Primary Source: Santiago Alvarez “Memoirs of Secondary Source:

A Teodoro Agoncillo’s
General “Revolt of the Masses”
Author’s background On July 25, 1872, Santiago Alvarez, Teodoro Andal Agoncillo was a
a revolutionary general and founder and prominent 20th-century
honorary president of the first directorate of the Filipino historian. He and his
Nacionalista Party, was born in Imus, Cavite. He contemporary Renato
was known as Kidlat ng Apoy (Lightning of Fire) Constantino were among the
because of his inflamed bravery and dedication first Filipino historians
as commander in the battle of Dalhican, Cavite. renowned for promoting a
distinctly nationalist point of
view of Filipino history. He was
also an essayist and a poet.

When was the account According to the Journal of Southeast Asian The account was written in
written? Studies, the account was written by Santiago 1947, but it was published in
Alvarez in 1956.
the year 1927

Mention of date(s) March 25, 1897 > assembly at Tejeros convened Early part of November > the
Capitak was moved to San
March 27, 1897 > the night after therumored Francisco de Malabon
meeting of Magdalo leaders,eye witness revealed
that a meeting was indeed had taken place at December 1896 > Bonifacio
parish house in Tanza. acceded to the request in the
third invitation

January 2, 1897 > Bonifacio

wrote from San Francisco de
Malabon to his uncle in law
Mario Alvarez

April 1897 > spaniards

captured the town that
Bonifacio stayed in

March 22, 1897 > Aguinaldo's

burthday

Key Personalities  Jacinto Lumbreras – Secretery of  Andres Bonifacio – the

theMagdiwang council Supremo; the Supreme
 Anres Bonifacio – the Supremo; won as head of the Katipunan –
theSecretary of the Interior at the obeyed by all; founder of
the Katipunan; and the
 Election,however, he did not took an oat initiator of the Revolution
 Ariston Villanueva – Secretary of War of  Mariano Alvarez –
Magdiwang president of the
 Mariano Alvarez Magdiwang council
 Pascual Alvarez  Pascual Alvarez –
 Ariston Villanueva executive secretary of
 Mriano Trias Magdiwang
 Diego Mojica  Emiliano Riego de Dios –
 Emiliano de Dios Minister of the Interior
 Santiago Alvarez (pagpapaunlad) of
 Artemio Recarte Magdiwang
 Santos Nocon  Mariano Trias – Minister
 Luciano San Miguel of Grace and Justice of
 Pablo Mojica Magdiwang
 Severino da las Alas  Ariston Villanueva –
 Santiago Rillo Minister of War of
 Baldomero Aguinaldo –President of the Magdiwang
Magdalo Council  Santiago Alvarez –
 Daniel Tirona Commander-in-Chief of
 Cayetano Topacio Magdiwang
 Emilio Aguinaldo – winner of the elections for  Diego Moxica – Minister
the position President of Financeof Magdiwang
 Mariano Trias – winner of the elections for  Artemio Rcarte &
the position Vice-president Meriano Riego de Dios –
 General Vibora – won over General Apoy as Military Commanders of
Captain General in the election Magdiwang
 Emiliano de Dios – won the position of  Baldomero Aguinaldo –
Secretary of War in the election President of the Magdalo
government
 Candido Tirona – Minister
of War of Magdalo
 Cayetano Topacio –
Minister of Finance of
Magdalo
 Emilio Aguinaldo –
Commander-in-Chief of
Magdalo
 Edilberto Evangelista –
Lieutenant General of
Madalo
 Vito Belarmino & Crispulo
Aguinaldo – Military
Commanders of Madalo
 Jacinto Lumbreras,
Teodoro Gonzales,&
Severino de las Alas – the
acting officers of othe
 Magdiwang in the
assembly at Tajeros
Sequencing of events -The Tejeros Convention was
- On March 25th, 1987 an assembly took place in the meeting held on March 22,
Tejeros. 1897 between the Magdiwang
- The leaders were seated at the presidential table and Magdalo factions of the
and it was divided into two groups: Magdiwang katipunan at the San Francisco
and de Malabon.
Magdalos Council.
- Misunderstanding sparked between Supremo -Misunderstanding arise
Bonifacio and Daniel Tirona. between Andres Bonifacio and
- Bonifacio declared the matters discussed in the Daniel Torino.
meeting will be null and invalid.
-Those elected in Tejeros
Conventon knelt before the
crucifix. 

