EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE

MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
General Description Features
The MAX712/MAX713 fast-charge Nickel Metal Hydride o Fast-Charge NiMH or NiCd Batteries
(NiMH) and Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries from a DC o Voltage Slope, Temperature, and Timer
source at least 1.5V higher than the maximum battery Fast-Charge Cutoff
voltage. 1 to 16 series cells can be charged at rates up
to 4C. A voltage-slope detecting analog-to-digital convert- o Charge 1 to 16 Series Cells
er, timer, and temperature window comparator determine o Supply Battery’s Load While Charging
charge completion. The MAX712/MAX713 are powered (Linear Mode)
by the DC source via an on-board +5V shunt regulator. o Fast Charge from C/4 to 4C Rate
They draw a maximum of 5µA from the battery when not o C/16 Trickle-Charge Rate
charging. A low-side current-sense resistor allows the
battery charge current to be regulated while still o Automatically Switch from Fast to Trickle Charge
supplying power to the battery’s load. o Linear Mode Power Control
The MAX712 terminates fast charge by detecting zero o 5µA (max) Drain on Battery when Not Charging
voltage slope, while the MAX713 uses a negative o 5V Shunt Regulator Powers External Logic
voltage-slope detection scheme. Both parts come in 16-
pin DIP and SO packages. An external power PNP tran-
sistor, blocking diode, three resistors, and three
Ordering Information
capacitors are the only required external components. PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
The evaluation kit is available: Order the MAX712EVKIT- MAX712CPE 0°C to +70°C 16 Plastic DIP
DIP for quick evaluation of the linear charger. MAX712CSE 0°C to +70°C 16 Narrow SO
________________________Applications MAX712C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX712EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP
Battery-Powered Equipment
MAX712ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO
Laptop, Notebook, and Palmtop Computers
Handy-Terminals MAX712MJE -55°C to +125°C 16 CERDIP**
Cellular Phones Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet.
*Contact factory for dice specifications.
Portable Consumer Products **Contact factory for availability and processing to MIL-STD-883.
Portable Stereos
Cordless Phones
Typical Operating Circuit
Q1
DC IN
2N6109

C4 R2
R1 0.01μF 150Ω
Pin Configuration
THI DRV
WALL D1
TOP VIEW CUBE 1N4001
V+
VLIMIT 1 16 REF
C1 VLIMIT BATT+
BATT+ 2 15 V+ 1μF REF
PGM0 3 14 DRV C3
R3 MAX712
MAX712 68kΩ MAX713 BATTERY 10μF
PGM1 4 13 GND
MAX713
THI 5 12 BATT- TEMP
R4 LOAD
TLO 6 11 CC 10μF CC BATT- TLO GND
22kΩ
TEMP 7 10 PGM3
C2
FASTCHG 8 9 PGM2 0.01μF RSENSE

DIP/SO

For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct
at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maximintegrated.com. 19-0100; Rev 7; 7/13
MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
V+ to BATT- .................................................................-0.3V, +7V REF Current.........................................................................10mA
BATT- to GND ........................................................................±1V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
BATT+ to BATT- Plastic DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C............842mW
Power Not Applied............................................................±20V Narrow SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C .............696mW
With Power Applied ................................The higher of ±20V or CERDIP (derate 10.00mW/°C above +70°C ................800mW
±2V x (programmed cells) Operating Temperature Ranges
DRV to GND ..............................................................-0.3V, +20V MAX71_C_E .......................................................0°C to +70°C
FASTCHG to BATT- ...................................................-0.3V, +12V MAX71_E_E .................................................... -40°C to +85°C
All Other Pins to GND......................................-0.3V, (V+ + 0.3V) MAX71_MJE ................................................. -55°C to +125°C
V+ Current.........................................................................100mA Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
DRV Current. .....................................................................100mA Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(IV+ = 10mA, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Refer to the Typical Operating Circuit. All measurements are with respect to
BATT-, not GND.)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
V+ Voltage 5mA < IV+ < 20mA 4.5 5.5 V
IV+ (Note 1) 5 mA
BATT+ Leakage V+ = 0V, BATT+ = 17V 5 µA
BATT+ Resistance with Power On PGM0 = PGM1 = BATT-, BATT+ = 30V 30 kΩ
C1 Capacitance 0.5 µF
C2 Capacitance 5 nF
REF Voltage 0mA < IREF < 1mA 1.96 2.04 V
Undervoltage Lockout Per cell 0.35 0.50 V
External VLIMIT Input Range 1.25 2.50 V
THI, TLO, TEMP Input Range 0 2 V
THI, TLO Offset Voltage (Note 2) 0V < TEMP < 2V, TEMP voltage rising -10 10 mV
THI, TLO, TEMP, VLIMIT Input Bias Current -1 1 µA
1.2V < VLIMIT < 2.5V, 5mA < IDRV < 20mA,
VLIMIT Accuracy -30 30 mV
PGM0 = PGM1 = V+
Internal Cell Voltage Limit VLIMIT = V+ 1.6 1.65 1.7 V
Fast-Charge VSENSE 225 250 275 mV
PGM3 = V+ 1.5 3.9 7.0
PGM3 = open 4.5 7.8 12.0
Trickle-Charge VSENSE mV
PGM3 = REF 12.0 15.6 20.0
PGM3 = BATT- 26.0 31.3 38.0
MAX713 -2.5 mV/tA
Voltage-Slope Sensitivity (Note 3)
MAX712 0 per cell
Timer Accuracy -15 15 %
Battery-Voltage to Cell-Voltage
-1.5 1.5 %
Divider Accuracy
DRV Sink Current VDRV = 10V 30 mA

