Top Adolescent2

Adolescent Sex Offenders
Differences between sexually victimized and nonsexually victimized male adolescent sexual
abusers: Developmental antecedents and behavioral comparisons.
Authors:
Burton, David L., School for Social Work, Smith College, Northampton, MA, US,
dlburton@email.smith.edu
Duty, Kerry Jo, Lenawee Intermediate School District, Ann Arbor, MI, US
Leibowitz, George S., Department of Social Work, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, US
Address:
Burton, David L., Smith College, School for Social Work Lilly Hall, Northampton, MA, US,
01063, dlburton@email.smith.edu
Source:
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims,
Survivors, & Offenders, Vol 20(1), Jan, 2011. pp. 77-93.
Page Count:
17
Publisher:
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
Other Publishers:
US: Haworth Press
ISSN:
1053-8712 (Print)
1547-0679 (Electronic)
Language:
English
Keywords:
sexual vs nonsexual victimization; male adolescent sexual abusers; developmental antecedents;
criminal behavior; adolescent psychopathology
Abstract:
This study compares sexually victimized and nonsexually victimized male adolescent sexual
abusers on a number of variables. Self-report measures were administered to 325 male sexually
abusive youth (average age 16) in six residential facilities in the Midwest, 55% of whom
reported sexual victimization. The results indicate that the sexually victimized sexual abusers
have more severe developmental antecedents (trauma, family characteristics, early exposure to
pornography and personality) and recent behavioral difficulties (characteristics of sexual
aggression, sexual arousal, use of pornography, and nonsexual criminal behavior) than the
nonsexually victimized group. Results are contrasted with recent typological research, which
found no relationship between sexual victimization and subtype membership. Treatment,
research, and theoretical implications are discussed.
=========
Exploring the overlap in male juvenile sexual offending and general delinquency: Trauma,
alcohol use, and masculine beliefs.
Authors:
Brown, Adam, Northeast Center for Youth and Families, Inc., Easthampton, MA, US,
adambrown.msw@gmail.com
Burton, David L., Smith College, School for Social Work, Northampton, MA, US
Address:
Brown, Adam, School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago 969 E. 60th St.,
Chicago, IL, US, 60637, adambrown.msw@gmail.com
Source:
Survivors, & Offenders, Vol 19(4), Jul, 2010. pp. 450-468.
Page Count:
19
Publisher:
Other Publishers:
US: Haworth Press
ISSN:
1053-8712 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
male juvenile sexual offending; general delinquency; trauma; alcohol abuse; masculine beliefs;
criminality
Abstract:
Despite Burton and Meezan's (2004) finding that sexually aggressive youth are three to four
times more likely to recidivate nonsexually than sexually, there is little to no research to date that
explores this overlap in criminality. With a sample of 290 male sexually violent adjudicated and
incarcerated youth, this study was able to successfully predict those who are exclusively sexually
violent from those who are both nonsexually and sexually violent with each of the following
factors: childhood trauma, masculine beliefs, and alcohol use. While alcohol use accounted for
the greatest variance between the groups, masculine beliefs offered the greatest basis for the
discussion and future projects for the authors of the study. Treatment and research implications
are offered.
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Treatment for juveniles who sexually offend in a Southwestern state.

Authors:
Ikomi, Philip A., Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, US, paikomi@pvamu.edu
Harris-Wyatt, Georgetta, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, US
Doucet, Geraldine, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, US
Rodney, H. Elaine, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, US,
herodney@pvamu.edu
Address:
Ikomi, Philip A., Texas Juvenile Crime Prevention Center, College of Juvenile Justice &
Psychology, Prairie View A&M University PO Box 519, Mail Stop 2600, Prairie View, TX, US,
77446, paikomi@pvamu.edu
Source:
Survivors, & Offenders, Vol 18(6), Nov, 2009. pp. 594-610.
Page Count:
17
Publisher:
Other Publishers:
US: Haworth Press
ISSN:
1053-8712 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
treatment; juvenile sex offenders; Southwestern state; cognitive behavioral therapy
Abstract:
A 25-item questionnaire was mailed to sex offender treatment providers from counties with 60 or
more reported juvenile sex offenders in a Southwestern state to determine the most effective
treatment for juvenile sex offenders. Results indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy was the
most successful reported approach to treatment with an average success rate of 87%. The most
commonly used approach was cognitive behavioral therapy with relapse prevention. The most
common sexual offense was indecency with a child involving sexual contact, contrary to studies
that found that in the Probation Commission data, aggravated sexual offense was the most
common. These results have ramifications for state policies on treatment for juvenile sex
offenders.
=========
Advantages of group therapy for adolescent participants in the same gang rape.
Authors:
Etgar, Talia, Elem, Youth in Distress, Tel Aviv, Israel, Etgar
Prager, Keren Ganot, Prison Ofek Juvenile, Tel Mond, Israel
Address:
Etgar, Talia, 4 Wiess St., Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69124, Etgar
Source:
Survivors, & Offenders, Vol 18(3), May, 2009. pp. 302-319.
Page Count:
18
Publisher:
Other Publishers:
US: Haworth Press
ISSN:
1053-8712 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
group therapy; gang rape; therapeutic processes; sex offenders
Abstract:
This paper deals with the issue of including in the same therapeutic group in a prison setting two
(or more) young people who participated in the same gang rape. We provide a background for
group therapy with adolescent sex offenders and point out the characteristics of group rape. In
addition, we describe the uniqueness of working in a prison as opposed to working in the
community or other settings outside the home. Characteristics of adolescent sex offenders and
the group process provide a rationale against the inclusion in the same therapeutic group of two
youths who committed a rape together. However, our observations during eight years of clinical
experience and research in the prison clarify why it can and should be done.
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Review of 'The perversion of youth: Controversies in the assessment and treatment of juvenile
sex offenders'.
Authors:
Schwegman, Danielle, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, US, dmschweg@indiana.edu
Address:
Schwegman, Danielle, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN, US, dmschweg@indiana.edu
Source:
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Vol 40(8), Aug, 2011. pp. 1071-1073.
Page Count:
3
Publisher:
Germany: Springer.
Reviewed Item:
DiCataldo, Frank C. (2009). The perversion of youth: Controversies in the assessment and
treatment of juvenile sex offenders; New York University Press, New York and London, 978-0-
8147-2002-8.
ISSN:
0047-2891 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
legal responses; juvenile sexual offenders; sexual deviance; sexual assault; juvenile justice
system; courts
Abstract:
Reviews the book, "The perversion of youth: Controversies in the assessment and treatment of
juvenile sex offenders" by Frank C. DiCataldo (see record 2009-08967-000). The book describes
the faults in our current legal responses to adolescents viewed as juvenile sex offenders. The
author discusses and illustrates that the central dilemma rests not with these youth but rather with
society’s unsupportable assumptions regarding the true, not so stereotypical identity of these
offenders. The author presents an analysis differentiating between qualities of sexual deviance in
order to delineate the distinctive consequence of either juvenile court or adult court. The author
presents an examination concerning the area of adolescent sexual misbehavior between the two
extremes of major sexual assault and minor sexual assault. The author further discusses how
these distinct categories are constructed and maintained, along with questioning whether
empirical evidence exists to support the conceptualization of adolescent sex offenders in our
society. The book provides an optimistic view of juvenile sexual offenders as it suggests that the
problem is not so much these juveniles alone but how they have been conceptualized within the
justice system.
