Reviewer in 21ST Century Second Quarter

REVIEWER IN 21ST CENTURY SECOND QUARTER
Graphic Literature-also called sequential Western music, dance, art, recreation and
storytelling . customs were adopted by Filipinos.
-literature in the form of comics.
-has also come to encompass autobiographical March 16, 1521 - when the Portuguese explorer
narratives, nonfiction, and even poetry. Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippine
-comes in different genres, like horror, historical soil.
fiction, romance, science fiction, etc.
Homonhon - an island in Eastern Samar where
Japanese Manga-an example of graphic Magellan landed.
literature that has many followers.
-created in Japan/written in Japanese Limasawa - where the first Catholic mass in the
-A famous example is the historical fiction country was celebrated.
Rurouni Kenshin, written and illustrated by
Nobuhiro Watsuki. April 14, 1521 - when Fr. Pedro Valderrama
baptized.
Another famous manga is Death Note, written
by Tsugumi Ohba and illustrated by Takeshi More valuable than gold, spices were the
Obata. It is a fictional story focusing on death leading component of ancient commerce even
notes or notebooks from the underworld. before the 15th century.
Graphic Novels-can be fiction, non-fiction, Converting Filipinos to Christianity.

history, fantasy, or anything in-between. Graphic
novels are similar to comic books because they The Spaniards used a policy called reduccion,
use sequential art to tell a story. which is a means of relocation of scattered
-Popular examples are Alan Moore’s V for settlements to a large town. This way, Spanish
Vendetta and Watchmen and Neil Gaiman’s The friars were able to convert natives into
Sandman. Christianity.
-Filipino examples include Pablo Fabregas’
Filipino Heroes League and Adam David and Spanish priests believed that stories about
Mervin Malonzo’s Ang Subersibo. mythical creatures, spirits, deities, and rituals
contained works of the devil.
Comic Strips-periodicals released in serial format
-often short humorous or adventure stories. The parish priest was practically the only
-famous Filipino cartoonists include Apolonio Spaniard who had direct contact with Filipinos.
“Pol” Medina Jr. (Pugad Baboy) and Jess Abrera
(A. Lipin and Pinoy Members of the Reform Movement and wrote
for La Solidaridad:
The Spanish colonizers ruled the Philippines for Jose Rizal (Dimasalang/Laong Laan)
more than 300 years, from 1565 to 1898. Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
Mariano Ponce (Tikbalang/Kalipulako)
Apart from their influence on our religion and
culture, they have also greatly influenced the Revolutionaries and Kalayaan writers
literary works produced during that period. Andres Bonifacio (May Pag-asa)
Emilio Jacinto (Dimasilaw)
the desire of the Filipinos to be free from Spain. Both La Solidaridad and Kalayaan contributed to
secular writings during the period and ignited
June 12, 1898 - General Emilio Aguinaldo -It replaced the precolonial oral tradition that
proclaimed the independence of the Philippines the Filipino had since pasyon is recited in
from the Spanish colonial rule in his home in churches.
Kawit, Cavite. -It is consists of five-line stanzas with eight
syllables per line.
The first Filipino alphabet called baybayin was -The earliest known pasyon is the Ang Mahal na
replaced by the Roman alphabet. Pasión ni Jesu Christong Panginoon natin na Tola
in 1704.
Religious practices became based on the
teachings of Christian doctrine. Awit-This is a narrative poem that consists of 12
syllables per line and four
The Spanish language, which became the literary lines per stanza. The rhythm is slow and is
language during this time, lent many of its words usually accompanied by a
to our language. guitar or bandurya. It expresses adoration of the
Blessed Virgin Mary and platonic and courtly
European legends and traditions brought here love. A famous example of an awit is
became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and Francisco Balagtas’s Florante at Laura.
moro-moros.
Korido-It is another narrative poem that consists
Ancient literature was collected and translated of eight syllables per line and four lines per
to Tagalog and other dialects. stanza.
-It has a faster rhythm compared to an awit.
Our periodicals during the Spanish colonization -An example of a korido is Ibong Adarna, which
gained a religious tone. contains 1,722 stanzas and has five parts.
Philippine poems during the precolonial period Dalit- It is a religious poem in honor of the
It focused on religion and values, which became Blessed Virgin Mary.
instruments in spreading Christianity.
