1. .

Input user's name and display "Hello <username>"

name = input("Enter your name: ")

print("Hello", name)

2. Concatenate two strings

str1 = "Hello"
str2 = "World"
concatenated_str = str1 + " " + str2
print(concatenated_str)

3. Program to convert USD to INR where 1 USD = 75 INR

usd_amount = float(input("Enter amount in USD: "))

inr_amount = usd_amount * 75
print("Equivalent amount in INR:", inr_amount)

4. Program to calculate square root of a number

num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

square_root = num ** 0.5
print("Square root:", square_root)

5. Program to calculate square root of a number using math module

import math
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
square_root = math.sqrt(num)
print("Square root:", square_root)

6. Program to find greatest of three numbers

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))

num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter third number: "))
greatest = max(num1, num2, num3)
print("The greatest number is:", greatest)

7. Program to find out if entered year is a leap year or not

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):
print(year, "is a leap year")
 else:
print(year, "is not a leap year")

8. Program to find out if entered number is even or odd

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if num % 2 == 0:
print(num, "is even")
else:
print(num, "is odd")

9. Program to make use of conditional operator in Python

x = int(input("Enter a number: "))

y = int(input("Enter another number: "))

max_num = x if x > y else y

print("The maximum number is:", max_num)

10. Program to calculate area of triangle, square, and rectangle

base = float(input("Enter base of triangle: "))

height = float(input("Enter height of triangle: "))
triangle_area = 0.5 * base * height
print("Area of triangle:", triangle_area)

side = float(input("Enter side length of square: "))

square_area = side ** 2
print("Area of square:", square_area)

length = float(input("Enter length of rectangle: "))

width = float(input("Enter width of rectangle: "))
rectangle_area = length * width
print("Area of rectangle:", rectangle_area)

11. Program to calculate square and cube of a number

num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

square = num ** 2
cube = num ** 3
print("Square:", square)
print("Cube:", cube)
12. Program to ask user to enter a number and display if the number is positive, negative, or
zero

num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

if num > 0:
print("Positive number")
elif num < 0:
print("Negative number")
else:
print("Zero")

13. Program to ask user to enter a number and display if it is a prime number or not

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
print(num, "is not a prime number")
break
else:
print(num, "is a prime number")
else:
print(num, "is not a prime number")

14. . Program to ask user to enter their marks of 5 subjects, display average score &
percentage with their grade

marks = []

for i in range(5):
subject_mark = float(input("Enter marks for subject {}: ".format(i + 1)))
marks.append(subject_mark)

total_marks = sum(marks)
average_score = total_marks / 5
percentage = (total_marks / (5 * 70)) * 100

grade = ""
if percentage >= 90:
grade = "A+"
elif percentage >= 80:
 grade = "A"
elif percentage >= 70:
grade = "B"
elif percentage >= 60:
grade = "C"
elif percentage >= 50:
grade = "D"
else:
grade = "F"

print("Average score:", average_score)

print("Percentage:", percentage)
print("Grade:", grade)

15. Program to reverse a list without using built-in functions

original_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
reversed_list = []

for i in range(len(original_list) - 1, -1, -1):

reversed_list.append(original_list[i])

print("Original List:", original_list)

print("Reversed List:", reversed_list)

16. Program to create a list of numbers and display every prime number from the list. If there
are no prime numbers in the list, display "No prime numbers found"

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

prime_numbers = []

for num in numbers:

if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
break
else:
prime_numbers.append(num)

if prime_numbers:
print("Prime numbers:", prime_numbers)
else:
print("No prime numbers found")
17. Program to ask user for a number (n) and then create a list of random integers with n
elements

import random

n = int(input("Enter the number of elements: "))

random_list = [random.randint(1, 100) for _ in range(n)]
print("Random List:", random_list)

18. Program to print the table (up to 20) of any number that user enters

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

for i in range(1, 21):

print(num, "x", i, "=", num * i)