=========
'An examination of two sexual recidivism risk measures in adolescent offenders: The moderating
effect of offender type': Erratum.
Authors:
Rajlic, Gordana, Program Evaluation and Research Department, Youth Forensic Psychiatric
Services, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Gretton, Heather M., Program Evaluation and Research Department, Youth Forensic Psychiatric
Services, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Source:
Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol 37(11), Nov, 2010. pp. 1304.
Page Count:
1
Publisher:
US: Sage Publications.
ISSN:
0093-8548 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
sexual recidivism; adolescent sexual offenders; test validity; test reliability; psychometrics;
juvenile delinquency; risk assessment
Abstract:
Reports an error in "An examination of two sexual recidivism risk measures in adolescent
offenders: The moderating effect of offender type" by Gordana Rajlic and Heather M. Gretton
(Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2010[Oct], Vol 37[10], 1066-1085). In the original article, on
page 1071 of the referenced article, and in the headings for Tables 2, 4, and 5, the term
"Receiving operating characteristic" should instead read "Receiver operating characteristic."
(The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2010-19032-002). The present
study explored the predictive validity of two measures designed to assess risk for sexual
recidivism in adolescent sexual offenders (ASO), the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment
Protocol-II and the Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism, in the context of
an antisociality-based typology of adolescent sexual offenders. The authors distinguished
between adolescent sexual offenders with a history of general offending (delinquent ASO) and
adolescent sexual offenders without a history of general offending (sex offense-only ASO). They
found differential predictive accuracy of risk measures according to offender type: Both
instruments predicted sexual recidivism in the sex offense-only ASO group (large effect sizes),
whereas in the delinquent ASO group, the measures did not predict sexual recidivism beyond
chance levels. Risk assessment in the context of an antisociality-based sex offender typology is
discussed.
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Assessing risk in adolescent sexual offenders: Recommendations for clinical practice.
Authors:
Vitacco, Michael J., Mendota Mental Health Institute, WI, US,
Michael.Vitacco@dhs.wisconsin.gov
Caldwell, Michael, Mendota Mental Health Institute, WI, US
Ryba, Nancy L., California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, US
Malesky, Alvin, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, US
Kurus, Samantha J., Mendota Mental Health Institute, WI, US
Address:
Vitacco, Michael J., Mendota Mental Health Institute , WI, US,
Michael.Vitacco@dhs.wisconsin.gov
Source:
Behavioral Sciences & the Law, Vol 27(6), Nov-Dec, 2009. Special issue: Adolescent sexual
offending. pp. 929-940.
Page Count:
12
Publisher:
US: John Wiley & Sons.
ISSN:
0735-3936 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
risk assessment; adolescent sexual offenders; clinical practice; sexual recidivism; at risk
populations
Abstract:
Accurately predicting the likelihood that an adolescent with a sex offense history will reoffend is
a precarious task that carries with it the potential for extreme consequences for the adolescent
offender (e.g., lifelong public registration). Recently implemented laws regarding adolescent sex
offenders are dramatically upstream of current knowledge. Several of these laws were ostensibly
based on the misassumption that clinicians could accurately identify adolescents at the greatest
risk for sexual recidivism. However, predicting which adolescents are at greatest risk to sexually
recidivate is severely constrained by limited knowledge about which predictors are most
accurately linked to sexual recidivism and uncertainty over how to best make use of instruments
designed to predict recidivism. This paper reviews research on risk assessment and provides a set
of recommendations for conducting risk assessments with adolescent sex offenders.
=========
Sex offender registration and recidivism risk in juvenile sexual offenders.
Authors:
Caldwell, Michael F., Mendota Mental Health Institute, WI, US, mfcaldwell@wisc.edu
Dickinson, Casey
Address:
Caldwell, Michael F., University of Wisconsin, Madison Department of Psychology 1202 W.
Johnson St., Madison, WI, US, 53706, mfcaldwell@wisc.edu
Source:
Behavioral Sciences & the Law, Vol 27(6), Nov-Dec, 2009. Special issue: Adolescent sexual
offending. pp. 941-956.
Page Count:
16
Publisher:
ISSN:
0735-3936 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
sex offenders; registration; recidivism; risk factors; juvenile sexual offenders; laws; sexual
violence
Abstract:
Juvenile sex offenders are increasingly included in sex offender registration laws, based, in part,
on the assumption that they pose a distinctively high risk for future sexual violence and
registration may help to mitigate this risk. To test this assumption, the current study compares
risk scores on the static scales of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol - II (JSOAP-II;
Prentky & Righthand, [2003]) and the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory
(YLS/CMI; Hoge, Andrews, & Leschied, 2002), between samples of 106 registered and 66
unregistered juvenile sex offenders. New criminal charges, including sexually based crimes,
were examined over a mean follow-up of 49.2 months (SD = 29.6 months). Results indicated
that registered youth had lower risk scores on scales that most accurately predicted recidivism
and registered youth were charged with new crimes at rates similar to those of unregistered
youth. Reoffense risk, as measured by the risk scales, was not moderated by registration. The
findings did not support the assumption that registration can effectively lower the risk for
reoffense in juvenile offenders.
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Offense related characteristics and psychosexual development of juvenile sex offenders.
Authors:
't A. Hart-Kerkhoffs, Lisette, VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands, l.thart@debascule.com
Doreleijers, Theo A. H., Beke Research and Consultancy, Arnhem, Netherlands,
t.doreleijers@debascule.com
Jansen, Lucres M. C., VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands, l.nauta@debascule.com
van Wijk, Anton P. H., Beke Research and Consultancy, Arnhem, Netherlands,
a.vanwijk@beke.nl
Bullens, Ruud A. R., VU University, Department of Forensic Child and Juvenile Psychology,
Amsterdam, Netherlands, ruudbullens@planet.nl
Address:
't A. Hart-Kerkhoffs, Lisette, VU University Medical Center, Department of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry , Amsterdam, Netherlands, l.thart@debascule.com
Source:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, Vol 3, Jul 11, 2009. ArtID 19.
Page Count:
10
Publisher:
United Kingdom: BioMed Central Limited.
ISSN:
Language:
English
Keywords:
juvenile sex offenders; offense related characteristics; psychosexual development; recidivism
Abstract:
Objective: This article reports on offense related characteristics and the psychosexual
development in subgroups of juvenile sex offenders as measured by the Global Assessment
Instrument for Juvenile Sex Offenders (GAIJSO). The predictive validity of these characteristics
for persistent (sexual) offensive behavior in subgroups of juvenile sex offenders was
investigated. Methods: One hundred seventy four sex offenders (mean age 14.9 SD 1.4) referred
by the police to the Dutch Child Protection Board were examined. Offense related characteristics
were assessed by means of the GAIJSO and the BARO (a global assessment tool for juvenile
delinquents), and criminal careers of the subjects were ascertained from official judicial records.
Results: Serious need for comprehensive diagnostics were found on the domains sexual offense
and psychosexual development in juvenile sex offenders, especially in the group of child
molesters. These youngsters displayed more internalizing and (psychosexual) developmental
problems and their sexual offense was more alarming as compared to the other juvenile sex
offender subgroups. Although one third of the juveniles had already committed one or more sex
offenses prior to the index offense, at follow up (mean follow up period: 36 months SD 18
months) almost no sexual recidivism was found (0.6% of the entire sample). However, a
substantial proportion of the entire sample of juvenile sex offenders showed non-sexual (55.6%)
and violent recidivism (32.1%). Several predictors for a history of multiple sex offending and
non-sexual recidivism were identified. Conclusion: This study revealed numerous problems in
juvenile sex offenders. Assessment using the GAIJSO is helpful in order to identify indicators
for extensive diagnostic assessment. In order to investigate the predictive validity for sexual
reoffending a longer follow up period is necessary.
