1.

Introduction to Science, Technology and Society

2. Historical Antecedents in which Social Considerations Changed the Course of Science and
Technology
2.1 Pre-historic Science and Technology
2.1.1 The Stone Age
2.1.2 The Bronze Age
2.1. 3 The Iron Age
2.2 Beginning of Modern Science and Technology
2.2.1 Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution
2.2.1.1 The Renaissance
2.2.1.2 Some Scientific and Technological Inventions
2.2.1.3 The Scientific Revolution
2.2.1.4 Social Implications of the Scientific Revolution
2.2.2 Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution
2.2.2.1 The Age of Enlightenment
2.2.2.2 The Industrial Revolution
2.2.2.3 Some Scientific and Technological Discoveries and Inventions During the
Industrial Revolution
2.3 The Growth of 20th Century Science and Technology
2.3.1 Importance of Science and Technology Development

3. Intellectual Revolutions
3.1 Copernican Revolution/Heliocentric Theory
3.1.1 Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
3.1.2 The Heliocentric Theory
3.1.3 Social implications of the Copernican Revolution/Heliocentric Theory
3.2 Darwinian Revolution/Theory of Evolution
3.2.1 Who is Charles Darwin?
3.2.2 The Theory of Evolution
3.2.2.1 Natural Selection
3.2.2.2 Genetic Drift
3.2.2.3 Mutation
3.2.3 Social implications of the Darwinian Revolution/Theory of Evolution
3.3. Freudian Revolution/Psychoanalytic Theory
3.3.1 Who is Sigmund Freud?
3.3.2 The Psychoanalytic Theory
3.3.3 Social implications of Freudian Revolution/Psychoanalytic Theory
3.4 Turing’s Revolution/Computation Theory
3.4.1 Who is Alan Turing?
3.4.2 The Computation Theory
3.4.2.1 Turing’s Machine
3.4.2.2 Automata
3.4.3 Social implications of Turing’s Revolution/Computation Theory
4. Science and Technology and Nation Building
4.1 History of Science and Technology in the Philippines
4.1.1 Pre-Colonial Science and Technology
4.1.2 Science and Technology during the Spanish Colonial Period
4.1.3 Science and Technology during the American Colonial Period
4.1.4 Science and Technology during the Commonwealth Period
4.1.5. Science and Technology during the Post-Independence Period 4.2
 Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines
4.2.1 What is indigenous science and technology (IST)?
4.2.2 The Indigenous/Early Filipinos.
4.2.3 What is indigenous knowledge and indigenous knowledge system?
4.2.4 Examples of indigenous science and technology (IST) in the
Philippines. 4.2.5 The importance of IST in addressing societal challenges.
4.3 Current State of Science and Technology in the Philippines
4.3.1 The current state of science and technology in the Philippines
4.3.2 The role of science and technology in national development
4.3.3 Impact of Science and Technology on Philippine Society and Culture
4.3.4 Challenges and Opportunities for Promoting and Developing Science and
Technology in the Philippines
4.4 The Philippine Government S&T Agenda and Major Development Programs 4.4.1
The Department of Science and Technology and It’s Implementing Agencies
4.4.2 “AmBisyon Natin 2040”
4.4.3 The Harmonized National Research and Development Agenda (HNRDA) 2022-
2028 4.4.4 The DOST Science for Change Program (S4CP)
4.4.5 Other Programs and Projects
4.5 Philippine S&T Personalities and Their Contributions
4.6 Science Education in The Philippines

5. The Human Person flourishing in terms of science and technology

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Technological Advancements and Human Flourishing
5.3 Challenges and Ethical Considerations
5.4 Policy and Regulation
5.5 Future Prospects

6. Why does the future not need us?

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Emerging Technologies and Their Potential
6.3 Existential Risks and Ethical Dilemmas
6.4 Humanity's Role in Shaping the Future
6.5 Conclusion