19. Program to print the following pattern:

*
***
*****
***
*

rows = 5

for i in range(1, rows + 1):

print("*" * i)

for i in range(rows - 1, 0, -1):

print("*" * i)

20. Program to print the following pattern:

*
***
*****

rows = 3

for i in range(1, rows + 1):

print("*" * (2*i - 1))
21. Program to print the following pattern:
*****
***
*

rows = 3

for i in range(rows, 0, -1):

print("*" * (2*i - 1))

22. Program to print the following pattern:

*
**
***
****

rows = 4

for i in range(1, rows + 1):

print("*" * i)

23. Program to print the following pattern:

1
12
123
1234

rows = 4

for i in range(1, rows + 1):

for j in range(1, i + 1):
print(j, end="")
print()

24. Program to print the following pattern:

1
22
333
4444
55555

rows = 5
 for i in range(1, rows + 1):
print(str(i) * i)

25. Program with a function to reverse the given number

def reverse_number(num):
return int(str(num)[::-1])

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

reversed_number = reverse_number(number)
print("Reversed number:", reversed_number)

26. Program to print reverse of a number but do not use any loops

def reverse_number(num):
return int(str(num)[::-1])

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

reversed_number = reverse_number(number)
print("Reversed number:", reversed_number)

27. Program to print the sum of digits of an entered number

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

sum_of_digits = sum(map(int, str(abs(number))))
print("Sum of digits:", sum_of_digits)

28. Program to print the product of digits of an entered number

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

product_of_digits = 1

for digit in str(abs(number)):

product_of_digits *= int(digit)

print("Product of digits:", product_of_digits)

29. Program to check if the entered number is a palindrome or not

def is_palindrome(num):
return str(num) == str(num)[::-1]

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if is_palindrome(number):
 print("Palindrome")
else:
print("Not a palindrome")

30. Program with a function which returns True if the entered number is a palindrome

def is_palindrome(num):
return str(num) == str(num)[::-1]

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if is_palindrome(number):
print("Palindrome")
else:
print("Not a palindrome")

31. Program to determine if an entered number is an Armstrong number or not

def is_armstrong(num):
num_str = str(num)
power = len(num_str)
sum_of_digits = sum(int(digit) ** power for digit in num_str)
return sum_of_digits == num

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if is_armstrong(number):
print("Armstrong number")
else:
print("Not an Armstrong number")

32. Program to add, subtract, multiply, and divide matrices

import numpy as np

# Define matrices
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
matrix2 = np.array([[9, 8, 7], [6, 5, 4], [3, 2, 1]])

# Addition
print("Addition:")
print(np.add(matrix1, matrix2))

# Subtraction
print("Subtraction:")
print(np.subtract(matrix1, matrix2))
 # Multiplication
print("Multiplication:")
print(np.matmul(matrix1, matrix2))

# Division
print("Division:")
print(np.divide(matrix1, matrix2))

33. Program to find the largest number from a list

numbers = [5, 8, 2, 10, 3]

largest_number = max(numbers)
print("Largest number:", largest_number)

34. . Program to sort a list in descending order

numbers = [5, 8, 2, 10, 3]

sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers, reverse=True)
print("Sorted list in descending order:", sorted_numbers)

35. Program to perform set operations

set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

# Union
print("Union:", set1.union(set2))

# Intersection
print("Intersection:", set1.intersection(set2))

# Difference
print("Difference (set1 - set2):", set1.difference(set2))
print("Difference (set2 - set1):", set2.difference(set1))

# Symmetric Difference
print("Symmetric Difference:", set1.symmetric_difference(set2))

36. Program to ask the user for details like name, age, date of birth, and save it in a
dictionary

user_details = {}
 user_details['name'] = input("Enter your name: ")
user_details['age'] = int(input("Enter your age: "))
user_details['date_of_birth'] = input("Enter your date of birth (YYYY-MM-DD): ")

print("User details:", user_details)

37. Program to input a tuple of n items from the user and display the sum of all digits of the
tuple

tuple_elements = tuple(input("Enter elements separated by spaces: ").split())

total_sum = 0
for item in tuple_elements:
for char in item:
if char.isdigit():
total_sum += int(char)

print("Sum of digits:", total_sum)