=========
Understanding the complexities and needs of adolescent sex offenders.
Authors:
Rich, Phil, Stetson School, MA, US
Source:
Assessment and treatment of sex offenders: A handbook. Beech, Anthony R. (Ed.); Craig, Leam
A. (Ed.); Browne, Kevin D. (Ed.); pp. 431-452. New York, NY, US: John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
2009. xxvii, 582 pp.
ISBN:
978-0-470-01900-9 (Paperback)
978-0-470-01899-6 (Hardcover)
Language:
English
Keywords:
adolescent offenders; needs; teenage males; young women; abusive post-pubescent adolescents;
intellectual capacity; abusive pre-pubescent children; young sex offenders
Abstract:
(from the chapter) Although this chapter focuses on how we understand and treat adolescent
sexual offenders, just as we conceptualise differences between adolescent and adult sexual
offenders, we similarly conceptualise differences between sexually abusive post-pubescent
adolescents and sexually abusive pre-pubescent children. Expanding this idea further, we also
note other discrete populations included under the rubric of 'juvenile sexual offender', including
teenage (and younger) girls, cognitively challenged children and adolescents, and other
subpopulations that include adolescents from distinctly different cultures, for instance. If we fail
to recognise and acknowledge these differences, we risk building a 'one-size-fits-all' mentality
which is not only unlikely to provide depth in understanding our clients and the roots of their
behaviour, but also limits specialisation in treatment for different treatment groups. Further, as it
has become a near tenet of current treatment that sexual offenders are not a homogeneous group,
we risk failing to live up to our own stated beliefs that great heterogeneity exists, not simply
within the larger group of 'sexual offenders' but across different groups, by age, gender, cognitive
and intellectual capacity, level of psychological/psychiatric functioning, and ethnic and cultural
background. This is a useful place, then, to open this chapter, by noting that as we consider sex
offender specific treatment, it is important to bear in mind that there are many subpopulations
within the larger category of 'sexual offender'. Although this chapter focuses on male adolescent
offenders, we recognise that we can apply some of the same ideas to other groups of young
persons, including girls and young women, children, and cognitively (intellectually) impaired
juveniles, but also that there significant differences among these subpopulations.
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An examination of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act as applied to juveniles:
Evaluating the ability to predict sexual recidivism.
Authors:
Caldwell, Michael F., Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,
WI, US, mfcaldwell@wisc.edu
Ziemke, Mitchell H., Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, AL, US
Vitacco, Michael J., Mendota Mental Health Institute, Madison, WI, US
Address:
Caldwell, Michael F., University of Wisconsin-Madison 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison,
WI, US, 53706, mfcaldwell@wisc.edu
Source:
Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, Vol 14(2), May, 2008. pp. 89-114.
Page Count:
26
Publisher:
US: American Psychological Association.
ISSN:
1076-8971 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
sex offender registration; Adam Walsh Act; adolescent sex offenders; Psychopathy Checklist:
Youth Version; risk assessment; sexual recidivism
Abstract:
The recently enacted Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act will expand and standardize
the registration of adolescent sex offenders. To evaluate the effectiveness of this and similar
legislation, the authors assessed 91 juvenile males who had been adjudicated for a sexual felony
offense and 174 juvenile males who had no history of sexual offending with several risk
measures. On admission to treatment, all participants were assessed with the Psychopathy
Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV; A. E. Forth, D. Kosson, & R. D. Hare, 2003). The Juvenile
Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II; R. A. Prentky & S. Righthand, 2003), 3 state-
developed risk protocols (from Wisconsin, Texas, and New Jersey), and the tier designation
embedded in the federal Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act of 2006 (SORNA) were
coded from the sex offender participants' records. Participants were followed for an average of
71.6 months (SD = 18.1 months) to determine charges for general, violent, and sexual offenses.
Results showed inconsistencies in risk designations between the J-SOAP-II, SORNA tier, and
state risk measures, and none, except for the PCL:YV, significantly predicted new general,
violent, or sexual offense charges. Policy and legal implications concerning the assessment of
adolescent sex offenders are discussed.
=========
Assessing risk for violence in adolescents who have sexually offended: A comparison of the J-
SOAP-II, J-SORRAT-II, and SAVRY.
Authors:
Viljoen, Jodi L., Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, jviljoen@sfu.ca
Scalora, Mario, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US
Cuadra, Lorraine, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US
Bader, Shannon, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US
Chávez, Verónica, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, US
Ullman, Daniel, Lincoln Regional Center, Lincoln, NE, US
Lawrence, Lisa, Western New England College, US
Address:
Viljoen, Jodi L., Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive,
Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6, jviljoen@sfu.ca
Source:
Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol 35(1), Jan, 2008. pp. 5-23.
Page Count:
19
Publisher:
ISSN:
0093-8548 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
adolescent sexual offenders; prediction; Juvenile Sexual Offense Recidivism Risk Assessment
Tool-II; Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth; Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment
Protocol-II
Abstract:
As the youth justice system has evolved, clinicians have been increasingly asked to make
judgments about the likelihood that a youth who has committed a sexual offense will reoffend.
However, there is an absence of well-validated tools to assist with these judgments. This study
examined the ability of the Juvenile Sexual Offense Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool-II (J-
SORRAT-II), Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), and Juvenile Sex
Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II) to predict violent behavior in 169 male youth who
were admitted to a residential adolescent sex offender program. Total scores on the SAVRY and
J-SOAP-II significantly predicted nonsexual violence but none of the instruments predicted
sexual violence. The J-SOAP-II and SAVRY were less effective in predicting violent
reoffending in youth aged 15 and younger than in older youth. The implications of these findings
are discussed.
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Emotional variables and deviant sexual fantasies in adolescent sex offenders.
Authors:
DiGiorgio-Miller, Janet, Morristown Memorial Hospital, Morristown, NJ, US, janet.digiorgio-
miller@atlantichealth.org
Address:
DiGiorgio-Miller, Janet, Morristown Memorial Hospital 95 Mt. Kemble Avenue, Morristown,
NJ, US, 07962-1978, janet.digiorgio-miller@atlantichealth.org
Source:
Journal of Psychiatry & Law, Vol 35(2), Sum, 2007. pp. 109-124.
Page Count:
16
Publisher:
US: Federal Legal Communications.
ISSN:
0093-1853 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
emotional variables; deviant sexual fantasies; adolescent sex offenders; treatment settings;
loneliness; hostility
Abstract:
This study examined the relationship of treatment settings (inpatient and outpatient), sexual
fantasies (deviant and non-deviant), and reported levels of loneliness and hostility. Most research
relating to emotional variables and sex offending, utilizes primarily adult offender participants
and not juvenile offenders. The results of this study indicated that there are significant
differences between residential sex offenders (inpatient) and outpatient sex offenders on
frequency of deviant sexual fantasies. Certain variables are also positively correlated with
deviant sexual fantasies for residential sexual offenders (inpatient). The purpose of this research
is to contribute to the field of adolescent sex offender assessment and treatment by examining the
level of sexual deviant thoughts as related to mood states and subsequent acting out behavior. It
assesses emotional components in a variety of settings to assist in tailoring treatment
interventions for these issues. With more focus on these traditionally overlooked variables, early
intervention with adolescent sex offenders will offer more efficient treatment. Finally, this study
hopes to offer more issues for future research.