7. Biodiversity and the Healthy Society

7.1 Introduction to Biodiversity
7.1.1 What is biodiversity?
7.1.2 Why is biodiversity important?
7.1.3 The different types of biodiversity
7.2 Threats to Biodiversity
7.2.1 Habitat loss and fragmentation
7.2.2 Invasive species
7.2.3 Overexploitation
7.2.4 Pollution
7.2.5 Climate change
7.2.6 Biodiversity loss
7.3 Biodiversity and Human Health
7.4 Biodiversity Conservation
7.4.1 Different biodiversity conservation strategies
7.4.2 The role of governments, businesses, and individuals in biodiversity
conservation 7.5. Biodiversity and Sustainable Development
 7.5.1 The importance of biodiversity for sustainable development
7.5.2 How to integrate biodiversity conservation into development planning

8. The information Age (Gutenberg to social media)

8.1 The Gutenberg Revolution
8.1.1 The Pre-Gutenberg Era
8.1.2 The Printing Press
8.1.3 The Spread of Information
8.2 The Age of Enlightenment and Mass Media
8.2.1 The Enlightenment and Its Information Ecosystem
8.2.2 Newspapers, Magazines, and Broadsheets
8.2.3 Libraries as knowledge hubs, libraries' role in the
Enlightenment 8.3 The Rise of the Digital Age
8.3.1 The Advent of Telecommunications
8.3.2 Mass broadcasting and its societal impact
8.3.3 The Computer Revolution
8.4 The Internet and the Information Superhighway
8.4.1 The Birth of the Internet
8.4.2 E-commerce and Digital Publishing
8.4.3 Search Engines and Social Networking
8.5 Social Media’s Impacts on Society and Communication
8.5.1 Social media's effects on information sharing, activism, and
privacy 8.5.2 Fake News, Misinformation, and the Future

9. The Nano World

9.1 Introduction to Nanotechnology
9.1.1 Definition of nanotechnology
9.1.2 Historical overview
9.1.3 The significance of the nanoscale
9.2 Nanoscale Science
9.2.1 Size and scale in nanotechnology
9.2.2 Nanomaterials
9.3. Applications of Nanotechnology
9.3.1 Nanotechnology in Medicine
9.3.2 Nanotechnology in Electronics
9.3.3 Environmental and Energy Applications
9.4 Ethical and Societal Implications
9.4.1 Responsible development and use of nanotechnology
9.4.2 Environmental and health concerns
9.4.3 Ethical dilemmas and regulation

10. Genetically Modified Organisms: Science, Health, and Politics

10.1 Introduction to Genetic Modification
10.1.1 Definition and history of genetic modification
10.1.2 Types of genetic modifications (transgenic, cisgenic, etc.)
10.1.3 Techniques and tools used in genetic modification
10.2 Benefits and Controversies of GMOs
10.2.1 Potential advantages of GMOs in agriculture and food
production 10.2.2 GMOs and Human Health
10.2.3 Environmental Impact of GMOs
10.3 Socio-Political Aspects of GMOs
10.3.1 Stakeholder perspectives
 10.3.2 Cultural and socio-economic implications
10.3.3 International regulations and treaties

11. Gene therapy (stem Cells)

11.1 Foundations of Gene Therapy and Stem Cells
11.1.1 What is Gene Therapy?
11.1.2 What are Stem Cells?
11.1.2 Gene Editing Technologies
11.2 Gene Therapy and Stem Cells: A Powerful Combination
11.2.1 Advantages of using stem cells for gene therapy
11.2.2 Examples of gene therapy clinical trials using stem cells
11.3 Societal Implications and Future Prospects
11.3.1 Socio-Economic Impact
11.3.2 Ethical and Legal Considerations
11.3.3 Future Trends and Ethical Dilemmas

12. Climate Change

12.1 Introduction to Climate Science
12.1.1 Overview of Earth's Climate System
12.1.2 Greenhouse Gases and their Role
12.1.3 Natural Climate Variability

