell able performance for most applications.
and can be adjusted ±5% by changing the voltage at

Maxim Integrated 11
MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch

DCIN
TO ENABLE VL
CSS BATT
CSSP LEVEL SHIFT 5.4V INTERNAL
REF
AND REGULATOR REFERENCE
GAIN OF 10
CSSN
ON

CCV
CS CSI
LEVEL SHIFT CCI
RCS AND
GAIN OF 7 CCS
BATT ON BST
HSD
GMS
LEVEL DRIVER
ISETIN +1 SHIFT
3Rx LX

MIN AND CLAMP

Rx
SUMMING
GMI COMPARATOR
BLOCK
ISETOUT +1 REF/2 =
ZERO ON
3Rx CURRENT
Rx PGND

GMV
REF/2
TO
BATT BDIV
FASTCHG

CNTRL FULLCHG
CELL R2 V/I MODE OSCILLATOR, SM, TIMERS
LOGIC MAX1758 THERM CONTROL FAULT
TEST CIRCUITRY
TIMER 1

R2 = R(2N -1) R TIMER 2

WHERE
THM
N = CELL NUMBER

TO REF
9R R
VADJ +1

GND

Figure 3. MAX1758 Functional Diagram

Input Current Regulator maximum system load current plus the maximum
The total input current (from a wall cube or other DC charger input current. By using the input current limiter,
source) is the sum of system load current plus the bat- the current capability of the AC wall adapter may be
tery-charging current. The input current regulator limits lowered, reducing system cost.
the source current by reducing charging current when Input current is measured through an external sense
input current exceeds the set input current limit. System resistor at CSSP and CSSN. The voltage at ISETIN also
current will normally fluctuate as portions of the system adjusts the input current limit. Full-scale input current is
are powered up or put to sleep. Without input current achieved when ISETIN is connected to REF, setting the
regulation, the input source must be able to supply the full-scale current-sense regulation voltage to 100mV.
12 Maxim Integrated
 MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch

SHUTDOWN SHUTDOWN IS
FASTCHG = HIGH
ENTERED FROM ALL STATES
FULLCHG = HIGH
VDCIN < BATT WHEN SHDN IS LOW.
FAULT = HIGH

SHDN HIGH
VBATT < UNDERVOLTAGE RESET
THRESHOLD FASTCHG = HIGH
FULLCHG = HIGH
VDCIN > VBATT FAULT = HIGH

PREQUAL PREQUAL FAULT

FASTCHG = LOW TIMEOUT FASTCHG = HIGH
FULLCHG = HIGH FULLCHG = HIGH
FAULT = HIGH FAULT = LOW

VBATT > 2.5V

FAST-CHARGE
TEMP TIMEOUT
NOT OK TEMP FAST CHARGE
OK
FASTCHG = LOW
FULLCHG = HIGH
ONCE PER FAULT = HIGH VBATT < 0.95 × VBATTR
SECOND
TEMP VBATT = BATTERY
OK REGULATION VOLTAGE (VBATTR)
ONCE PER
SECOND FULL CHARGE
TEMP FASTCHG = HIGH VBATT < 0.95 × VBATTR
QUAL FULLCHG = LOW
TEMP FAULT = HIGH
OK
TEMP ICHARGE < IMIN OR
NOT OK TEMP FULL-CHARGE
NOT OK TIMEOUT
TEMP
OK TOP-OFF DONE
FASTCHG = HIGH FASTCHG = HIGH
FULLCHG = HIGH FULLCHG = HIGH
TOP-OFF
FAULT = HIGH FAULT = HIGH
TIMEOUT