38. Print the entered number in words

def number_to_words(number):
words_dict = {
'0': 'Zero',
'1': 'One',
'2': 'Two',
'3': 'Three',
'4': 'Four',
'5': 'Five',
'6': 'Six',
'7': 'Seven',
'8': 'Eight',
'9': 'Nine'
}

return ' '.join(words_dict[char] for char in str(number))

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

print("Number in words:", number_to_words(number))

39. Ask the user to enter a string. Count the number of upper case, lower case letters and
digits in the string and display the data.

string = input("Enter a string: ")

 upper_count = sum(1 for char in string if char.isupper())
lower_count = sum(1 for char in string if char.islower())
digit_count = sum(1 for char in string if char.isdigit())

print("Number of uppercase letters:", upper_count)

print("Number of lowercase letters:", lower_count)
print("Number of digits:", digit_count)

40. Ask the user to enter a password. Check the password for the given conditions.

import re

password = input("Enter a password: ")

if len(password) < 8:
print("Password should be at least 8 characters long.")
elif not re.search("[a-z]", password):
print("Password should contain at least one lowercase letter.")
elif not re.search("[A-Z]", password):
print("Password should contain at least one uppercase letter.")
elif not re.search("[!@#$%^&*]", password):
print("Password should contain at least one special character.")
else:
print("Valid password.")

41. Program to ask the user for a number and calculate its factorial using a function.

def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

print("Factorial of", number, "is", factorial(number))

42. Write a Python module containing basic math functions such as average of numbers,
add n numbers, square of a number, cube of a number, factorial of a number. Import the
module in another file and demonstrate the use of all functions.

math_functions.py:
def average(*args):
return sum(args) / len(args)
 def add(*args):
return sum(args)

def square(num):
return num ** 2

def cube(num):
return num ** 3

def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

main.py:

import math_functions

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print("Average:", math_functions.average(*numbers))
print("Sum:", math_functions.add(*numbers))
print("Square of 2:", math_functions.square(2))
print("Cube of 3:", math_functions.cube(3))
print("Factorial of 5:", math_functions.factorial(5))

43. Program to print the calendar of the year 2020.

import calendar

year = 2020
print(calendar.calendar(year))

44. Program to print the calendar of the month the user wants. Ask the user to enter the
month and year.

import calendar

year = int(input("Enter the year: "))

month = int(input("Enter the month: "))

print(calendar.month(year, month))
45. Program to overload a function named as 'greet'. It must accept at most 2 and at least
no parameters. If two parameters are given, it should print a message with the user's
name and the message to print.

def greet(name=None, message=None):

if name and message:
print(f"Hello {name}, {message}")
elif name:
print(f"Hello {name}")
else:
print("Hello")

# Test cases
greet()
greet("Alice")
greet("Bob", "Good morning!")

46. Program with an overloaded function area() which can be used to calculate the area of
square and rectangle.

def area(length, width=None):

if width is None:
# Calculate area of square
return length ** 2
else:
# Calculate area of rectangle
return length * width

# Test cases
print("Area of square (side 5):", area(5))
print("Area of rectangle (length 4, width 6):", area(4, 6))

47. Program with an overloaded function volume() which can be used to calculate the area
of cube, cuboid, and cylinder.

import math

def volume(shape, *args):

if shape == "cube":
# Calculate volume of cube
side = args[0]
return side ** 3
elif shape == "cuboid":
 # Calculate volume of cuboid
length, width, height = args
return length * width * height
elif shape == "cylinder":
# Calculate volume of cylinder
radius, height = args
return math.pi * radius ** 2 * height

# Test cases
print("Volume of cube (side 4):", volume("cube", 4))
print("Volume of cuboid (3x4x5):", volume("cuboid", 3, 4, 5))
print("Volume of cylinder (radius 2, height 6):", volume("cylinder", 2, 6))