2 Maxim Integrated
 MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(IV+ = 10mA, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Refer to the Typical Operating Circuit. All measurements are with respect to
BATT-, not GND.)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
FASTCHG Low Current V FASTCHG = 0.4V 2 mA
FASTCHG High Current V FASTCHG = 10V 10 µA
A/D Input Range (Note 4) Battery voltage ÷ number of cells programmed 1.4 1.9 V

Note 1: The MAX712/MAX713 are powered from the V+ pin. Since V+ shunt regulates to +5V, R1 must be small enough to allow at
least 5mA of current into the V+ pin.
Note 2: Offset voltage of THI and TLO comparators referred to TEMP.
Note 3: tA is the A/D sampling interval (Table 3).
Note 4: This specification can be violated when attempting to charge more or fewer cells than the number programmed. To ensure
proper voltage-slope fast-charge termination, the (maximum battery voltage) ÷ (number of cells programmed) must fall
within the A/D input range.

Typical Operating Characteristics

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER

FREQUENCY RESPONSE (with 15pF) FREQUENCY RESPONSE (with 10nF)
MAX712/13 toc01 MAX712/13 toc02
20 40 20 40
C2 = 15pF C2 = 10nF
FASTCHG = 0V FASTCHG = 0V
10 0 10 0
PHASE (DEGREES)

PHASE (DEGREES)
AV AV
GAIN (dB)

GAIN (dB)

0 Φ -40 0 -40
Φ
BATT- CC
-10 + CURRENT- +
-80 -10 -80
VIN SENSE VOUT
- AMP -

GND BATT-
-20 -120 -20 -120
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 10 100 1k 10k
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)

CURRENT ERROR-AMPLIFIER SHUNT-REGULATOR VOLTAGE ALPHA SENSORS PART No. 14A1002

TRANSCONDUCTANCE vs. CURRENT STEINHART-HART INTERPOLATION
MAX712/13 toc05
100 5.8 1.6 35
MAX712/13 toc04
MAX712/13 toc03

FASTCHG = 0V, V+ = 5V
BATTERY THERMISTOR RESISTANCE (kΩ)

5.6 DRV NOT SINKING CURRENT

1.4 30
DRV PIN SINK CURRENT(mA)

5.4
TEMP PIN VOLTAGE (V)

1.2 25
10 5.2
V+ VOLTAGE (V)

5.0 DRV SINKING CURRENT 1.0 20

4.8 0.8 15
1 4.6
0.6 10
4.4
4.2 0.4 5

0.1 4.0 0.2 0

1.95 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.03 2.05 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
VOLTAGE ON CC PIN (V) CURRENT INTO V+ PIN (mA) BATTERY TEMPERATURE(°C)

Maxim Integrated 3
MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX713 MAX713
NiCd BATTERY CHARGING NiMH BATTERY CHARGING
CHARACTERISTICS AT C RATE CHARACTERISTICS AT C RATE
MAX712/13 toc06 MAX712/13 toc07

1.55 40 1.60 40

CELL TEMPERATURE (°C)

CELL TEMPERATURE (°C)

CELL VOLTAGE (V)

CELL VOLTAGE (V)

ΔV
1.50 V CUTOFF 35 1.55 ΔV 35
Δt V CUTOFF
Δt

1.45 T 30 1.50 30
T

1.40 25 1.45 25

0 30 60 90 0 30 60 90
CHARGE TIME (MINUTES) CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)

MAX713 MAX713
NiCd BATTERY-CHARGING NiMH BATTERY CHARGING
CHARACTERISTICS AT C/2 RATE CHARACTERISTICS AT C/2 RATE
MAX712/13 toc08 MAX712/13 toc09

1.55 ΔV 40
1.50 ΔV CUTOFF
CUTOFF 35 Δt

CELL TEMPERATURE (°C)

CELL TEMPERATURE (°C)

Δt
CELL VOLTAGE (V)
CELL VOLTAGE (V)

1.50 35
1.45 V 30 V
1.45 30
T
1.40 25 T
1.40 25

0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150

CHARGE TIME (MINUTES) CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)

MAX713 MAX713
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS OF A
FULLY-CHARGED NiMH BATTERY FULLY CHARGED NiMH BATTERY
MAX712/13 toc10 MAX712/13 toc11
1.65 1.65
5 MINUTE REST
V BETWEEN CHARGES
1.60 40 1.60 V
ΔV 40
CELL TEMPERATURE (°C)

ΔV CUTOFF
CELL TEMPERATURE (°C)

CUTOFF Δt
CELL VOLTAGE (V)

CELL VOLTAGE (V)

Δt
1.55 35 1.55 35
5-HOUR REST
BETWEEN CHARGES
1.50 30 1.50 30
T
T
1.45 25 1.45 25

0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
CHARGE TIME (MINUTES) CHARGE TIME (MINUTES)

4 Maxim Integrated
 MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Pin Description

PIN NAME FUNCTION

Sets the maximum cell voltage. The battery terminal voltage (BATT+ - BATT-) will not exceed VLIMIT x
1 VLIMIT (number of cells). Do not allow VLIMIT to exceed 2.5V. Connect VLIMIT to VREF for normal operation.
Alternatively, connect VLIMIT to V+ to set the maximum cell voltage to an internally preset 1.65V/cell.

2 BATT+ Positive terminal of battery

PGM0 and PGM1 set the number of series cells to be charged. The number of cells can be set from
PGM0, 1 to 16 by connecting PGM0 and PGM1 to any of V+, REF, or BATT-, or by leaving the pin unconnected
3, 4
PGM1 (Table 2). For cell counts greater than 11, see the Linear-Mode, High Series Cell Count section.
Charging more or fewer cells than the number programmed may inhibit ΔV fast-charge termination.

5 THI Trip point for the over-temperature comparator. If the voltage-on TEMP rises above THI, fast charge ends.
Trip point for the under-temperature comparator. If the MAX712/MAX713 power on with the voltage-
6 TLO
on TEMP less than TLO, fast charge is inhibited and will not start until TEMP rises above TLO.
7 TEMP Sense input for temperature-dependent voltage from thermistors.
Open-drain, fast-charge status output. While the MAX712/MAX713 fast charge the battery, FASTCHG
8 FASTCHG
sinks current. When charge ends and trickle charge begins, FASTCHG stops sinking current.
PGM2 and PGM3 set the maximum time allowed for fast charging. Timeouts from 33 minutes to 264
PGM2,
9, 10 minutes can be set by connecting to any of V+, REF, or BATT-, or by leaving the pin unconnected
PGM3
(Table 3). PGM3 also sets the fast-charge to trickle-charge current ratio (Table 5).

11 CC Compensation input for constant current regulation loop

12 BATT- Negative terminal of battery

13 GND System ground. The resistor placed between BATT- and GND monitors the current into the battery.

14 DRV Current sink for driving the external PNP current source
Shunt regulator. The voltage on V+ is regulated to +5V with respect to BATT-, and the shunt current
15 V+
powers the MAX712/MAX713.
16 REF 2V reference output

Maxim Integrated 5
MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Getting Started to charge more or fewer cells than the number pro-
grammed can disable the voltage-slope fast-charge
The MAX712/MAX713 are simple to use. A complete
termination circuitry. The internal ADC’s input volt-
linear-mode fast-charge circuit can be designed in a
age range is limited to between 1.4V and 1.9V (see
few easy steps. A linear-mode design uses the fewest
the Electrical Characteristics), and is equal to the
components and supplies a load while charging.
voltage across the battery divided by the number of
1) Follow the battery manufacturer’s recommendations cells programmed (using PGM0 and PGM1, as in
on maximum charge currents and charge-termination Table 2). When the ADC’s input voltage falls out of
methods for the specific batteries in your application. its specified range, the voltage-slope termination cir-
Table 1 provides general guidelines. cuitry can be disabled.
4) Choose an external DC power source (e.g., wall
Table 1. Fast-Charge Termination Methods cube). Its minimum output voltage (including ripple)
Charge must be greater than 6V and at least 1.5V higher
NiMH Batteries NiCd Batteries
Rate than the maximum battery voltage while charging.
ΔV/Δt and This specification is critical because normal fast-
ΔV/Δt and/or charge termination is ensured only if this require-
> 2C temperature,
temperature, MAX713 ment is maintained (see Powering the
MAX712 or MAX713
MAX712/MAX713 section for more details).
ΔV/Δt and/or
ΔV/Δt and/or 5) For linear-mode designs, calculate the worst-case
2C to C/2 temperature,
temperature, MAX713 power dissipation of the power PNP and diode (Q1
MAX712 or MAX713
and D1 in the Typical Operating Circuit) in watts,
ΔV/Δt and/or ΔV/Δt and/or using the following formula:
< C/2
temperature, MAX712 temperature, MAX713 PD PNP = (maximum wall-cube voltage under
load - minimum battery voltage) x (charge current
2) Decide on a charge rate (Tables 3 and 5). The slow- in amps)
est fast-charge rate for the MAX712/MAX713 is C/4, 6) Limit current into V+ to between 5mA and 20mA. For a
because the maximum fast-charge timeout period is fixed or narrow-range input voltage, choose R1 in the
264 minutes. A C/3 rate charges the battery in about Typical Operation Circuit using the following formula:
three hours. The current in mA required to charge at
R1 = (minimum wall-cube voltage - 5V)/5mA
this rate is calculated as follows:
7) Choose RSENSE using the following formula:
IFAST = (capacity of battery in mAh)
––––––––––––––––––––––––– RSENSE = 0.25V/(IFAST)
(charge time in hours)
8) Consult Tables 2 and 3 to set pin-straps before
Depending on the battery, charging efficiency can be applying power. For example, to fast charge at a
as low as 80%, so a C/3 fast charge could take 3 hours rate of C/2, set the timeout to between 1.5x or 2x the
and 45 minutes. This reflects the efficiency with which charge period, three or four hours, respectively.
electrical energy is converted to chemical energy within
the battery, and is not the same as the power-
conversion efficiency of the MAX712/MAX713.
3) Decide on the number of cells to be charged (Table 2).
If your battery stack exceeds 11 cells, see the Linear-
Mode High Series Cell Count section. Whenever
changing the number of cells to be charged, PGM0
and PGM1 must be adjusted accordingly. Attempting