Figure 4. State Diagram

When the current-sense resistor is chosen, note that the An internal clamp limits the noncontrolling signals to
voltage drop across this resistor adds to the power within 200mV of the controlling signal to prevent delay
loss, reducing efficiency. Reducing the voltage across when switching between regulation loops.
the current-sense resistor may degrade input current The current mode PWM controller measures the induc-
limit accuracy due to the input offset of the input cur- tor current to regulate the output voltage or current,
rent-sense amplifier. simplifying stabilization of the regulation loops.
The input current error amplifier (GMS) is compensated Separate compensation of the regulation circuits allows
at CCS. A 0.1µF capacitor at CCS provides suitable each to be optimally stabilized. Internal slope compen-
performance for most applications. sation is included, ensuring stable operation over a
wide range of duty cycles.
PWM Controller The controller drives an internal N-channel MOSFET
The PWM controller drives the internal high-side MOS- switch to step the input voltage down to the battery
FET to control charging current or voltage. The input to voltage. The high-side MOSFET gate is driven to a volt-
the PWM controller is the lowest of CCI, CCV, or CCS. age higher than the input source voltage by a bootstrap

Maxim Integrated 13
MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
capacitor. This capacitor (between BST and LX) is Table 2. Cell-Count Programming Table
charged through a diode from VL when LX is low. An
internal N-channel MOSFET turns on momentarily after CELL CELL COUNT (N)
the high-side switch turns off, pulling LX to PGND to GND 1
ensure that the bootstrap capacitor charges. The high- Float 2
side MOSFET gate is driven from BST, supplying suffi-
cient voltage to fully drive the MOSFET gate even when REF 3
its source is near the input voltage. VL 4

Timers
If the temperature goes out of limits while charging is in
The MAX1758 includes safety timers to terminate
progress, charging will be suspended until the temper-
charging and to ensure that faulty batteries are not
ature returns to within the limits. While charging is sus-
charged indefinitely. TIMER1 and TIMER2 set the time-
pended, the timers will also be suspended but will
out periods.
continue counting from where they left off when charg-
TIMER1 controls the maximum prequalification time, ing resumes.
maximum full-charge time, and the top-off time. TIMER2
controls the maximum fast-charge time. The timers are Shutdown
set by external capacitors. The typical times of 7.5 min- When SHDN is pulled low, the MAX1758 enters the
utes for prequalification, 90 minutes for full charge, 45 shutdown mode and charging is stopped. In shutdown,
minutes for top-off, and 90 minutes for fast charge are the internal resistive voltage-divider is removed from
set by using a 1nF capacitor on TIMER1 and TIMER2 BATT to reduce the current drain on the battery to less
(Figure 1). than 5µA. The high-side power MOSFET switch is off.
However, the internal linear regulator (VLO) and the ref-
Charge Monitoring Outputs erence (REF) remain on. Status outputs FASTCHG,
FASTCHG, FULLCHG, and FAULT are open-drain out- FULLCHG, and FAULT are high impedance. When exit-
puts that can be used as LED drivers. FASTCHG indi- ing the shutdown mode, the MAX1758 goes to the
cates the battery is being fast charged. FULLCHG power-on reset state, which resets the timers and
indicates the charger has completed the fast-charge begins a new charge cycle.
cycle (approximately 85% charge) and is operating in
voltage mode. The FASTCHG and FULLCHG outputs Source Undervoltage Shutdown (Dropout)
can be tied together to indicate charging or done If the voltage on DCIN drops within 100mV of the volt-
(Figure 2). FAULT indicates the charger has detected a age on BATT, the charger turns off. This prevents bat-
charging fault and that charging has terminated. The tery discharge by the charger during low input voltage
charger can be brought out of the FAULT condition conditions.
only by removing and reapplying the input power, or by Design Procedure
pulling SHDN low.
Setting the Battery Regulation Voltage
Thermistor VADJ sets the per-cell voltage limit. To set the VADJ
The intent of THM is to inhibit charging when the bat- voltage, use a voltage-divider from REF to VADJ. A
tery is too cold or too hot (+2.5°C ≤ TOK ≤ +47.5°C), GND-to-VREF change at VADJ results in a ±5% change
using an external thermistor. THM time multiplexes two in the battery limit voltage. Since the full VADJ range
sense currents to test for both hot and cold qualifica- results in only a 10% change on the battery regulation
tion. The thermistor should be 10kΩ at +25°C and have voltage, the resistor-divider’s accuracy need not be as
a negative temperature coefficient (NTC); the THM pin high as the output-voltage accuracy. Using 1% resis-
expects 3.97kΩ at +47.5°C and 28.7kΩ at +2.5°C. tors for the voltage dividers results in no more than
Connect the thermistor between THM and GND. If no 0.1% degradation in output-voltage accuracy. VADJ is
temperature qualification is desired, replace the ther- internally buffered so that high-value resistors can be
mistor with a 10kΩ resistor. Thermistors by Philips/BC used. Set VVADJ by choosing a value less than 100kΩ
components (2322-640-63103), Cornerstone Sensors for R5 (Figure 1) from VADJ to GND. The per-cell bat-
(T101D103-CA), and Fenwall Electronics (140-103LAG- tery termination voltage is a function of the battery
RB1) work well. The battery temperature is measured at chemistry and construction; thus, consult the battery
a 1.12Hz rate (CTIMER1 = CTIMER2 = 1nF). Charging manufacturer to determine this voltage. Once the per-
pauses briefly to allow accurate measurement.