48. Program to create a class Person with basic attributes such as name, age, and address.
Create another class Employee which is derived from Person and store information like
designation, company_name, and salary. Display all the information.

class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, address):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.address = address

class Employee(Person):
def __init__(self, name, age, address, designation, company_name, salary):
super().__init__(name, age, address)
self.designation = designation
self.company_name = company_name
self.salary = salary

def display_info(self):
print("Name:", self.name)
print("Age:", self.age)
print("Address:", self.address)
print("Designation:", self.designation)
print("Company Name:", self.company_name)
print("Salary:", self.salary)

# Test case
emp = Employee("Alice", 30, "123 Main St", "Manager", "ABC Inc.", 50000)
emp.display_info()
 49. Program to implement composition relation.

class Engine:
def __init__(self, horsepower):
self.horsepower = horsepower

class Car:
def __init__(self, make, model, engine):
self.make = make
self.model = model
self.engine = engine

def display_info(self):
print("Make:", self.make)
print("Model:", self.model)
print("Engine Horsepower:", self.engine.horsepower)

# Composition: Car "has a" Engine

engine = Engine(200)
car = Car("Toyota", "Camry", engine)
car.display_info()

50. Python program to create a class 'Degree' having a method 'getDegree' that prints "I got
a degree". It has two subclasses namely 'Undergraduate' and 'Postgraduate' each
having a method with the same name that prints "I am an Undergraduate" and "I am a
Postgraduate" respectively. Call the method by creating an object of each of the three
classes.

class Degree:
def get_degree(self):
print("I got a degree")

class Undergraduate(Degree):
def get_degree(self):
print("I am an Undergraduate")

class Postgraduate(Degree):
def get_degree(self):
print("I am a Postgraduate")

# Test cases
degree = Degree()
degree.get_degree()
undergrad = Undergraduate()
undergrad.get_degree()

postgrad = Postgraduate()
postgrad.get_degree()

51. Ask the user to enter a password. If the password is not 8 characters long, throw
BadPasswordError.

class BadPasswordError(Exception):
pass

password = input("Enter a password: ")

if len(password) < 8:
raise BadPasswordError("Password should be at least 8 characters long.")
else:
print("Password is valid.")

52. Write a program to ask the user for a number to check if it is prime or not. If the user
enters an alphabet or special character instead of the number, display "only numbers are
allowed".

def is_prime(n):
if n <= 1:
return False
for i in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1):
if n % i == 0:
return False
return True

try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if is_prime(num):
print(num, "is a prime number.")
else:
print(num, "is not a prime number.")
except ValueError:
print("Only numbers are allowed.")

53. Program to print Fibonacci series of n elements. Ask the user to enter the value of n.

def fibonacci(n):
fib_sequence = [0, 1]
 for i in range(2, n):
fib_sequence.append(fib_sequence[-1] + fib_sequence[-2])
return fib_sequence

n = int(input("Enter the number of elements: "))

print("Fibonacci series of", n, "elements:", fibonacci(n))

54. . Program with a function which returns a list of Fibonacci elements.

def fibonacci_list(n):
fib_sequence = [0, 1]
for i in range(2, n):
fib_sequence.append(fib_sequence[-1] + fib_sequence[-2])
return fib_sequence

n = int(input("Enter the number of elements: "))

print("Fibonacci series:", fibonacci_list(n))

55. Program to write data into a file. Take the data from the user.

data = input("Enter data to write into the file: ")

with open("data.txt", "w") as file:

file.write(data)

print("Data has been written to the file.")

56. Program to copy contents of one file to another.

source_file = input("Enter source file name: ")

destination_file = input("Enter destination file name: ")

with open(source_file, "r") as source:

with open(destination_file, "w") as destination:
destination.write(source.read())

print("Contents copied from", source_file, "to", destination_file)

57. Program to print the number of digits in the file.

filename = input("Enter file name: ")

with open(filename, "r") as file:

content = file.read()
 digit_count = sum(1 for char in content if char.isdigit())

print("Number of digits in the file:", digit_count)