Scribd
Upload
17 views

Transformer Introduction, Construction, Working

Uploaded by

28 Vishavjit Singh class 11B2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Transformer Introduction, Construction, Working

Uploaded by

28 Vishavjit Singh class 11B2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Lecture 8

Transformer

A transformer is defined as a passive electrical device that transfers electrical


energy from one circuit to another through the process of electromagnetic
induction. It is most commonly used to increase (‘step up’) or decrease (‘step
down’) voltage levels between circuits.

Working principle of electrical power transformer is very easy, it is similar


to that of mutual induction. A transformer is a static (or stationary) piece of
apparatus by means of which electric power in one circuit is transformed into
electric power of the same frequency in another circuit.

 It can raise or lower the voltage in a circuit but with a corresponding


decrease or increase in current.
 The physical basis of a power transformer is mutual induction between
two circuits linked by a common magnetic flux. In its simplest form, it
consists of two inductive coils which are electrically separated but
magnetically linked through a path of low reluctance as shown in the
figure below.
 The two coils possess high mutual inductance. If one coil is connected to
a source of alternating voltage, an alternating flux is set up in the
laminated core, most of which is linked with the other coil in which it
produces mutually-induced e.m.f. (according to Faraday’s Laws of
Electromagnetic Induction e = M.dI/dt).
 If the second coil circuit is closed, a current flow in it and so electric
energy is transferred (entirely magnetically) from the first coil to the
second coil.
 The first coil, in which electric energy is fed from the a.c. supply mains is
called primary winding and the other from which energy is drawn out, is
called secondary winding.In brief, a power transformer is a device that
Fig-1

Construction of Transformer

 The power transformer consists of two coils having mutual inductance


and a laminated steel core. The two coils are insulated from each other
and the steel core. Other necessary parts are some suitable container for
assembled core and windings; a suitable medium for insulating the core
and its windings from its container; suitable bushings (either of porcelain,
oil-filled or capacitor-type) for insulating and bringing out the terminals
of windings from the tank.
 In all types of power transformers, the core is constructed of transformer
sheet steel laminations assembled to provide a continuous magnetic path
with a minimum of air-gap included.
 The steel used is of high silicon content, sometimes heat treated to
produce a high permeability and a low hysteresis loss at the usual
operating flux densities.The eddy current loss is minimised by laminating
the core, the laminations being insulated from each other by a light coat
of core-plate varnish or by an oxide layer on the surface.
 The thickness of laminations varies from 0.35 mm for a frequency of 50
Hz to 0.5 mm for a frequency of 25 Hz. The core laminations (in the form
of strips) are joined as shown in Figure.

 It is seen that the joints in the alternate layers are staggered in order to
avoid the presence of narrow gaps right through the cross-section of the
core. Such staggered joints are said to be ‘imbricate.

The two types are known as


(i) core-type transformer (ii) shell-type transformers

Core Types Transformer: Another recent development is spiral-core or


wound-core type, the trade name being Spiral Core transformer. In the so
called core type transformers, the windings surround a considerable part of the
core whereas, in shell type transformers, the core surrounds a considerable
portion of the windings as shown schematically in the figures(a) and (b)
respectively.

Fig-2

In the simplified diagram for the core type transformers, the primary and
secondary winding are shown located on the opposite legs (or limbs) of the
core, but in actual construction, these are always interleaved to reduce leakage
flux.

As shown in Figure, half the primary and half the secondary winding have been
placed side by side or concentrically on each limb, not primary on one limb (or
leg) and the secondary on the other

Shell Types Transformer:

HV and LV windings are wound longitudinally along the core alternately. The
HV coils are sandwiched between two LV coils as shown in the figure below.
Fig-3

Since, both HV and LV coils are wound on the central limb surface, the quantity
of conductor required for woundings of shell type transformer is less than that
of a similar core type transformer.

The design of shell-type is a bit complex compared to core-type due to its


winding structure. Any defect in the inner windings can only be attended after
removing all outer windings hence the winding maintenance jobs are very hard
in shell type transformer.