12.2 Causes and Contributors to Climate Change

12.2.1 Anthropogenic Factors
12.2.1.1 Fossil Fuel Combustion and Carbon Emissions
12.2.1.2 Deforestation and Land-use Changes
12.2.1.3 Industrial Processes and Greenhouse Gas Production
12.2.2 Natural Factors
12.2.2.1 Solar Variability and Climate
12.2.2.2 Volcanic Activity and Climate Impact
12.2.2.3 Ocean Circulation and its Influence

12.3 Global and Regional Impacts

12.3.1 Rising Temperatures and Heatwaves
12.3.2 Changes in Precipitation Patterns
12.3.3 Impact on Ecosystems and Biodiversity

12.4 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

12.3.1 Mitigation Measures
12.3.1.1 Renewable Energy Sources
12.3.1.2 Carbon Capture and Storage
12.3.1.3 Sustainable Agriculture and Land Use
12.3.2 Policy and International Cooperation
12.3.2.1 Global Climate Agreements (e.g., Paris Agreement, IPCC)
12.3.2.2 National Climate Action Plans
12.3.2.3 Challenges in Implementing Climate Policies
12.3.3 Sub-Unit 3: Adaptation to Climate Change
12.3.3.1 Building Resilient Infrastructure
12.3.3.2 Climate-smart Urban Planning
12.3.3.3 Community-based Adaptation Strategies

13. Energy Crisis

 13.1 Introduction to Energy Crisis
13.1.1 Understanding the concept of an energy crisis
13.1.2 Historical perspective on global energy consumption and
production 13.1.3 Identification of key indicators of an energy crisis

13.2 Causes and Contributing Factors

13.2.1 Depletion of fossil fuels
13.2.2 Growing global energy demand
13.2.3 Environmental and geopolitical challenges
13.3 Impacts on Society and the Environment
13.3.1 Economic consequences of energy shortages
13.3.2 Environmental degradation and climate change
13.3.3 Social implications, including access to energy in developing regions

13.4 Renewable Energy Technologies

13.4.1 Solar power
13.4.2 Wind energy
13.4.3 Hydropower and tidal energy
13.4.4 Nuclear Energy
13.4.4.1 Understanding nuclear fission and fusion
13.4.4.2 Pros and cons of nuclear power
13.4.4.3 Safety considerations and waste management
13.4.5 Bioenergy and biofuels

13.5 Sustainable Energy Policies and Solutions

13.5.1 The Paris Agreement and its impact on energy policies
13.5.2 Global initiatives for sustainable energy development
13.5.3 Challenges and opportunities in international cooperation

14. Environmental Awareness

14.1 Understanding the Environment
14.2.1 Definition and Components of the Environment
14.1.2 Interconnectedness of Ecosystems
14.1.3 Importance of Biodiversity

14.2 Environmental Issues and Challenges

14.2.1 Climate Change and Global Warming
14.2.2 Pollution and its Impacts
14.2.2.1 Types of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil)
14.2.2.2 Sources and Consequences of Pollution
14.2.2.3 Pollution Prevention and Control Measures
14.2.3 Depletion of Natural Resources
14.2.3.1 Overexploitation of Forests and Fisheries
14.2.3.2 Loss of Biodiversity
14.2.3.3 Sustainable Resource Management

14.3 Solutions and Actions for Environmental Conservation

14.3.1 Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technologies
14.3.1.1 Solar, Wind, and Hydroelectric Power
14.3.1.2 Green Building Practices
14.3.1.3 Advancements in Sustainable Technologies
14.3.2 Conservation of Ecosystems and Biodiversity
 14.3.2.1 Protected Areas and Wildlife Conservation
14.3.2.2 Ecotourism as a Conservation Strategy
14.3.2.3 Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems

14.4 The Role of Individuals in Environmental Conservation

14.4.1 Personal Ecological Footprint
14.4.2 Sustainable Living Practices
14.4.3 Impact of Consumer Choices on the Environment