14 Maxim Integrated
 MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
cell voltage limit battery regulation voltage is deter- DC charging current (LIR) can be used to calculate the
mined, the VADJ voltage is calculated by the equation: optimal inductor value:
VVADJ = (9.5 VBATTR / N) - (9.0 x VREF)
L =
(
VBATT VDCIN(MAX) − VBATT )
CELL is the programming input for selecting cell count VDCIN(MAX) x fOSC x ICHG x LIR
N. Table 2 shows how CELL is connected to charge 1,
2, 3, or 4 cells. where f OSC is the switching frequency (300kHz).
Setting the Charging Current Limit The peak inductor current is given by:
A resistor-divider from REF to GND sets the voltage at ⎛ LIR ⎞
ISETOUT (VISETOUT). This determines the charging cur- I PEAK = I ISETOUT⎜1 + ⎟
rent during the current-regulation (fast-charge) mode. ⎝ 2 ⎠
The full-scale charging current is 1.5A.
The charging current (ICHG) is, therefore: Capacitor Selection
The input capacitor shunts the switching current from
the charger input and prevents that current from circu-
⎛ VISETOUT ⎞
ICHG = 1.5A ⎜ ⎟ lating through the source, typically an AC wall cube.
⎝ VREF ⎠ Thus, the input capacitor must be able to handle the
input RMS current. Typically, at high charging currents,
Connect ISETOUT to REF to get the full-scale current the converter will operate in continuous conduction (the
limit. inductor current does not go to 0). In this case, the
RMS current of the input capacitor may be approximat-
Setting the Input Current limit ed by the equation:
A resistor-divider from REF to GND sets the voltage at
ISETIN (VISETIN). This sets the maximum source current
allowed at any time during charging. The source cur- ICIN ≅ ICHG D − D2
rent IFSS is set by the current-sense resistor RSOURCE
between CSSP and CSSN. The full-scale source current
is IFSS = 0.1V / R1 (Figure 1). where:
The input current limit (IIN) is therefore: ICIN is the input capacitor RMS current.
D is the PWM converter duty ratio (typically VBATT /
⎛V ⎞ VDCIN).
IIN = IFSS ⎜ ISETIN ⎟
⎝ VREF ⎠ ICHG is the battery charging current.
The maximum RMS input current occurs at 50% duty
Connect ISETIN to REF to get the full-scale input cur- cycle; thus, the worst-case input ripple current is 0.5 x
rent limit. Short CSSP and CSSN if the input source cur- ICHG. If the input-to-output voltage ratio is such that the
rent limit is not used. PWM controller will never work at 50% duty cycle, then
In choosing the current-sense resistor, note that the drop the worst-case capacitor current will occur where the
across this resistor adds to the power loss and thus duty cycle is nearest 50%.
reduces efficiency. However, too low a resistor value The input capacitor impedance is critical to preventing
may degrade input current-limit accuracy. AC currents from flowing back into the wall cube. This
Inductor Selection requirement varies depending on the wall cube imped-
The inductor value may be changed for more or less ance and the requirements of any conducted or radiat-
ripple current. The higher the inductance, the lower the ed EMI specifications that must be met. Aluminum
ripple current will be; however, as the physical size is electrolytic capacitors are generally the cheapest, but
kept the same, typically, higher inductance will result in usually are a poor choice for portable devices due to
higher series resistance and lower saturation current. A their large size and poor equivalent series resistance
good tradeoff is to choose the inductor so that the rip- (ESR). Tantalum capacitors are better in most cases, as
ple current is approximately 30% to 50% of the DC are high-value ceramic capacitors. For equivalent size
average charging current. The ratio of ripple current to and voltage rating, tantalum capacitors will have higher
capacitance, but also higher ESR than ceramic capaci-
tors. This makes consideration of RMS current and power