Transformation Ratio

The transformer transformation ratio or transformer turns ratio (K) is the


quotient value obtained by dividing the number of turns of the primary winding
(N1) and the number of turns of the secondary winding (N2).

Then K = N1/N2

K = V1/V2 = I2/I1 =N1/N2

Voltage Transformation Ratio

A transformer with an equal number of turns on its primary and secondary


windings will have a secondary voltage only slightly less than the primary
applied voltage, and its voltage ratio is said to be 1:1. If, however, the
secondary winding have only one-half as many turns as the primary winding,
the secondary voltage will be only one-half as great as the primary voltage. The
voltage ratio then will be 2:1. The primary and secondary generated
electromotive forces are proportional to the primary and secondary turns
respectively.

Summary

As we have discussed following topics:

 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction

 Types of induced emf

 Self induced emf

 Mutual induced emf

 Introduction of single phase transformer

 Working Principle of Single Phase Transformer

 Different types of transformer

 Step up transformer

 Step down transformer

 Construction of Transformer

 core type

 shell type

 Transformation ratio

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

1.) What does a single-phase mean?

Answer:- A single-phase system or circuit which generates or uses single


alternating voltage

2.) Do houses use single-phase supply?


Answer:- Generally, homes are supplied with single-phase supply

3.) On which principles does the single-phase transformer operate?

Answer:- Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction and Mutual Induction

4.) What is the transformer “Turns Ratio”?

Answer:- NP/NS = VP/VS = n = Turns Ratio

5.) Give two uses of a single-phase transformer

Answer:- In television sets for voltage regulation

To step-up power in home inverters

References

Books:

 J. Duncan Glover; Mulukutla S. Sarma; Thomas J. Overbye (April


2011). Power System Analysis & Design. Cengage Learning. pp. 60–68.

 C22.1-15—Canadian Electrical Code, Part I: Safety Standard for


Electrical Installations(23rd ed.). Canadian Standards Association. 2015.
Rule 24–208(c)

Websites:

 https://www.electrical4u.com/shell-type-transformer/
 https://circuitglobe.com/types-of-transformer.html
 https://www.electrical4u.com/what-is-transformer-definition-working-
principle-of-transformer/

Videos:
 https://youtu.be/Cx4_7lIjoBA

 https://youtu.be/hXLA5sdT9Cs

 https://youtu.be/vh_aCAHThTQ

Courses:

 http://www.prolifictraining.com/transformer.html
 http://npti.gov.in/transformer-maintenance
 https://www.dnvgl.com/training/training-course-on-power-transformers-
9319

Websites Books:

1. https://www.amazon.in/ELECTRIC-MACHINERY-TRANSFORMERS-
KOSOW/dp/8131711277/ref=sr_1_1?
crid=1T23UDIK31LYD&dchild=1&keywords=electrical+transformer+b
ook&qid=1592897441&sprefix=transformer+books+in+ele%2Caps
%2C368&sr=8-1

2. https://www.amazon.in/Electrical-Transformers-Students-Professionals-
Engineering-ebook/dp/B00O12QXEK/ref=sr_1_2?
crid=1T23UDIK31LYD&dchild=1&keywords=electrical+transformer+b
ook&qid=1592897441&sprefix=transformer+books+in+ele%2Caps
%2C368&sr=8-2

3. https://www.amazon.in/Basic-Electrical-Electronics-Engineering-
University/dp/0199485518/ref=sr_1_8?
crid=1T23UDIK31LYD&dchild=1&keywords=electrical+transformer+b
ook&qid=1592897441&sprefix=transformer+books+in+ele%2Caps
%2C368&sr=8-8
REFERENCES

WEBSITES
 https://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-0-7503-2084-9/chapter/bk978-0-
7503-2084-9ch1

 https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/books/
TheMagneticCircuit_10037141

 https://cnx.org/contents/FOAgj46E@1.1:CF55C3SF@1/chapter-1-
Magnetic-Circuits-and-Magnetic-Materials

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/magnetic-circuits

VIDEO:

https://youtu.be/hXLA5sdT9Cs

https://youtu.be/-j3W_RpiWoo

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy