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    Weast FigureExperiment 2.05 - Wheatstone Bridge

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    Weast FigureExperiment 2.05 - Wheatstone Bridge

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    Weast FigureExperiment 2.05_ Wheatstone Bridge

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    Weast FigureExperiment 2.05 - Wheatstone Bridge

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    Nova Southeastern University

    NSUWorks

    Physics Lab Experiments with Simulated Data Department of Chemistry and Physics
    for Remote Delivery

    3-2022

    Experiment 2.05: Wheatstone Bridge


    Diego Castano

    Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/physics_labs

    Part of the Physics Commons


    I. EXPERIMENT 2.05: WHEATSTONE BRIDGE

    A. Abstract

    The Wheatstone bridge circuit is used to determine the resistances of several resistors.

    B. Formulas

    LL
    R= R0 (1)
    LR
    This equation is speci…c to the Wheatstone bridge circuit in the balanced condition described
    below.
    Resistor color codes:
    color no.
    black 0
    brown 1
    red 2
    orange 3
    yellow 4
    green 5
    blue 6
    violet 7
    gray 8
    white 9

    R = (10c1 + c2 ) 10c3

    where (c1 c2 c3 ) represents the resistor’s 3-color bands and R is the value of the resistance
    in Ohms.

    C. Description and Background

    The Wheatstone bridge circuit is used as one of two methods to determine the resistances
    of …ve carbon composition resistors. The second method uses an Ohmmeter. The rated re-

    1
    FIG. 1. The resistors used in the experiment.

    sistances of the resistors are color encoded as follows R = (10c1 + c2 ) 10c3 , where (c1 ; c2 ; c3 )
    are the three colors from left to right in Fig. 1.
    In Figure 2 below, the slider, S, is moved along the length of a meter long wire, and a
    contact button is pressed resulting in the circuit depicted in the schematic of Fig. 3.The
    contact button splits the wire into to lengths, LL and LR with resistances RL = LL =A
    and RR = LR =A, repectively. In the balanced condition, the galvanometer registers no
    current ‡ow.so that Vab = Vad and Vcb = Vcd . Equation (1) then follows from Ohm’s
    law. The resistance, R, is the test resistor (or unknown); the resistance, R0 , is a dialable
    resistance box. By setting a value for R0 , and …nding the location of the slider in the
    balanced condition, i.e., the values of LL and LR , the value of R can be determined.

    2
    D. Procedure

    FIG. 2. Wheatstone bridge set-up for the experiment.

    1. Set up the Wheatstone circuit in the …gure. Note that the portion of the slider wire
    labelled LL is on the side of the set-up with the unknown resistance R.

    2. Select a resistor (R in the …gure) to analyze; color decode its resistance and record
    this value.

    3. Set the R0 resistance (a resistance box) to be about 10% greater than the color value.

    4. Move the slider so that the needle on the galvanometer is not de‡ected.This is referred
    to as the balanced condition, and Eq. (1) holds.

    5. Record the length of the resistive wire to the left and to the right of the slider.

    6. Set the R0 resistance to be about 10% less than the color value.

    7. Move the slider so that the needle on the galvanometer is not de‡ected.

    8. Record the length of the resistive wire to the left and to the right of the slider.

    9. Measure the resistance using the ohmmeter. See Appendix I at the end of this docu-
    ment for important instructions on the use of multimeters.

    3
    10. Repeat this procedure for other resistors.

    FIG. 3. Wheatstone bridge schematic.

    4
    E. Measurements

    (+) (+) (+)


    resistor Rby color [ ] R0 1:1 Rby color [ ] LL [ cm ] LR [ cm ] ROhmmeter [ ]
    ( ) ( ) ( )
    R0 0:9 Rby color [ ] LL [ cm ] LR [ cm ]
    1

    5
    F. Instructions

    1. Use Eq. (1) to calculate the resistance of each resistor analyzed twice, once with the
    (+) data and once with the (-) data.

    2. Use the calculated values, RWB , for resistors 1-5 to determine the percent errors taking
    ROhmmeter as the accepted value.

    6
    G. Calculations

    resistor R(+) [ ] RWB = R(+) + R( )


    =2 [ ] %-Err (RW B )
    R( )
    [ ]
    1

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