HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

&
PARAGRAPH WRITING MODULE

Grade XII – Semester 2

Academic Year 2017 - 2018

Compiled by: Theresia Riya Vernalita H., S. Pd.

Learning Objectives:
 Students are able to identify topic sentence and thesis statement
 Students are able to make a topic sentence and thesis statement
 Students are able to write an effective paragraph

Conceptual Map

Definition

Generic Structure
Hortatory Exposition
vs Analytical
Exposition Text
Purpose

Language Feature

Paragraphs, Thesis
statement & Topic
Sentences

Writing Effective Types of paragraphs

Paragraphs in a basic essay

Guide to essay
paragraph
Definition :

A hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or
readers that something should or should not happen or be done. In other words, the main function
of Hortatory Exposition text is to persuade the readers or listener that something should or should
not be the case. To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the
fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can be called as
argumentation. Hortatory exposition text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines,
newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Hortatory expositions are
popular among science, academic community and educated people. It means that the text asserts
something to the readers by giving supporting statement and evidence to convince it. To make the
persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer gives some arguments as the fundamental reasons why
something is the case.

Social function :
To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case

Generic structure :
Generic structure
 Thesis  it presents announcement of issue of concern.
 Arguments  it presents the reasons for concern, leading to recommendation.
 Recommendation  it presents the statement of what ought or ought not to happen.

The generic structure of hortatory exposition is:

1. An Introductory Statement: It consists of the author’s point of view (thesis), preview of the
arguments that will follow in the next section, and a question or emotional statement to get
audience attention.
2. A series of arguments to convince the audience: This part is significant to support about the
thesis. Therefore, it needs some requirements.
They are explained as follow;  A new paragraph is used for each argument 5  Each new paragraph
begins with topic sentence  After topic sentence comes the details to support the arguments 
Emotive words are used to persuade the audience into believing the author.
3. Recommendation: statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the given
arguments.

Language features :
* Emotive words, such as : alarmed, worried
* Words that qualify statements, such as : usual, probably
* Words that link arguments, such as : firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
* Usually present tense
* Compound and complex sentences
* Modal auxiliary, such as : can, may, must, should

Lexicogrammatical features
 Focus on generic human and non-human participants
 The use material processes
 Using Present Tense
 Using conjunction
Example :
Learning English Through Music and Songs is Fun
Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with
learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress.
Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning.
Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song
we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes
unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-
long term memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition,
which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes
them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be
quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any
other literary sample.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs
and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony
within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture,
religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.
Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as
studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning
vocabulary, spelling and culture.
From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs,
learning English can be enjoyable and fun.

Social function : to persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to
analyze or to explain.

Generic structure :
* Thesis : usually includes a preview argument. It introduce topics and indicates the writer’s
position
* Argument : consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may vary, but
each must be supported by discussion and evidence
* Reiteration : restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented

Language features :
* Emotive words, such as : alarmed, worried
* Words that qualify statements, such as : usual probably
* Words that link arguments, such as : firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
* Usually present tense
* Compound and complex sentences

Example :
Is Smoking Good for Us?

Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousands people
die every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road
accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.
 Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day,
we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty
cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of
bronchitis are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of
heart disease than non smokers.
Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one
hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had
smoked fifteen cigarettes.
Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from
smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for every body else.

Writing Effective Paragraphs

Paragraphs, Thesis Statement & Topic Sentences

 A paragraph is much more than a collection of connected sentences. It is a building block of
essay development, and paragraphs provide the structure needed to develop the thesis of a
paper. In fact, a useful way to think about a paragraph is as a “mini-essay,” or an essay
within an essay, with its own mini-thesis (the topic sentence), middle or body (the
supporting details) and end or conclusion (the concluding sentence).

 A paragraph is about 6-12 sentences about one topic. Every sentence in a strong paragraph
is about the same topic. All of the sentences explain the writer’s main idea (most important
idea) about that topic. When the writer wants to write about a new main idea, he/ she
begins a new paragraph.

 Topic sentence tells what a body paragraph is about. It is located in the beginning of a body
paragraph.

 Thesis statement tells what the entire essay is about. It is located in the end of the
introduction.

Types of paragraphs in a basic essay

Most paragraphs in an essay have a three-part structure—introduction, body, and conclusion. You
can see this structure in paragraphs whether they are narrating, describing, comparing, contrasting,
or analyzing information. Each part of the paragraph plays an important role in communicating your
meaning to your reader.
 Introduction: the first section of a paragraph; should include the topic sentence and any
other sentences at the beginning of the paragraph that give background information or
provide a transition.
 Body: follows the introduction; discusses the controlling idea, using facts, arguments,
analysis, examples, and other information.
 Conclusion: the final section; summarizes the connections between the information
discussed in the body of the paragraph and the paragraph’s controlling idea.
References

file:///L:/Guide-to-essay-paragraph-structure_Deakin-Study-Support.pdf
file:///L:/writing-effective-paragraphs.pdf