=========
Understanding the Factors That Affect the Severity of Juvenile Stranger Sex Offenses: The
Effect of Victim Characteristics and Number of Suspects.
Authors:
Woodhams, Jessica, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Gillett, Raphael, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Grant, Tim, Forensic Section of the School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester,
United Kingdom
Source:
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol 22(2), Feb, 2007. pp. 218-237.
Page Count:
20
Publisher:
ISSN:
0886-2605 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
juvenile stranger sex offenses; victim characteristics; number of suspects; physical violence;
weapons; occurrence of penetration
Abstract:
Understanding factors that affect the severity of a juvenile-stranger sexual assault has
implications for crime prevention, and potentially, the assessment and treatment of juvenile sex
offenders. This study investigated how victim characteristics and the number of suspects affected
the use of physical violence and weapons and the occurrence of penetration in 495 allegations of
sexual assault committed by juveniles against strangers. Statistically significant interactions
between victim age and gender were found for occurrence of penetration and use of violence.
Differences in offense characteristics were also found between offenses with varying victim-
suspect age differences. When comparing the rate of penetration in the presence and absence of
violence, little change was observed for lone suspects. However, the rate of penetration increased
significantly for groups in the presence of physical violence, suggesting that violence in this
context may be more expressive than instrumental. Theoretical explanations and practical
implications are considered.
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Risk factors for adolescent sex offender recidivism: Evaluation of predictive factors and
comparison of three groups based upon victim type.
Authors:
Parks, Gregory A., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, US,
gregory-parks@ouhsc.edu
Bard, David E., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, US
Address:
Parks, Gregory A., 5030 N. May Ave., Ste. 209, Oklahoma City, OK, US, 73112, gregory-
parks@ouhsc.edu
Source:
Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment, Vol 18(4), Oct, 2006. pp. 319-342.
Page Count:
24
Publisher:
Germany: Springer.
Other Journal Titles:
Annals of Sex Research
Other Publishers:
US: Sage Publications
ISSN:
1079-0632 (Print)
1573-286X (Electronic)
Language:
English
Keywords:
risk factors; recidivism; male adolescent sexual offenders; adolescent psychopathology
Abstract:
This study investigated differences in recidivism risk factors and traits associated with
psychopathy among 3 groups of male adolescent sexual offenders (N = 156): offenders against
children, offenders against peers or adults, and mixed type offenders. Furthermore, those same
variables were examined for their association with sexual and nonsexual recidivism and the 3
groups were compared for differences in rates of recidivism. Based upon both juvenile and adult
recidivism data, 6.4% of the sample reoffended sexually and 30.1% reoffended nonsexually.
Retrospective risk assessments were completed using the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment
Protocol-II (JSOAP-II) and the Psychopathy Checklist:Youth Version (PCL:YV). Comparisons
of the 3 preexisting groups for differences on scale and factor scores were conducted using
analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Differences among groups for recidivism were measured using
survival curve analysis. Associations between risk scales and recidivism were measured using
Cox regression analyses. Results suggest significant differences among the 3 offender groups on
multiple scales of the JSOAP-II and PCL:YV, with mixed type offenders consistently producing
higher risk scores as compared to those who exclusively offend against children or peers/adults.
The Impulsive/Antisocial Behavior scale of the JSOAP-II and the Interpersonal and Antisocial
factors of the PCL:YV were significant predictors of sexual recidivism. The Behavioral and
Antisocial factors of the PCL:YV were significant predictors of nonsexual recidivism. Results
supported previous research indicating that most adolescents who sexually offend do not
continue offending into adulthood. Such results can lead to improved treatment by targeting
specific risk factors for intervention and better use of risk management resources in the
community, while preserving the most restrictive treatment options for the highest risk offenders.
=========
Specialized assessment and treatment of adolescent sex offenders.
Authors:
Fanniff, Amanda M., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, US, fanniff@u.arizona.edu
Becker, Judith V., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, US
Address:
Fanniff, Amanda M., 1503 E Univesity Blvd., Tucson, AZ, US, 85721, fanniff@u.arizona.edu
Source:
Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol 11(3), May-Jun, 2006. pp. 265-282.
Page Count:
18
Publisher:
Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
ISSN:
1359-1789 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
juvenile sex offenders; treatment; public safety; sex offenders; cognitive behavioral treatment;
recidivism; relapse prevention
Abstract:
The accurate and appropriate assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders is necessary for
public safety and for the juvenile's own development. A growing body of literature has reported
on specialized assessment instruments and treatment strategies for use with juvenile sex
offenders. The current article reviews the evidence regarding the reliability and validity of
various assessment instruments and outcome research regarding treatments with this population.
With regard to assessment, the authors conclude that the most promising area of specialized
assessment is risk assessment. With regard to intervention, the authors argue that despite
methodological limitations, research on the treatment of juvenile sex offenders suggests that
treatments are successful in creating change. Specifically, cognitive behavioral treatment and
mulitsystemic therapy have demonstrated decreased recidivism compared to a control group.
Recommendations regarding future research for the area and implications with respect to
uniqueness of this population are considered.
-= = = = = = = = =
Aspects of Young Sex Abusers--A Review of the Literature Concerning Young Sex Abusers
(1996-2004).
Authors:
Lowenstein, Ludwig, Southern England Psychological Services, Eastleigh, HAM, United
Kingdom, ludwig.lowenstein@btinternet.com
Address:
Lowenstein, Ludwig, Allington Manor, Allington Lane, Fair Oak, Eastleigh, HAM, United
Kingdom, SO50 7DE, ludwig.lowenstein@btinternet.com
Source:
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Vol 13(1), Jan-Feb, 2006. pp. 47-55.
Page Count:
9
Publisher:
ISSN:
1063-3995 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
young sex abusers; sexual abuse; female sex offenders; society; diagnosis
Abstract:
This article concerns itself with the serious problem of sexual abuse in our society, which
appears to be increasing worldwide. It will also consider the incidence, the patterns of offending
and comparison studies, followed by the causes and associated features of sexual abusers. The
assessment and diagnosis of sex abuse offenders, the risk assessment of sex abusers and
prevention and treatment approaches are followed by specific aspects of female sex offenders
and the ethical and legal issues.
=========
Risk Assessment of Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Case Report.
Authors:
Zaitchik, Matt C., Department of Psychology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, US,
mzaitchik@rwu.edu
Address:
Zaitchik, Matt C., Department of Psychology One Old Ferry Road, Bristol, RI, US, 02809,
mzaitchik@rwu.edu
Source:
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, Vol 5(4), 2005. pp. 83-95.
Page Count:
13
Publisher:
US: Haworth Press.
Other Publishers:
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis
ISSN:
1522-8932 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
risk assessment; juvenile sex offenders; recidivism; legal standards
Abstract:
Juvenile sex offenders have received increased scrutiny in recent years. They present significant
dispositional problems for the courts and for social service agencies. Numerous disposition
decisions are made based on considerations of risk of sexual reoffense. However, little empirical
data exist regarding identified recidivism risk factors for this population. Massachusetts' legal
standards require a finding of a "likelihood of serious harm" in order for juveniles to be retained
by the Department of Youth Services beyond their eighteenth birthdays. There is a limited
understanding of juvenile sex offender recidivism risk factors; yet, risk assessments of this type
are statutorily required. This article presents an illustrative Massachusetts case and discusses
limitations inherent in such an assessment.