-Magdalo troops guard the

path- taking ceremonies inside
the parish

Differences Date of the Tejeros Convention: Revolutionary leader, According to historian Teodoro
between the Santiago Alvarez stated that the Tejeros Convention Agoncillo he Tejeros Convention
two accounts occurred on March 25, 1897. occurred on March 22, 1897,
which was Aguinaldo’s birthday

Primary Source: Robert B. Fox. The Tabon Caves: Secondary source: William Henry
Archeological Explorations and Excavations on Palawan Scott. Pre-Hispanic Source
Island, Philippines. Materials for the study of
Philippine History
Author’s Profession: Profession:
background •Anthropologist Role of an •Historian Role of a Historian:
Anthropologist: •Specialize in investigation and
•Specialize in the discovery of human remains and analysis of competing ideas, facts,
 artifacts and purported facts
When was the •1965–Philippine Journal of Science •1968–University of Santo Tomas
account written?
Mention of date(s) 1. June and July 1962-Initial Excavations of Tabon cave •7,000B.C,20,000
conducted by the author himself. B.C.,28,000B.C.– existence of
2. 22,000 to 24,000 years ago–age of the Tabon Man. Homo Sapiens
•45,000 or 50,000 B.C. -Upper
Pleistocene/Dispersal of Homo
Sapiens
Key Personalities

Sequencing of 1. In June and July 1962, the scattered fossils bones 1. The earliest human skull
events include the frontal bone with the brows and portions remains in the Philippines
of the nasal bones. are fossilized fragments of
2. The area in which the human fossils' bones were the skull and jawbone of
discovered had been disturbed by Magapode birds. three individuals.
3. The data suggests that Tabon dated from 22,000 to 2. Tabon Cave is a kind of
24,000 years ago. little stone age factory
4. The exact age of the human fossils can be
determined through chemical analysis.
5. The fossil bones are those of Homo sapiens.
Differences between 1. The author is an anthropologist and his specialty 1. The author is a Historian
the two accounts is in excavation and validating of fossils and and he investigates and
artifacts. analyzes facts.
2. This account was published earlier than the other 2. This account was
account. published later than the
3. It mentioned that in June and July 1962, the other account.
excavation was personally conducted by Fox. 3. It did not mention that
4. It mentioned 22,000 to 24,000 B.C. which is Scott personally
different from Scott. conducted the
5. It mentioned Palawan Island (Tabon Cave) as the excavation.
place of excavation which is also the same as 4. It mentioned 45,000,
Scott. 50,000 B.C., 28,000 B.C. &
6. The sequences of events show that Fox 7,000 B.C. which is
conducted the excavation and discovered the different from Fox.
Tabon Man. 5. It mentioned West coast
of Palawan (Tabon Cave)
as the place of excavation
which is also the same as
Fox.
6. The sequences of events
show that Scott did not
conduct the study in
Tabon Cave but relied on
the two experts in terms
of other variables.
Tabon Man

B. Which is the primary source and the secondary source between the two readings?

The primary source is the work of Robert B. Fox, while the secondary source is the work of William Scott.

The primary source is the work

of Robert B. Fox while the
secondary
source is the work of William
Scott.
Robert Fox is a more credible
source provider because Robert
Fox,
himself, discovered the Tabon
Man. In comparison with
William Scott is an
 historian and Robert Fox is an
anthropologist
C. Do a credibility analysis of the sources. Who between the two authors is more credible to talk about the
topic?

Robert Fox is a more credible source provider because Robert Fox, himself, discovered the Tabon Man. In
comparison with William Scott is an historian and Robert Fox is an anthropologist.