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3-GSA Lec 04 - SWM

The document discusses different methods of solid waste management and disposal. It describes the concepts of waste hierarchy, reduction, reuse and recycling. It then explains various waste disposal techniques like landfills, incineration, composting and natural methods providing their advantages and disadvantages.

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Humaira Ghaffar
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53 views

3-GSA Lec 04 - SWM

The document discusses different methods of solid waste management and disposal. It describes the concepts of waste hierarchy, reduction, reuse and recycling. It then explains various waste disposal techniques like landfills, incineration, composting and natural methods providing their advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

Humaira Ghaffar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE NO.

04
Learning Outcomes
Solid waste management
 Solid waste disposal
Solid waste management
“The study of disposal of domestic, commercial or
industrial solid wastes or semisolid materials is called
solid waste Management”
Solid waste management involves waste generation, mode
of collection, transportation, segregation of wastes and
disposal techniques
Steps involved in solid waste management: Two important
steps involved in solid waste management are:
(a)Waste management: Reduce, Reuse and Recycle of Raw
Materials
(b) Disposal: Discarding wastes
Waste Management: Waste hierarchy
Waste hierarchy refers to 3 Rs Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Minimizing solid waste:
Recyclable (reduces volume of waste and energy): Paper,
plastics, metals, glass, wood
Reusable: Textiles, leather, rubber, metals, wood, old books &
clothes
Compostable: Yard trimmings, food scraps (vegetable)
Reduce waste: Minimizing packaging, Paper-less offices,
Waste Disposal
The following methods are adopted for discarding wastes:
Landfill
Incineration
Composting
Natural Methods

1. Landfill
Solid wastes are placed in a landfill in which alternate layers
of refuse are covered with selected earth-fill
After 2-3 years solid waste volume shrinks by 25-30%
This is the most common and cheapest method of waste
disposal and is mostly employed in developing countries
 Structure of a Landfill
i. Bottom Liner
ii. Cells
iii. Leachate Collection system
iv. Methane Collection system
v. Cover or Cap
vi. Groundwater monitoring Stations
Types of landfills
Sanitary LFs: Accept hazardous waste such as hospital waste
Municipal solid waste LFs: Accept household waste
Construction and demolition LFs: Accepts debris
Industrial LFs: Accepts specified industrial wastes; usually
mono-fills
Advantages:
Simple and economical
Segregation of wastes is not required
Land-filled areas can be reclaimed and used for other purposes
Converts low-lying, marshy waste-land into useful areas
Natural resources are returned to soil and recycled
Disadvantages
 Large area is required
Land availability is away from the town, transportation costs are
high
Leads to bad odor if landfill is not properly managed
Land filled areas will be sources of mosquitoes and flies requiring
application of insecticides and pesticides at regular intervals
Causes fire hazard due to formation of methane in wet weather
2. Incineration
It is a hygienic way of disposing solid waste. It is suitable if waste
contains more hazardous material and organic content
It is a thermal process and very effective for detoxification of all
combustible pathogens. It is expensive when compared to
composting or land-filling
In this method solid wastes are burnt in a furnace called
incinerator
Combustible substances such as rubbish, garbage, dead
organisms and non-combustible matter such as glass, porcelain
and metals are separated before feeding to incinerators
 The non-combustible materials can be left out for recycling and
reuse. The leftover ashes and clinkers may account for about 10 to
20% which need further disposal by sanitary landfill or some
other means
Highly exothermic process
 Advantages
 Residue is only 20-25% of the original and can be used as
clinker after treatment in Cement industry
 Requires very little space
 Cost of transportation is not high if the incinerator is
located within city limits
An incinerator plant of 3000 tons per day capacity can
generate 3 MW of power
 Disadvantages
Its capital and operating cost is high
Operation needs skilled personnel
Formation of smoke, dust and ashes needs further disposal
and that may cause air pollution
3. Composting
“Biological Treatment of food (organic) waste under
controlled conditions of pressure and temperature”
Exothermic process
Only applicable to organic waste
Advantages:
Compost-Saleable product
High temperature kills pathogens and weed seeds
Soil conditioner
Disadvantages:
Time-taking as compared to manufactured fertilizer
Non-consumables have to be disposed separately
4. Natural Methods
Bio-remediation: Use of Biological organisms to solve
environmental problems
Removing toxins from contaminated soil
Transform hazardous chemical compounds to non-
hazardous end products
Phyto-remediation
Use of plants to solve environmental problems
Soil and water problems

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