-= = = = = = = = =
Risk assessment with adolescent sex offenders.
Authors:
Christodoulides, T. E., Northern Forensic Mental Health Service, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United
Kingdom
Richardson, G., Northern Forensic Mental Health Service, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United
Kingdom
Graham, F., Northern Forensic Mental Health Service, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Kennedy, P. J., Northern Forensic Mental Health Service, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United
Kingdom
Kelly, Thomas P., Northern Forensic Mental Health Service, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United
Kingdom, thomas.kelly@dsl.pipex.com
Address:
Kelly, Thomas P., Nothern Forensic Mental Health Service, St Nicholas Hospital St Nicholas
House, Gosforth, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE3 3XT,
thomas.kelly@dsl.pipex.com
Source:
Journal of Sexual Aggression, Vol 11(1), Jan, 2005. pp. 37-48.
Page Count:
12
Publisher:
ISSN:
1355-2600 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
risk assessment; adolescent sex offenders; professional decision-making; forensic outpatient
service
Abstract:
The paper describes an evaluation of a risk assessment tool's effectiveness in distinguishing
adolescent sexual offenders who had committed further sexual offences from those who had not.
The sample consisted of 50 male adolescent sexual offenders referred to a forensic outpatient
service within a healthcare setting. The adolescents within the sample were designated recidivists
versus non-recidivists using two methods: clinican's judgement and Home Office records for
reconvictions. The risk assessment achieved a moderate to high level of sensitivity and
specificity in distinguishing the recidivists from non-recidivists using clinician's judgement of
recidivism as outcome. However, the tool was unable to distinguish recidivists from non-
recidivists. The risk assessment tool described has potential in the identification and modification
of contextual and clinical risk factors, in informing professionals' decision-making and in
developing and implementing a comprehensive risk management plan.
=========
Juvenile sex offender recidivism: Typological differences in risk assessment.
Authors:
Parks, Gregory A., Walden U., US
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, Vol 65(6-B),
2004. pp. 3176.
Page Count:
1
Publisher:
US: ProQuest Information & Learning.
Dissertation Abstracts International
ISSN:
0419-4217 (Print)
Order Number:
AAI3135791
Language:
English
Keywords:
sex offender; recidivism; juvenile offender; risk assessments; psychopathy
Abstract:
This study investigated differences in recidivism risk factors and traits associated with
psychopathy among 3 subtypes of male adolescent sexual offenders (N = 156): offenders against
children, offenders against peers or adults, and mixed type offenders. Variables were also
examined for their association with sexual and nonsexual recidivism. Based upon both juvenile
and adult recidivism data, 6.4% of the sample reoffended sexually and 30.1% reoffended
nonsexually. Retrospective risk assessments were completed using the Juvenile Sex Offender
Assessment Protocol-II (JSOAP-II) and the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV).
Comparisons of the 3 groups were conducted using analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and chi-
square analyses. Associations between risk scales and recidivism were measured using logistic
and Cox regression models. Results suggested significant differences among the three offender
types on multiple scales of the JSOAP-II and PCL:YV, with mixed type offenders consistently
producing higher risk scores. The Impulsive/Antisocial Behavior scale of the JSOAP-II was a
significant predictor of both sexual and nonsexual recidivism. The Interpersonal factor of the
PCL:YV was a significant predictor of sexual recidivism, while the Affective and Antisocial
factors of the PCL:YV were significant predictors of nonsexual recidivism. Results supported
previous research indicating that most adolescents who sexually offend do not continue
offending into adulthood. Suggested implications of the research included improving the quality
of treatment by targeting specific risk factors for intervention, and better utilizing risk
management resources in the community, while preserving the most restrictive treatment options
for the highest risk offenders.
-= = = = = = = = =
Emerging Strategies for Risk Assessment of Sexually Abusive Youth: Theory, Controversy, and
Practice.
Authors:
Prescott, David S., Residential Treatment Center, Bennington, VT, US, vtprescott@earthlink.net
Address:
Prescott, David S., LICSW P.O. Box 593, Shaftsbury, VT, US, 05262, vtprescott@earthlink.net
Source:
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol 13(3-4), 2004. Special issue: Identifying and Treating Youth
Who Sexually Offend: Current Approaches, Techniques, and Research. pp. 83-105.
Page Count:
23
Publisher:
US: Haworth Press.
Other Publishers:
ISSN:
1053-8712 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
risk assessment; sexually abusive youth; sexual reoffense; recidivism
Abstract:
Clinicians and other professionals evaluating, managing, and treating sexually abusive youth are
frequently called upon to offer judgments regarding risk for sexual reoffense. There are currently
no empirically validated methods for accurately classifying risk among this population.
Therefore, those faced with this task have an obligation to consider the research on the
assessment of risk and recidivism. Five methods of risk assessment are reviewed, and four scales
are discussed, with directions on how to obtain them. These include the Juvenile Sex Offender
Assessment Protocol (JSOAP), the Protective Factors Scale (PFS), and Estimate of Risk of
Adolescent Sex Offender Recidivism (ERASOR).
=========
The Importance of Offense Characteristics, Victimization History, Hostility, and Social
Desirability in Assessing Empathy of Male Adolescent Sex Offenders.
Authors:
Curwen, Tracey, SAFE-T (Sexual Abuse: Family, Education, & Treatment) Program,
Thistletown Regional Centre for Children and Adolescents, Toronto, ON, Canada,
tcurwcn@stn.net
Address:
Curwen, Tracey, SAFE-T Program, Thistletown Regional Centre for Children and Adolescents
15 Warrendale Cowet, Toronto, ON, Canada, M9V IP9, tcurwcn@stn.net
Source:
Page Count:
18
Publisher:
Germany: Springer.
Other Publishers:
ISSN:
1079-0632 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
Interpersonal Reactivity Index; empathy; Empathic Concern; Perspective Taking; Personal
Distress; differences; adolescent sex offenders; sexual violence; interpersonal violence
Abstract:
The study investigated the reliability and validity of 3 scales of the Interpersonal Reactivity
Index (IRI)--Empathic Concern [EC], Perspective-Taking [PT], and Personal Distress [PD]--
within a clinical sample. These scales were also used to examine the differences in empathy
among groups of sex offenders. One hundred and twenty-three male adolescent sex offenders
(ages 12-19) completed a battery of psychometric measures that included the IRI during a sex-
offender-specific assessment. Moderate internal consistency and convergent validity was
established for IRI scales. Age and social desirability were related to IRI scores. Victim empathy
was not related to IRI scores. Justifications and acceptance of sexual and interpersonal violence
were negatively correlated to EC and positively correlated to PD. Those who committed violent
offenses reported more EC and PT; however, a generally hostile temperament was negatively
related to these scales. Group differences were not found when contrasted with respect to a
history of sexual or physical victimization or denial. Researchers using the IRI with male
adolescent sex offenders should be cautious of the influence of age and socially desirable
responding.
-= = = = = = = = =
Ethical and legal issues in the assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders.
Authors:
Hunter, John A., Jr., U Virginia, Ctr for Behavioral Health Outcomes, Charlottesville, VA, US
Lexier, Lenard J.