Maxim Integrated 15
MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
dissipation ratings more critical when using tantalum Compensation
capacitors. Each of the three regulation loops—the input current
The output filter capacitor is used to absorb the induc- limit, the charging current limit, and the charging volt-
tor ripple current. The output capacitor impedance age limit—can be compensated separately at the CCS,
must be significantly less than that of the battery to CCI, and CCV pins, respectively.
ensure that it will absorb the ripple current. Both the The charge-current loop error amp output is brought
capacitance and ESR rating of the capacitor are impor- out at CCI. Likewise, the source-current error amplifier
tant for its effectiveness as a filter and to ensure stabili- output is brought out at CCS. The current loops in most
ty of the PWM circuit. The minimum output capacitance charger designs can be compensated by 0.1µF capac-
for stability is: itors to ground at CCI and CCS. Raising the value of
these capacitors reduces the bandwidth of these loops.
⎛ VBATT ⎞ The voltage-regulating loop error amp output is brought
VREF ⎜1 +
⎝ VDCIN(MIN ) ⎟⎠ out at CCV. Compensate this loop by connecting a
COUT > capacitor in parallel with a series resistor-capacitor (RC)
VBATT × fOSC × RCS from CCV to GND. Recommended values are shown in
Figure 1.
where:
COUT is the total output capacitance. Applications Information
VREF is the reference voltage (4.2V). Diode Selection
V BATT is the maximum battery regulation voltage A Schottky rectifier with a rating of at least 1.5A must
(typically 4.2V per cell). be connected from LX to PGND.
VDCIN (MIN) is the minimum source input voltage. VL and REF Bypassing
The maximum output capacitor ESR required for stabili- The MAX1758 uses an internal linear regulator to drop
ty is: the input voltage down to 5.4V, which powers the inter-
nal circuitry. The output of the linear regulator is the VL
RCS x VBATT pin. The internal linear regulator may also be used to
RESR <
VREF power external circuitry as long as the maximum cur-
rent of the linear regulator is not exceeded.
where: A 4.7µF bypass capacitor is required at VL to ensure that
RESR is the output capacitor ESR. the regulator is stable. A 1µF bypass capacitor is also
RCS is the current-sense resistor from CS to BATT required between REF and GND to ensure that the inter-
(100mΩ typ). nal 4.2V reference is stable. In both cases, use a low-ESR
ceramic capacitor.
Setting the Timers
The MAX1758 contains four timers: a prequalification Chip Information
timer, fast-charge timer, full-charge timer, and top-off
timer. Connecting a capacitor from TIMER1 to GND TRANSISTOR COUNT: 5996
and TIMER2 to GND sets the timer periods. The
TIMER1 input controls the prequalification, full-charge,
and top-off times, while TIMER2 controls the fast-
charge timeout. The typical timeouts for a 1C charge
rate are set to 7.5 minutes for the prequalification timer,
90 minutes for the fast-charge timer, 90 minutes for the
full-charge timer, and 45 minutes for the top-off timer by
connecting 1nF capacitors to TIMER1 and TIMER2.
Each timer period is directly proportional to the capaci-
tance at the corresponding pin (see Typical Operating
Characteristics).

16 Maxim Integrated
 MAX1758
Stand-Alone, Switch-Mode
Li+ Battery Charger with Internal 28V Switch
Package Information

Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent
licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and
max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.

Maxim Integrated 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-408-601-1000 ________________________________ 17
© 2001 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.