6 Maxim Integrated
 MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Table 2. Programming the Number Table 3. Programming the Maximum
of Cells Charge Time
NUMBER PGM1 PGM0 A/D
VOLTAGE-
OF CELLS CONNECTION CONNECTION TIMEOUT SAMPLING PGM3 PGM2
SLOPE
(min) INTERVAL CONN CONN
1 V+ V+ TERMINATION
(s) (tA)
2 Open V+
22 21 Disabled V+ Open
3 REF V+
22 21 Enabled V+ REF
4 BATT- V+ 33 21 Disabled V+ V+
5 V+ Open 33 21 Enabled V+ BATT-
6 Open Open 45 42 Disabled Open Open
7 REF Open 45 42 Enabled Open REF
8 BATT- Open 66 42 Disabled Open V+
9 V+ REF 66 42 Enabled Open BATT-
10 Open REF 90 84 Disabled REF Open
11 REF REF 90 84 Enabled REF REF
12 BATT- REF 132 84 Disabled REF V+

13 V+ BATT- 132 84 Enabled REF BATT-

180 168 Disabled BATT- Open
14 Open BATT-
180 168 Enabled BATT- REF
15 REF BATT-
264 168 Disabled BATT- V+
16 BATT- BATT-
264 168 Enabled BATT- BATT-

V+

+5V SHUNT
GND
REGULATOR
PGM2 PGM3
FASTCHG

TIMED_OUT BATT- N
POWER_ON_RESET
TIMER
BATT-

FAST_CHARGE CURRENT DRV

PGM2
ΔV ΔV_DETECT AND CC
CONTROL LOGIC V+
DETECTION IN_REGULATION VOLTAGE BATT-
PGM3 REGULATOR GND 100kΩ

VLIMIT PGMx
UNDER_VOLTAGE BATT+
HOT
THI 100kΩ
TEMPERATURE COLD
TEMP PGM0
COMPARATORS REF
TLO CELL_VOLTAGE
MAX712 PGM1
MAX713
0.4V
BATT- INTERNAL IMPEDANCE OF PGM0–PGM3 PINS
BATT-

Figure 1. Block Diagram

Maxim Integrated 7
MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Detailed Description Figure 1 shows the block diagram for the MAX712/
MAX713. The timer, voltage-slope detection, and temper-
The MAX712/MAX713 fast charge NiMH or NiCd batter-
ature comparators are used to determine full charge
ies by forcing a constant current into the battery. The
state. The voltage and current regulator controls output
MAX712/MAX713 are always in one of two states: fast
voltage and current, and senses battery presence.
charge or trickle charge. During fast charge, the
current level is high; once full charge is detected, the Figure 2 shows a typical charging scenario with batteries
current reduces to trickle charge. The device monitors already inserted before power is applied. At time 1, the
three variables to determine when the battery reaches MAX712/MAX713 draw negligible power from the bat-
full charge: voltage slope, battery temperature, and tery. When power is applied to DC - IN (time
-
2), the
charge time. power-on reset circuit (see the POWER_ON_RESET sig-
nal in Figure 1) holds- the- MAX712/MAX713 in trickle
charge. Once POWER_ON_RESET goes high, the device
1.5 enters the fast-charge state (time 3) as long as the cell
CELL VOLTAGE (V)

CELL TEMPERATURE

voltage is above the undervoltage lockout (UVLO) volt-

1.4
VOLTAGE age (0.4V per cell). Fast charging cannot start until (bat-
1.3 tery voltage)/(number of cells) exceeds 0.4V.
TEMPERATURE
0.4
When the cell voltage slope becomes negative, fast
0 charge is terminated and the MAX712/MAX713 revert
to trickle-charge state (time 4). When power is removed
CURRENT INTO CELL

A
(time 5), the device draws negligible current from the
battery.
mA Figure 3 shows a typical charging event using tempera-
ture full-charge detection. In the case shown, the bat-
μA tery pack is too cold for fast charging (for instance,
1 2 3 4 5 brought in from a cold outside environment). During
1. NO POWER TO CHARGER TIME
2. CELL VOLTAGE LESS THAN 0.4V
time 2, the MAX712/MAX713 remain in trickle-charge
3. FAST CHARGE state. Once a safe temperature is reached (time 3), fast
4. TRICKLE CHARGE charge starts. When the battery temperature exceeds
5. CHARGER POWER REMOVED the limit set by THI, the MAX712/MAX713 revert to trick-
le charge (time 4).
Figure 2. Typical Charging Using Voltage Slope

VREF = VLIMIT
CELL TEMPERATURE

CELL VOLTAGE (V)

THI
1.5

1.4

TLO 1.3
CURRENT INTO CELL

A
CURRENT INTO CELL

mA mA

μA μA
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1. NO POWER TO CHARGER 1. BATTERY NOT INSERTED TIME
TIME
2. CELL TEMPERATURE TOO LOW 2. FAST CHARGE
3. FAST CHARGE 3. TRICKLE CHARGE
4. TRICKLE CHARGE 4. BATTERY REMOVED

Figure 3. Typical Charging Using Temperature Figure 4. Typical Charging with Battery Insertion

8 Maxim Integrated
 MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
The MAX712/MAX713 can be configured so that voltage battery pack is higher during a fast-charge cycle than
slope and/or battery temperature detects full charge. while in trickle charge or while supplying a load. The volt-
Figure 4 shows a charging event in which a battery is age across some battery packs may approach 1.9V/cell.
inserted into an already powered-up MAX712/MAX713. The 1.5V of overhead is needed to allow for worst-case
During time 1, the charger’s output voltage is regulated voltage drops across the pass transistor (Q1 of Typical
at the number of cells times VLIMIT. Upon insertion of
the battery (time 2), the MAX712/MAX713 detect cur- Q1 D1
rent flow into the battery and switch to fast-charge DC IN
state. Once full charge is detected, the device reverts
to trickle charge (time 3). If the battery is removed (time R2
4), the MAX712/MAX713 remain in trickle charge and R1
the output voltage is once again regulated as in time 1.
2N3904
Powering the MAX712/MAX713
AC-to-DC wall-cube adapters typically consist of a trans-
former, a full-wave bridge rectifier, and a capacitor. V+ DRV
Figures 10–12 show the characteristics of three con-
sumer product wall cubes. All three exhibit substantial MAX712
120Hz output voltage ripple. When choosing an adapter MAX713
for use with the MAX712/MAX713, make sure the lowest
wall-cube voltage level during fast charge and full load is
at least 1.5V higher than the maximum battery voltage Figure 5. DRV Pin Cascode Connection (for high DC IN voltage
while being fast charged. Typically, the voltage on the or to reduce MAX712/MAX713 power dissipation in linear mode)

Table 4. MAX712/MAX713 Charge-State Transition Table†

POWER_ON_RESET UNDER_VOLTAGE IN_REGULATION COLD HOT RESULT*
0 x x x x Set trickle
↑ 1 x x x No change
↑ x 1 x x No change
↑ x x 0 x No change
↑ x x x 0 No change***
↑ 0 0 1 1 Set fast
1 0 0 1 1 No change
1 0 0 ↓ 1 No change
1 ↓ 0 1 1 Set fast
1 0 ↓ 1 1 Set fast
1 0 0 1 ↑ No change***
1 0 0 ↑ 1 Set fast**
1 x x 0 x Trickle to fast transition inhibited
1 x x x 0 Trickle to fast transition inhibited
1 ↑ 0 x x Set trickle
1 0 ↑ x x Set trickle
1 x x x ↓ Set trickle

† Only two states exist: fast charge and trickle charge.

* Regardless of the status of the other logic lines, a timeout or a voltage-slope detection will set trickle charge.
** If the battery is cold at power-up, the first rising edge on COLD will trigger fast charge; however, a second rising edge will
have no effect.
*** Batteries that are too hot when inserted (or when circuit is powered up) will not enter fast charge until they cool and power is recycled.

Maxim Integrated 9
MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
charge until one of the three fast-charge terminating
DC IN conditions is triggered.
V+
If DC IN exceeds 20V, add a cascode connection in
series with the DRV pin as shown in Figure 5 to prevent
exceeding DRV’s absolute maximum ratings.
Select the current-limiting component (R1 or D4) to
REF
pass at least 5mA at the minimum DC IN voltage (see
DRV step 6 in the Getting Started section). The maximum
VLIMIT current into V+ determines power dissipation in the
MAX712/MAX713.
D1
maximum current into V+ =
CELL_VOLTAGE
GND (maximum DC IN voltage - 5V)/R1
power dissipation due to shunt regulator =
CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER 5V x (maximum current into V+)
PGM3 FAST_CHARGE Av Sink current into the DRV pin also causes power dissipa-
X 1 8 tion. Do not allow the total power dissipation to exceed
V+ 0 512 the specifications shown in the Absolute Maximum
OPEN 0 256
Ratings.
REF 0 128 CC
BATT- BATT- 0 64
C2 Fast Charge
The MAX712/MAX713 enter the fast-charge state under
one of the following conditions:
RSENSE
BATT- BATT-
1) Upon application of power (batteries already
installed), with battery current detection (i.e., GND
IN_REGULATION voltage is less than BATT- voltage), and TEMP
GND
1.25V higher than TLO and less than THI and cell voltage
BATT- higher than the UVLO voltage.
2) Upon insertion of a battery, with TEMP higher than
TLO and lower than THI and cell voltage higher than
Figure 6. Current and Voltage Regulator (linear mode) the UVLO voltage.
RSENSE sets the fast-charge current into the battery. In
fast charge, the voltage difference between the BATT-
Operating Circuit ), the diode (D1), and the sense and GND pins is regulated to 250mV. DRV current
resistor (RSENSE). This minimum input voltage require- increases its sink current if this voltage difference falls
ment is critical, because violating it can inhibit proper below 250mV, and decreases its sink current if the volt-
termination of the fast-charge cycle. A safe rule of age difference exceeds 250mV.
thumb is to choose a source that has a minimum input
fast-charge current (IFAST) = 0.25V/RSENSE
voltage = 1.5V + (1.9V x the maximum number of cells
to be charged). When the input voltage at DC IN drops Trickle Charge
below the 1.5V + (1.9V x number of cells), the part Selecting a fast-charge current (IFAST) of C/2, C, 2C, or
oscillates between fast charge and trickle charge and 4C ensures a C/16 trickle-charge current. Other fast-
might never completely terminate fast-charge. charge rates can be used, but the trickle-charge
The MAX712/MAX713 are inactive without the wall cube current will not be exactly C/16.
attached, drawing 5µA (max) from the battery. Diode The MAX712/MAX713 internally set the trickle-charge
D1 prevents current conduction into the DRV pin. When current by increasing the current amplifier gain (Figure
the wall cube is connected, it charges C1 through R1 6), which adjusts the voltage across R SENSE (see
(see Typical Operating Circuit) or the current-limiting Trickle-Charge VSENSE in the Electrical Characteristics
diode (Figure 19). Once C1 charges to 5V, the internal table).
shunt regulator sinks current to regulate V+ to 5V, and
fast charge commences. The MAX712/MAX713 fast

10 Maxim Integrated
 MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Table 5. Trickle-Charge Current
Q1 D1
Determination from PGM3 DC IN
FAST-CHARGE TRICKLE-CHARGE
PGM3
RATE CURRENT (ITRICKLE) V+ R7
V+ 4C IFAST/64 DRV

OPEN 2C IFAST/32 10k BATTERY

MAX712
REF C IFAST/16 MAX713
FASTCHG Q2
BATT- C/2 IFAST/8 10k

Nonstandard Trickle-Charge RSENSE

Current Example GND
Configuration:
Typical Operating Circuit Figure 7. Reduction of Trickle Current for NiMH Batteries
2 x Panasonic P-50AA 500mAh AA NiCd batteries (Linear Mode)
C/3 fast-charge rate
264-minute timeout output voltage exceeds the number of cells times
Negative voltage-slope cutoff enabled VLIMIT, or when the battery current exceeds the pro-
Minimum DC IN voltage of 6V grammed charging current.
Settings: For a linear-mode circuit, this loop provides the following
Use MAX713 functions:
PGM0 = V+, PGM1 = open, PGM2 = BATT-, 1) When the charger is powered, the battery can be
PGM3 = BATT-, RSENSE = 1.5Ω (fast-charge current, removed without interrupting power to the load.
IFAST = 167mA), R1 = (6V - 5V)/5mA = 200Ω
2) If the load is connected as shown in the Typical
Since PGM3 = BATT-, the voltage on RSENSE is regulat- Operating Circuit, the battery current is regulated
ed to 31.3mV during trickle charge, and the current is regardless of the load current (provided the input
20.7mA. Thus the trickle current is actually C/25, not power source can supply both).
C/16.
Voltage Loop
Further Reduction of Trickle-Charge The voltage loop sets the maximum output voltage
Current for NiMH Batteries between BATT+ and BATT-. If VLIMIT is set to less than
The trickle-charge current can be reduced to less than 2.5V, then:
C/16 using the circuit in Figure 7. In trickle charge,
some of the current will be shunted around the battery, Maximum BATT+ voltage (referred to BATT-) = VLIMIT x
since Q2 is turned on. Select the value of R7 as follows: (number of cells as determined by PGM0, PGM1)
R7 = (VBATT + 0.4V)/(lTRlCKLE - IBATT) VLIMIT should be set between 1.9V and 2.5V. If VLIMIT
is set below the maximum cell voltage, proper
where V BATT = battery voltage when charged termination of the fast-charge cycle might not occur.
ITRlCKLE = MAX712/MAX713 trickle-charge Cell voltage can approach 1.9V/cell, under fast charge,
current setting in some battery packs. Tie VLIMIT to VREF for normal
IBATT = desired battery trickle-charge current operation. Alternatively, connect VLIMIT to V+ to set the
maximum cell voltage to an internally preset 1.6V/cell.
Regulation Loop
The regulation loop controls the output voltage between With the battery removed, the MAX712/MAX713 do not
the BATT+ and BATT- terminals and the current provide constant current; they regulate BATT+ to the
through the battery via the voltage between BATT- and maximum voltage as determined above.
GND. The sink current from DRV is reduced when the