Source:
Child Maltreatment, Vol 3(4), Nov, 1998. Special issue: Interventions with adolescent sexual
abusers and children with sexual behavior problems. pp. 339-348.
Page Count:
10
Publisher:
ISSN:
1077-5595 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
ethical & legal issues in evaluation & treatment, juvenile sex offenders
Abstract:
Although a rapidly growing field, the evaluation and treatment of juvenile sexual offenders
represents an area of practice fraught with clinical, ethical, and legal complexity. This article
discusses the implications of new registration and community notification legislation for clinical
practice, including the ethical issues they give rise to and the challenges they present to the field.
Areas of clinical practice that are controversial and increase practitioner vulnerability to ethical
and legal mishap are reviewed, including: involuntary treatment, preadjudication evaluation,
phallometric and polygraph assessment, and cognitive-behavioral and psychopharmacologic
treatment of deviant sexual arousal. Recommendations are made as to the management of these
issues and the establishment of ethically sound patterns of clinical practice.
=========
Deviant sexual behavior in children and young adolescents: Frequency and patterns.
Authors:
Wieckowski, Edward, Virginia Dept of Juvenile Justice, Hanover Juvenile Correctional Ctr,
Hanover, VA, US
Hartsoe, Peggy
Mayer, Arthur
Shortz, Joianne
Source:
Page Count:
11
Publisher:
Germany: Springer.
Other Publishers:
ISSN:
1079-0632 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
characteristics including family dynamics & criminality & psychopathology & victimization,
male 12–15 yr old sexual offenders who began committing sexual offenses in childhood
Abstract:
A descriptive statistical study was performed to assess the characteristics of youth who began
committing sexual offenses in childhood. The 30 male youth (aged 12–15 yrs) in the study had
been committed to the Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice for sexual offenses and met the
criteria for residential sexual offender treatment. A questionnaire was independently
administered to each youth by an examiner and corroborated, when possible, by information in
the youth's file. The questionnaire was supplemented by the Hare Psychopathy Scale—Revised
and by information from the Risk Assessment Interviewing Protocol for Adolescent Sex
Offenders. Results suggest that deviant sexual behavior may begin in early childhood, with some
offenders developing patterns of offending prior to the onset of adolescence. Ss committed a
median of 69.5 sexual offenses each, with each offender having a median of 16.5 victims. Ss
used either force, threats, or violence in the large majority of their contact offenses. They
predominantly came from multiproblematic families, were abused in early childhood, and were
exposed to pornographic materials at a young age. Results suggest that children have the
capacity to commit serious sexual offenses similar to those of older juvenile and adult offenders.
-= = = = = = = = =
Testing the reliability and validity of the Abel assessment for interest in paraphilias: Juvenile sex
offenders and nonoffenders in treatment.
Authors:
Smith, Gillan Maclean, Brigham Young U, US
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, Vol 58(12-B),
Jun, 1998. pp. 6864.
Page Count:
1
Publisher:
ISSN:
0419-4217 (Print)
Order Number:
AAM9820485
Language:
English
Keywords:
reliability & validity of Abel assessment for interest in paraphilias, juvenile sex offenders vs
nonoffenders
Abstract:
Several statistical methods including test/retest reliability and discriminant validity were
employed to determine the usefulness of a new instrument called the Abel assessment for interest
in paraphilias (AAIP) for use with juvenile sex offenders (JSO's). Participants were 43 identified
male JSO's and 40 male nonoffenders in treatment in Utah. This instrument claims to be able to
screen juvenile sex offenders from nonoffenders and to aid in the diagnosis of JSO's by
identifying target gender and age of JSO'S sexual attraction. It was determined that reliability of
the AAIP is marginal but hopeful. The validity of the AAIP to screen and diagnose male JSO's in
treatment in Utah is very poor.
=========
The assessment of adolescent perpetrators of childhood sexual abuse.
Authors:
Becker, Judith V., U Arizona, Coll of Social & Behavioural Sciences, Tucson, AZ, US
Source:
The Irish Journal of Psychology, Vol 19(1), 1998. Special issue: Understanding, assessing and
treating juvenile and adult sex offenders. pp. 68-81.
Page Count:
14
Publisher:
Ireland: Psychological Society of Ireland/Cumann Siceolaithe Eireann.
Other Publishers:
ISSN:
0303-3910 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
characteristics of juvenile sex offenders & guidelines for conducting comprehensive clinical
assessment
Abstract:
Prior to any intervention with juvenile sex offenders it is vital that a comprehensive assessment
of the youth and his family be completed. To aid the clinician in conducting such an assessment
the literature on the characteristics of male juvenile sex offenders, female offenders, and parents
of young offenders is briefly reviewed. Guidelines for conducting a comprehensive clinical
assessment of a sexually assaultive youth and his parents covering a number of key areas are
outlined. These include obtaining reports from outside sources, taking a developmental, sexual,
family, medical, and psychiatric history, and assessing the family's current attitude towards the
sexual offence. In particular, specific questions and areas of inquiry for completing a
comprehensive sexual development/sexual offending history are suggested. This article
concludes by highlighting the need for future studies to compare sexually abusive youth to other
types of juvenile offenders and their non-offending peers, and the need for the development of
forensically sound assessment instruments for use with this population.
-= = = = = = = = =
Challenges in the assessment and treatment of sexually abusive adolescents.
Authors:
Bremer, Janis F., Dept of Community Corrections, Minneapolis, MN, US
Source:
Page Count:
11
Publisher:
Other Publishers:
ISSN:
0303-3910 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
development & reliability & validity of Protective Factors Scale, assessment of treatment
requirement, juvenile sex offenders
Abstract:
Describes the Protective Factors Scale for assessing juvenile sex-offender treatment requirements
on a continuum of care. This brief 3 point scale groups a range of important prognostic variables
into 7 broad factors: General Behaviour, Offence Characteristics, Offence Denial, Social
Adjustment, Emotional Adjustment, Cooperation and Family Style. Evidence for the reliability
and validity of the scale is provided with specific reference to inter-rater agreement, acceptance
into treatment and treatment response. The complex relationship between 2 Factors from the
Protective Factors Scale (offence denial and emotional adjustment) and treatment response are
discussed in some detail.
=========
Family systemic approach to work with young sex offenders.
Authors:
Bentovim, Arnon, Great Ormond Street Hosp, London, England
Source:
Page Count:
17
Publisher:
Other Publishers:
ISSN:
0303-3910 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
systemic framework for assessment & treatment, juvenile sex offenders
Abstract:
Presents a systemic framework for the assessment and treatment of young sex offenders. From
this perspective abuse is viewed as occurring within the context of a trauma organized system
which includes the perpetrators and victims of sexual abuse and may also include members of
their family, social, and professional networks. A systemic approach to intervention which aims
to disrupt the processes of denial and silencing begins with crisis intervention. This is followed
by comprehensive family assessment. Treatment programs conceptualized within a systemic
framework involve individual or group therapy for the perpetrators, victims, siblings and parents
with concurrent family intervention involving both dyadic and whole-family sessions.
-= = = = = = = = =
Adolescent sex offenders: Identification and intervention strategies.
Authors:
Cashwell, Craig S., Mississippi State U, MS, US
Caruso, Michele E.
Source:
Journal of Mental Health Counseling, Vol 19(4), Oct, 1997. pp. 336-348.
