Spanish Period

SPANISH PERIOD
(1565 – 1898)
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 1521 was the year the Spanish Colonizers came, but their first permanent
settlement in the Philippines is in 1565.
 It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines
started in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first
Spanish governor-general in the Philippines
 The Spanish colonization was formalized with the establishment of
Manila as the capital of the Spanish East Indies in 1571.
 Revolts against Spanish rule include:
 Tondo Conspiracy in 1587
 Pampanga Revolt in 1660
 Cavite Mutiny in 1872.
 Propaganda Movement (19th century): They advocated for political
reforms and called for greater representation of Filipinos in the Spanish
government.
 Philippine Revolution (1896):
1. Led by the revolutionary organization Katipunan.
2. The revolution aimed to overthrow Spanish rule and establish an
independent Philippine republic.
 End of Spanish colonization: In 1898, the Spanish-American War broke
out, and Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States through the
Treaty of Paris.
 What was one of the major goals of Spanish Colonization in the
Philippines? - To spread CHRISTIANITY
 Their lifestyles changed too
1. They embraced the Catholic religion, changed their named, and
were baptized.
2. This gave rise to the formation of the different classes of society
like the rich and the landlords.
3. Some Filipinos finished courses like medicine, law, agriculture and
eaching.
SPANISH INFLUENCES
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman
alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious
practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this
time lent many of its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our
songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other
dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and
Visayan
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
THE FIRST BOOKS

 Ang Doctrina Christiana
 first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography
 written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva
 Contents:
1. Pater Noster (Out Father)
2. Ave Maria (Hail Mary)
3. Regina Coeli (Hail Holy Queen)
4. Ten Commandments of God
5. Commandments of the Catholic Church
6. the Seven Mortal Sins
7. How to Confess
8. Cathecism
 Nuestra Señora del Rosario

 second book printed in the Philippines
 written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602
 printed at the UST Printing Press with the help of Juan de Vera
 Contents:
1. biographies of saints
2. novenas
3. questions and answers on religion
 Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre
 first book printed in typography
 written by Francisco Blancas de San Jose
 Contents:
1. biography of the Four Fathers of the Catholic Church
 Ang Barlaan at Josephat

 first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines even if it is only a
translation
 a Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog
from Greek
 written by Fr. Antonio de Borja
 printed translation has only 556 pages
 Ilocano translation in poetry was done by Fr. Agustin Mejia
 The Pasion
 The book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ.
 It is read only during Lent.
 4 versions in Tagalog
1. Pilapil version by Mariano Pilapil of Bulacan, 1814
2. de Belen version by Gaspar Aquino de Belen, 1704),
3. de la Merced by Aniceto de la Merced of Norzagaray,
Bulacan,1856)
4. de Guia version by Luis de Guia in 1750.
 Urbana and Felisa

 A book by Modesto de Castro, the so called Father of Classic Prose
in Tagalog.
 These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and have
influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the
letters dealt with good behavior.
 Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms For Mary)
 A collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary.
 Fr. Mariano Sevilla, a Filipino priest, wrote this in 1865 and it was
popular especially during the Maytime “Flores de Mayo” festival.
LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
 Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and rules of the Tagalog
language). Written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose and translated to Tagalog
by Tomas Pinpin in 1610.
 Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language).
Written by Fr. Gaspar de San Agustin in 1703.
 Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary). The first Tagalog
dictionary written by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613.
 Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampanga vocabulary). The first
book in Pampanga written by Fr. Diego in 1732.
 Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary). The best
language book in Visayan by Mateo Sanchez in 1711.
 Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language). The first
Ilocano grammar book by Francisco Lopez.
 Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol language). The first
book in the Bicol language and written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754.
FOLK SONGS - truly manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show
the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for and love of beauty
 Examples:
Leron-Leron Sinta – Tagalog
Pamulinawen Iloko
Dandansoy – Bisaya
Sarong Banggi – Bicol
Atin Cu Pung Singsing – Kapampangan
RECREATIONAL PLAYS - There are many recreational plays

performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of them were in
poetic form. Here are examples...
a) Tibag - means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the Spaniard
to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on
which Jesus died.
b) Lagaylay – this is a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during
Maytime to get together. As early as April, the participating ladies are
chosen and sometimes, mothers volunteer their girls in order to fulfill a
vow made during an illness or for a favor received.
c) The Cenaculo – this is a dramatic performance to commemorate the
passion and death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds: the Cantada and
Hablada.
1. Hablada - the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner
showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyming in
each stanza and is more dignified in theme;
2. Cantada - is chanted like the Pasion.
d) Panunuluyan – this is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a
presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn
wherein to deliver the baby Jesus
e) The Salubong (or Panubong) – The Salubong is an Easter play that
dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother.
f) Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment
performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights
after a harvest.
g) The Zarzuela – it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which
dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty,
avarice or some social or political proble.
h) The Sainete – They were exaggerated comedies shown between acts of
long plays and were mostly performed by characters from the lower
classes.
i) The Moro-Moro - It is presented on a special stage. It is about a Christian
princess who is captured by the Mohammedans. The father organizes a
rescue party where fighting between the Moros and Christians ensues.
j) Karagatan - This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated
during the death of a person.
k) Duplo - This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are
taken from the Bible and from proverbs and saying. The duplo is more
formal and better organized than the karagatan. The duplo has for its
actors trained men and women, while the karagatan has not.
l) Balagtasan - A Filipino form of debate done in verse. Derived from the
name of Francisco Balagtas, this art presents a type of literature in which
thoughts or reasoning are expressed through speech.
m) Dung-aw – a dirge or lament which traditionally includes poetry, but
which most often is extemporized, as the mourner expresses her grief and
remembers the life and death of the love one.
Example:
Ay ama nga nageb-ebba
Dinak man kaasian aya
A panawan a sisina
Tay uneg balay a kasa
n) Awit and Corrido

1. Awit – dodecasyllabic (12-syllables): Invented stories from writer’s
imagination although setting and the characters are European.
(example: Florante at Laura)
2. Corrido – octosyllabic verse (8 syllables): were legends/stories
from European countries like France, Spain, Italy and Greece.
(example: Ibong Adarna

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SPANISH PERIOD

THE FIRST BOOKS

 Nuestra Señora del Rosario

 Ang Barlaan at Josephat

 Urbana and Felisa

RECREATIONAL PLAYS - There are many recreational plays

n) Awit and Corrido

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