Maxim Integrated 11
MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
The voltage loop is stabilized by the output filter terminated. Note that each cycle has two tA intervals
capacitor. A large filter capacitor is required only if the and two voltage measurements.
load is going to be supplied by the MAX712/MAX713 in The MAX712 terminates fast charge when a compari-
the absence of a battery. In this case, set COUT as: son shows that the battery voltage is unchanging. The
COUT (in farads) = (50 x ILOAD)/(VOUT x BWVRL) MAX713 terminates when a conversion shows the bat-
where BWVRL = loop bandwidth in Hz tery voltage has fallen by at least 2.5mV per cell. This is
(10,000 recommended) the only difference between the MAX712 and MAX713.
COUT > 10µF Temperature Charge Cutoff
ILOAD = external load current in amps Figure 9a shows how the MAX712/MAX713 detect over-
and under-temperature battery conditions using negative
VOUT = programmed output voltage temperature coefficient thermistors. Use the same model
(VLIMIT x number of cells) thermistor for T1 and T2 so that both have the same
Current Loop nominal resistance. The voltage at TEMP is 1V (referred
Figure 6 shows the current-regulation loop for a linear- to BATT-) when the battery is at ambient temperature.
mode circuit. To ensure loop stability, make sure that The threshold chosen for THI sets the point at which
the bandwidth of the current regulation loop (BWCRL) is fast charging terminates. As soon as the voltage-on
lower than the pole frequency of transistor Q1 (fB). Set TEMP rises above THI, fast charge ends, and does not
BWCRL by selecting C2. restart after TEMP falls below THI.
BWCRL in Hz = gm/C2, C2 in farads, The threshold chosen for TLO determines the tem-
gm = 0.0018 Siemens perature below which fast charging will be inhibited.
The pole frequency of the PNP pass transistor, Q1, can If TLO > TEMP when the MAX712/MAX713 start up, fast
be determined by assuming a single-pole current gain charge will not start until TLO goes below TEMP.
response. Both fT and Bo should be specified on the The cold temperature charge inhibition can be disabled
data sheet for the particular transistor used for Q1. by removing R5, T3, and the 0.022μF capacitor; and by
fB in Hz = fT/Bo, fT in Hz, Bo = DC current gain tying TLO to BATT-.
Condition for Stability of Current-Regulation Loop: To disable the entire temperature comparator charge-
cutoff mechanism, remove T1, T2, T3, R3, R4, and R5,
BWCRL < fB and their associated capacitors, and connect THI to V+
The MAX712/MAX713 dissipate power due to the cur- and TLO to BATT-. Also, place a 68kQ resistor from
rent-voltage product at DRV. Do not allow the power REF to TEMP, and a 22kΩ resistor from BATT- to TEMP.
dissipation to exceed the specifications shown in the
Absolute Maximum Ratings. DRV power dissipation can
be reduced by using the cascode connection shown in
Figure 5.
Power dissipation due to DRV sink current =
(current into DRV) x (voltage on DRV) NEGATIVE
ZERO VOLTAGE
COUNTS

VOLTAGE SLOPE
Voltage-Slope Cutoff SLOPE CUTOFF FOR MAX712
The MAX712/MAX713’s internal analog-to-digital con- VOLTAGE CUTOFF FOR MAX712 OR MAX713
verter has 2.5mV of resolution. It determines if the bat- RISES ZERO
tery voltage is rising, falling, or unchanging by RESIDUAL
NEGATIVE
comparing the battery’s voltage at two different times. RESIDUAL
After power-up, a time interval of tA ranging from 21sec
0 POSITIVE RESIDUAL t
to 168sec passes (see Table 3 and Figure 8), then a
battery voltage measurement is taken. It takes 5ms to 5 5 5 5 5 5
perform a measurement. After the first measurement is tA ms tA ms tA ms tA ms tA ms tA ms
complete, another t A interval passes, and then a INTERVAL INTERVAL INTERVAL INTERVAL INTERVAL INTERVAL
second measurement is taken. The two measurements NOTE: SLOPE PROPORTIONAL TO VBATT
are compared, and a decision whether to terminate
charge is made. If charge is not terminated, another full Figure 8. Voltage Slope Detection
two-measurement cycle is repeated until charge is

12 Maxim Integrated
 MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Some battery packs come with a temperature-detect-
IN THERMAL ing thermistor connected to the battery pack’s negative
CONTACT WITH terminal. In this case, use the configuration shown in
BATTERY Figure 9b. Thermistors T2 and T3 can be replaced by
REF
standard resistors if absolute temperature charge cut-
R3
off is acceptable. All resistance values in Figures 9a
THI T1
and 9b should be chosen in the 10kΩ to 500kΩ range.
HOT
R4
AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE
__________Applications Information
TEMP 0.022μF
+2.0V Battery-Charging Examples
Figures 13 and 14 show the results of charging 3 AA,
COLD R5
T2 1000mAh, NiMH batteries from Gold Peak (part no.
TLO GP1000AAH, GP Batteries (619) 438-2202) at a 1A rate
using the MAX712 and MAX713, respectively. The
Typical Operating Circuit is used with Figure 9a’s
MAX712
MAX713 T3 thermistor configuration .
0.022μF 1μF

BATT-
DC IN = Sony AC-190 +9VDC at 800mA AC-DC adapter
PGM0 = V+, PGM1 = REF, PGM2 = REF, PGM3 = REF
AMBIENT R1 = 200Ω, R2 = 150Ω, RSENSE = 0.25Ω
TEMPERATURE C1 = 1µF, C2 = 0.01µF, C3 = 10µF, VLIMIT = REF
NOTE: FOR ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE CHARGE CUTOFF, T2 AND T3 CAN BE R3 = 10kΩ, R4 = 15kΩ
REPLACED BY STANDARD RESISTORS. T1, T2 = part #14A1002 (Alpha Sensors: 858-549-4660) R5
omitted, T3 omitted, TLO = BATT-
Figure 9a. Temperature Comparators

AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE
REF
11

MAX712/713
T2
THI 10
HOT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

R5 R3 HIGH PEAK
9
+2.0V
TEMP
1μF 8 120Hz RIPPLE
COLD
TLO
0.022μF 0.022μF R4 7 LOW PEAK

MAX712
T1 T3
MAX713 6
BATT- 0 200 400 600 800 1000

IN THERMAL AMBIENT LOAD CURRENT (mA)

CONTACT WITH TEMPERATURE
BATTERY
NOTE: FOR ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE CHARGE CUTOFF, T2 AND T3 CAN BE
REPLACED BY STANDARD RESISTORS.