Page Count:
13
Publisher:
US: American Mental Health Counselors Assn.
American Mental Health Counselors Association Journal
ISSN:
1040-2861 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
assessment & intervention strategies, adolescent sex offenders
Abstract:
Adolescent sex offenders increasingly are involved in the mental health delivery system.
Because researchers have concluded that between 34 and 60 percent of all sexual offenses are
perpetrated by adolescents, it is imperative that mental health counselors possess the knowledge
and skills to appropriately identify and treat these adolescents. The authors provide information
on current assessment and counseling intervention considerations in working with this
population.
==== =====
Assessment of the adolescent sex offender: Implications for the use of a measure to determine
seriousness of offending behavior.
Authors:
Hume, Marie Perry, The Florida State U, US
Source:
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, Vol 57(8-B), Feb,
1997. pp. 5328.
Page Count:
1
Publisher:
ISSN:
0419-4217 (Print)
Order Number:
AAM9700267
Language:
English
Keywords:
psychometric properties & reliability & factor structure of measure to determine seriousness of
sexual offending behavior, adolescent male offenders committed to state training school
Abstract:
Comprehensive assessment of adolescent sex offenders includes evaluation of the nature of the
sex offense committed. This study examined a systematic procedure for assessing seriousness of
sexual offending behavior (SOB) in adolescent offenders based on an assessment protocol
developed by Ross and Loss (1991). The measure consists of six items concerning the sex
offense and sex offense history. SOB was used to rate 123 adolescent male sexual offenders
committed to a state training school. The psychometric properties, reliability, and factor structure
of SOB were examined to determine the utility of such a measure. In addition, SOB was
expected to be related to variables such as age at first sex offense, most serious sex offense, total
number of sex offenses, and psychopathy as measured by Hare's Psychopathy Checklist -
Revised (PCL-R). Reliability analyses demonstrate high inter-rater reliability for SOB. Factor
Analysis revealed a two factor structure which was replicated with split-half cross-validation.
The first factor appears to represent quantitative aspects of sexual offending, including; how
much, how often, and how many victims. The second factor appears to represent qualitative
aspects, including; aggression and other characteristics of the offense. Total SOB was
significantly correlated with the number of sex offenses committed. Individual SOB items were
significantly correlated with most serious sex offense and total number of sex offenses. SOB did
not appear related to psychopathy. Oneway ANOVAs also supported significant differences
between high vs. medium and low risk offenders in total number of sex offenses and repeat
offending. Results support SOB as a reliable and useful assessment procedure. Limited
significant results appear related to the homogeneity of the current sample. It is suggested that
research with a wider range of sex offenders is necessary to further investigate the utility of the
SOB measure.
===== ====
Understanding and treating child and adolescent sexual offenders.
Authors:
Becker, Judith V., U Arizona, Dept of Psychology, Tucson, AZ, US
Hunter, John A.
Source:
Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, Vol 19, 1997. pp. 177-197.
Page Count:
21
Publisher:
US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
ISSN:
0149-4732 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
characteristics & motivations for sexually abusive & aggressive behaviors & assessment &
treatment issues, child & adolescent sexual offenders, literature review
Abstract:
Reviews the literature on the characteristics of both male and female juvenile sexual offenders
and "motivators" for sexually abusive and aggressive behavior. Important issues and
psychometric measures used in the assessment of juvenile sex offenders are examined, treatment
issues and modalities are discussed, and a clinical and research agenda for the future is proposed.
==== =====
Juvenile sexual offenders: Assessment issues.
Authors:
Vizard, Eileen., Young Abusers Project, London, England
Wynick, Sarah
Hawkes, Colin
Woods, John
et al.
Source:
British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 168(3), Mar, 1996. pp. 259-262.
Page Count:
4
Publisher:
United Kingdom: Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Journal of Mental Science
ISSN:
0007-1250 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
ethical & systemic issues in multidisciplinary team approach & model of assessment, 8–21 yr old
juvenile sex offenders against other children
Abstract:
Describes the ethical and systemic issues relevant to work with young sexual offenders against
other children. Many professionals are reluctant to label children as sex offenders, perpetrators,
or abusers. The crux of the debate about ethical and definitional issues is whether it is the child
or the behavior that is being labeled. Difficulties in clinical work with young abusers can be
avoided by using a multidisciplinary team approach, designing the assessment to address all
aspects of the young person's life, and keeping the referring agency involved in the assessment
process. The assessment model presented includes 4 components, including professionals
meeting, psychiatric assessment interviews, psychological assessment, and a comprehensive
report.
===== ====
Assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders: An empirical review.
Authors:
Bourke, Michael L., Nova Southeastern U, Ctr for Psychological Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL, US
Donohue, Brad
Source:
Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol 5(1), 1996. pp. 47-70.
Page Count:
24
Publisher:
US: Haworth Press.
Other Publishers:
ISSN:
1053-8712 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
assessment & treatment of juvenile sex offenders, literature review
Abstract:
Provides an empirically based description of juvenile sexual offenders (JSO). Strategies and
issues relevant to the clinical interview including the JSO's family history, child maltreatment,
and substance abuse are discussed, and an overview of self-report inventories including the
Adolescent Sexual Interest Card Sort, the Adolescent Cognitions Scale, and the Multiphasic Sex
Inventory is provided. Descriptions of inpatient and outpatient treatment techniques for JSOs are
given including covert sensitization, imaginal desensitization, and multisystemic therapy. The
authors suggest areas warranting future empirical exploration.
==== =====
Immediate assessment of adolescent sex offenders seen at the police station.
Authors:
Bruinsma, Frits
Source:
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol 39(4), Win, 1995.
pp. 307-316.
Page Count:
10
Publisher:
ISSN:
0306-624X (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
assessment of offense & diagnosis & treatment, early intervention, 7–18 yr old male sex
offenders seen on day of detention, Netherlands
Abstract:
Every juvenile sex offender is seen on the day of detention at the police station. This project is
based on the assumption that early intervention may prevent male juvenile sex offenders from
developing into sexually abusive men. Assessment of the offense, diagnosis, and treatment of the
juvenile have proven to be helpful. The project occurred in Utrecht, The Netherlands from 1988
to 1993 and examined 78 boys (aged 7–18 yrs).
===== ====
The treatment of youthful sexual offenders.
Authors:
Morenz, Barry, U Arizona, Dept of Psychiatry, Tucson, US
Becker, Judith
Source:
Applied & Preventive Psychology, Vol 4(4), Fal, 1995. pp. 247-256.
Page Count:
10
Publisher:
ISSN:
0962-1849 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
characteristics & etiology & typology & assessment & treatment, youthful sex offenders
Abstract:
Reviews the current knowledge of the characteristics, proposed etiologies, typologies,
assessment protocols, and treatments for youthful sex offenders. Characteristics include family
instability, violence, abuse, deficits in social competency, and low academic performance. The
Interaction Model of Sexual Aggression and a continuum theory of sexual tactics are discussed
as theories of etiology. Two taxonomic systems are considered: One describes 7 types of
youthful sex offenders and the other assigns adult sex offenders to a rapist or child molester
category and then to a narrower type. A pretrial type of assessment may include the juvenile's
degree of psychopathology and social competence, assessment of the family, and the juvenile's
response to treatment and risk to the community. Treatment focuses on denial and minimization
of the offense, empathy for the victim, cognitive behavioral approaches, relapse prevention, and
antiandrogen medication.