Francisco Baltazar - He is one of the famous
Ladino-It is a bilingual poem with religious poets of the Spanish colonial period.
themes. -He wrote the awit Florante at Laura, a
-It is characterized by alternating lines or verses metaphor for the tyranny of the Spanish
in Tagalog and Spanish. colonizers.
-He is considered the master of traditional
In the Philippines, a book entitled Memorial de Tagalog poetry.
la vida Cristiana en lengua Tagala (Guidelines for
the Christian Life in the Tagalog Language) by Fr. Prose during the Spanish Colonial Period
Francisco Blancas de San Jose included a ladino The colonization of the Spaniards for more than
or bilingual complimentary poem written by 300 years shaped our cultural heritage. Most of
Francisco Bagongbanta known by its first line the prose written during this period were
“Salamat nang walang hanggan” (“Unending prayers, novenas, stories about the lives of
Thanks”). saints, and those taken from the Bible to teach
values.
Pasyon- It is a narrative poem about the
passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. In 1593, a prayer book called the Doctrina
Christiana en lengua Española y tagala (Christian
Tomas Pinpin’s Librong Pagaaralan nang manga Doctrine in the Spanish and Tagalog Languages)
Tagalog nang uicang Castilla (A Book for the
Tagalog to Study the Spanish Language) was the was one of the first books printed in the
first published work by a Filipino and contains a Philippines.
preface that is probably the first essay written by Most dramas during the period focused on the
a Filipino. life of Jesus Christ.
Anecdotes-These are short and amusing stories Karagatan- It is a form of poetic contest usually
that contain lessons in life. played as part of the rites held in connection
with the death of a person.
Pláticas (Sermons)- These are lectures presented -It is based on a legend about a lady’s ring that
by Spanish priests that dealt with religious, fell in the middle of the sea; the lady’s hand is
biblical, and moral topics. offered in marriage as a reward to any young
man who could retrieve the ring.
In 1864, Padre Modesto de Castro compiled 25
of his sermons in Pláticas Doctrinales (Sermons Duplo-It is another poetic contest held when a
on Doctrines). person dies or during the wake and consists of
puns, jokes, and riddles to relieve sadness.
Novenas- It is a series of prayers repeated for
nine consecutive days and are usually prayers for Senakulo-It portrays the life, passion, and
petition and thanksgiving. crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
Novels- These are long narrative stories, usually Tibag- It tells how Saint Helena, also called Santa
with fictional characters and with a sequence of Elena or Reyna Elena, searched for Jesus’s cross
events divided into chapters. on Mount Calvary.
Essays- These are personal pieces of writing that Moriones- It is a festival in celebration of the life
use the point of view of the writer. of Saint Longinus, a blind Roman soldier tasked
to drive a spear through Jesus to make sure he
One of the most important essays during the was dead; he regained his eyesight when Jesus’s
Spanish colonial period is “Ang Dapat Mabatid blood touched him, and he converted to
ng mga Tagalog” by Andres Bonifacio. It was Christianity.
published in the newspaper Kalayaan.
Moro-moro-It is a play written about the victory
Drama during the Spanish Colonial Period of a Christian Filipino army over Muslim forces.
Drama- is one form of literature that many In 1637, Gran Comedia de la Toma del Pueblo de
people love and enjoy. Corralat y Conquista del Cerro, written by Padre
Geronimo Perez, was the first moro-moro
During the precolonial period performed in Manila.
Performances in the Philippines were in the
form of rituals. Panunuluyan-It is presented before 12:00 A.M.
on Christmas Eve. It is a presentation of the
During the Spanish regime search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an
The rituals were replaced by drama. inn where Mary can give birth to Jesus.
During the Spanish regime The Salubong (or Panubong)

Dramas were performed to spread Christianity. -It depicts the moment when the Risen Christ
met his mother.
-It is being shown during the Easter morning.

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Reviewer in 21ST Century Second Quarter

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REVIEWER IN 21ST CENTURY SECOND QUARTER

Graphic Novels-can be fiction, non-fiction, Converting Filipinos to Christianity.

During the Spanish regime The Salubong (or Panubong)

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