Figure 9b. Alternative Temperature Comparator Configuration Figure 10. Sony Radio AC Adapter AC-190 Load Characteristic,
9VDC 800mA

Maxim Integrated 13
MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Linear-Mode, High Series Cell Count battery stack’s internal resistance. The circuit in Figure
The absolute maximum voltage rating for the BATT+ pin 16 can be used to shunt the sense resistor whenever
is higher when the MAX712/MAX713 are powered on. If power is removed from the charger.
more than 11 cells are used in the battery, the BATT+
input voltage must be limited by external circuitry when Status Outputs
DC IN is not applied (Figure 15). Figure 17 shows a circuit that can be used to indicate
charger status with logic levels. Figure 18 shows a
Efficiency During Discharge circuit that can be used to drive LEDs for power and
The current-sense resistor, RSENSE, causes a small charger status.
efficiency loss during battery use. The efficiency loss is
significant only if R SENSE is much greater than the

11 18

MAX712/713
MAX712/713

10 16
HIGH PEAK

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

9
14
HIGH PEAK
8
12
120Hz LOW PEAK
7 RIPPLE
LOW PEAK 10
6 120Hz
RIPPLE

5 8
0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 200 400 600 800
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA)

Figure 11. Sony CD Player AC Adapter AC-96N Load Figure 12. Panasonic Modem AC Adapter KX-A11 Load
Characteristic, 9VDC 600mA Characteristic, 12VDC 500mA

MAX712/713 MAX712/713
5.0 40 5.0 40
ΔV DV
CUTOFF CUTOFF
Δt Dt
4.9 38 4.9 38
BATTERY TEMPERATURE (°C)

BATTERY TEMPERATURE (°C)

4.8 36 4.8 36
BATTERY VOLTAGE (V)

BATTERY VOLTAGE (V)

4.7 34 4.7 34
V V
4.6 32 4.6 32

4.5 30 4.5 30
T T
4.4 28 4.4 28

4.3 26 4.3 26

4.2 24 4.2 24
0 30 60 90 0 30 60 90
TIME (MINUTES) TIME (MINUTES)

Figure 13. 3 NiMH Cells Charged with MAX712 Figure 14. NiMH Cells Charged with MAX713

14 Maxim Integrated
 MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Q1 D1
DC IN
TO
BATTERY
R2 POSITIVE
150Ω TERMINAL OV = NO POWER
V+
5V = POWER
33kΩ
Q2 MAX712
VCC
MAX713
500Ω 10kΩ

OV = FAST
FASTCHG
VCC = TRICKLE OR
DRV NO POWER

MAX712 BATT+
MAX713

Figure 15. Cascoding to Accommodate High Cell Counts for Figure 17. Logic-Level Status Outputs
Linear-Mode Circuits

DC IN
D1
R1

>4 CELLS
CHARGE POWER
MAX712 100kΩ
MAX713 V+
*
* LOW RON 470ΩMIN
100kΩ MAX712
RSENSE LOGIC LEVEL
V+ MAX713
N-CHANNEL
POWER
FAST CHARGE
MOSFET

GND FASTCHG

Figure 16. Shunting RSENSE for Efficiency Improvement Figure 18. LED Connection for Status Outputs

Maxim Integrated 15
MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Ordering Information (continued) ___________________Chip Topography

PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE BATT+ VLIMIT REF V+

MAX713CPE 0°C to +70°C 16 Plastic DIP
MAX713CSE 0°C to +70°C 16 Narrow SO
MAX713C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX713EPE -40°C to +85°C 16 Plastic DIP PGM0 DRV
MAX713ESE -40°C to +85°C 16 Narrow SO
MAX713MJE -55°C to +125°C 16 CERDIP** PGM1
*Contact factory for dice specifications.
**Contact factory for availability and processing to MIL-STD-883.
GND

0.126
Package Information (3.200mm)
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (foot-
prints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a BATT-
“+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. THI
Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the
drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
CC
PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE DOCUMENT NO.
16 Plastic DIP P16-1 21-0043 TLO

16 Narrow SO S16-1 21-0041

PGM3
16 CERDIP J16-3 21-0045

TEMP FASTCHG PGM2

0.80"
(2.032mm)

TRANSISTOR COUNT: 2193

SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO V+

16 Maxim Integrated
 MAX712/MAX713
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
Revision History
REVISION REVISION PAGES
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER DATE CHANGED
Removed switch mode power control and added missing package 1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12,
6 12/08
information 13, 14, 16, 17
7 7/13 Updated information on the VLIMIT pin 5, 11

Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent
licenses are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and
max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.

Maxim Integrated 160 Rio Robles, San Jose, CA 95134 USA 1-408-601-1000 ________________________________ 17
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