==== =====
Children with sexual behavior problems, adolescent sexual abusers, and adult sex offenders:
Assessment and treatment.
Authors:
Pithers, William D., Vermont Dept of Corrections, Vermont Ctr for Prevention & Treatment of
Sexual Abuse, Williston, VT, US
Becker, Judith V.
Kafka, Martin
Morenz, Barry
Schlank, Anita
Leombruno, Tammy
Source:
American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, Vol 14, 1995. pp. 779-818.
Page Count:
40
Publisher:
US: American Psychiatric Press.
ISSN:
1041-5882 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
assessment & treatment, children with sexual behavior problems & adolescent sexual abusers &
adult sex offenders
Abstract:
This articles examines the assessment and treatment (including relapse prevention and drug
therapy) of children with sexual behavior problems, adolescent sexual abusers, and adult sex
offenders. The article briefly examines public health consequences of sexual abuse; age at onset;
etiology; common sequence of precursors to sexual abuse; and external, supervisory dimension.
===== ====
The relationship between phallometrically measured deviant sexual arousal and clinical
characteristics in juvenile sexual offenders.
Authors:
Hunter, John A., Pines Residential Treatment Ctr, Behavioral Studies Program, Portsmouth, VA,
US
Goodwin, Dennis W.
Becker, Judith V.
Source:
Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol 32(5), Jun, 1994. pp. 533-538.
Page Count:
6
Publisher:
ISSN:
0005-7967 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
clinical characteristics & phallometric assessment of deviant sexual arousal, juvenile sex
offenders
Abstract:
Examined the relationship between clinical characteristics and a phallometrically derived
deviance quotient in a total of 98 juvenile sex offenders (mean age 15.4 yrs). Results support an
association between higher measured deviant arousal and having a male victim only, consistent
with the literature on adult child molesters. However, results reflect greater fluidity in the offense
patterns of the juvenile offenders, and generally less correspondence between measured arousal
and offense histories than what has been cited for adults. The authors review whether there is
empirical support for a classical conditioning model of deviant arousal onset in juveniles, and
suggest caution in the interpretation of phallometric data with this population.
==== =====
The role of deviant sexual arousal in juvenile sexual offending: Etiology, evaluation, and
treatment.
Authors:
Hunter, John A., Pines Residential Treatment Ctr, Portsmouth, VA, US
Becker, Judith V.
Source:
Criminal Justice and Behavior, Vol 21(1), Mar, 1994. Special issue: The assessment and
treatment of sex offenders. pp. 132-149.
Page Count:
18
Publisher:
ISSN:
0093-8548 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
issues in etiology & evaluation & cognitive based treatment of deviant sexual arousal, juvenile
sexual offenders
Abstract:
Reviews the construct of deviant sexual arousal and its application to understanding juvenile
sexual offending. In contrast to the relatively extensive investigation of deviant sexual interests
in adult sex offenders, the juvenile offender literature is just beginning to emerge. Studies are
reviewed relevant to the etiology of deviant sexual arousal in juveniles, its measurement, and
attempts to alter such patterns through the application of cognitive-behavioral methodologies.
The authors urge caution in comparing the etiology and clinical manifestation of deviant sexual
behavior in juveniles and adults, and suggest that juvenile sex offenders represent a
heterogeneous population with diverse evaluative and treatment needs.
===== ====
The effect of polygraphy on the self report of adolescent sex offenders: Implications for risk
assessment.
Authors:
Emerick, Robert L.
Dutton, Wendy A.
Source:
Annals of Sex Research, Vol 6(2), 1993. pp. 83-103.
Page Count:
21
Publisher:
Germany: Springer.
Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment
Other Publishers:
ISSN:
0843-4611 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
polygraphy, self report of assault history, male 10–18 yr old sex offenders
Abstract:
Examined 3 sources of assault history information for 76 "high risk" adolescent sexual offenders
(aged 10–18 yrs): collateral (victim statements, police reports, psychological examinations),
clinical interviews, and confirmation polygraph testing. Chi-square analysis revealed significant
differences between data retrieved by use of clinical polygraph examination and both of the other
data sources. Also revealed were selected assault history variables assumed to be relevant for
pre-treatment decision making and for which significant differences were observed. These
include number of victims, process of victim selection, degree of force used in the commission
of offenses, use of pornography, and degree of intrusion. The number of female child victims
assaulted by the offenders was demonstrated to be significantly related to the severity of
pornography used as a stimulus while masturbating.
==== =====
Assessment of sexual knowledge and attitudes in an adolescent sex offender population.
Authors:
Kaplan, Meg S., Columbia U, New York State Psychiatric Inst, US
Becker, Judith V.
Tenke, Craig E.
Source:
Journal of Sex Education & Therapy, Vol 17(3), Fal, 1991. pp. 217-225.
Page Count:
9
Publisher:
US: American Assn of Sex Educators Counselors & Therapists.
ISSN:
0161-4576 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
sex education, sexual knowledge & attitudes, inner city male 12.1–19 yr old sex offenders
Abstract:
Administered the Math Tech Sex Education Test (D. Kirby, 1984) to inner-city male adolescent
sex offenders during an initial assessment and after participation in a 40-wk group treatment
program, during which 4 weekly group sessions were devoted to sex education. Results indicate
that the 45 Ss who completed the entire program significantly shifted their sexual attitudes and
values. Improvements in the knowledge portion of the test were statistically reliable only for Ss
who completed all items on the test (n = 19). Results indicate that attitudes may be more readily
influenced than knowledge in a treatment program for adolescent offenders.
===== ====
Forensic evaluation of the adolescent sex offender.
Authors:
Zussman, Robert
Source:
Forensic Reports, Vol 2(1), Win, 1989. pp. 25-45.
Page Count:
21
Publisher:
US: Hemisphere Publishing Corp..
ISSN:
0888-692X (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
forensic evaluation, sex offending adolescents
Abstract:
Discusses how the assessment of the adolescent sex offender should include (1) a clinical
interview and mental status examination; (2) a thorough review of personal, social, educational,
vocational, medical, and sexual history; (3) a battery of psychological tests, selected for
empirical soundness and clinical relevance, and chosen on the basis of the multitrait/multimethod
model; and (4) a psychophysiological assessment of sexual arousal patterns when a sexual
impulse disorder is probable. The goal is to include an ecological perspective in the description
of the adolescent's attitudinal, affective, cognitive, and behavioral patterns, and in the estimation
of likely response to psychological and/or correctional types of interventions.
==== =====
The juvenile sexual offender: Challenges to assessment for outpatient intervention.
Authors:
Bethea-Jackson, Gail, Psychological Assoc, Oxon Hill, MD, US
Brissett-Chapman, Sheryl
Source:
Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, Vol 6(2), Sum, 1989. pp. 127-137.
Page Count:
11
Publisher:
Germany: Springer.
ISSN:
0738-0151 (Print)
Language:
English
Keywords:
assessment in outpatient treatment, male 13 yr old sex offenders, case report
Abstract:
Discusses issues related to the assessment of juvenile sex offenders in outpatient treatment. It is
asserted that the assessment tool should address academic, socialization, family structure and
dynamics, and sexuality issues, in addition to the presenting problem. A juvenile abuser
treatment is described, and the diagnostic profile of a 13-yr-old Black male sexual abuser is
provided.
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Adolescent Sex Offenders

Treatment for juveniles who sexually offend in a Southwestern state.

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