Hygieia: Smart Healthy Toilet System

1st Dr. Sandeep Ganorkar , 2nd Avesh Pathan , 3rd Durgaprasad sappata , 4th Dipanshu Tidke , 5th Sharukh Pinjare , 6th Tejas Dhomne
Department of Information Technology
Karmaveer Dadasaheb Kannamwar College of Engineering
Nagpur, India
1st sunanda.khandait@kdkce.edu.in , 2nd aveshpathan432@gmail.com , 3rd durgaprasad6816@gmail.com ,
4th dipanshutidke@gmail.com , 5th shahrukhraza009@gmail.com, 6th tejasdhomne978@gmail.com

Abstract: Toilets are an essential amenity for maintaining

good hygiene and sanitation, but the figure up of sick II. MOTIVATION
emigrations and frequent use can lead to poor inner air
quality. This design aims to develop an IoT- grounded Maintaining proper sanitation and cleanliness in both
restroom system that uses detectors to descry air quality public and private restrooms is the key driving force
and alert cleansers or possessors when it's time for behind the development of an Internet of things-based
cleaning. The system consists of a microcontroller toilet system. Public restrooms are often utilised in
connected to air quality and stir detectors. A pall grounded businesses, public locations, and heavily inhabited
algorithm analyzes the data to determine when cleaning is regions. However, people may experience pain and health
demanded, while an exhaust addict maintains a concerns as a result of exposure to toxic gases and
comfortable terrain and energy effectiveness. The system offensive odours from public restrooms.
can also integrate with a mobile app to check residency
and air quality. By perfecting cleanliness and air quality in III. RELATED WORKS
public/ private toilets, this design can enhance stoner
experience and reduce the spread of infections. The application of IoT-based technologies to enhance
cleanliness and sanitation in public areas has been the
Keywords:- IoT, Sensors, Air Quality, Microcontroller, subject of several research. For instance, the study [3]
Infection Control. created an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart toilet
system that combines sensors and data analytics to
I. INTRODUCTION optimise water quality and use while also giving
consumers immediate feedback. In a similar vein, the
In moment’s world, maintaining proper hygiene and study [4] presented an intelligent lavatory system that
sanita- tion in public toilets is of utmost significance to predicts toilet occupancy and cuts down on user wait
help the spread of conditions and insure a safe and healthy times using sensors and machine learning algorithms.
terrain. still, it can be grueling to maintain good inner air
quality in toilets due to frequent use and sick emigrations. The use of petrol sensors to track interior air quality and
To address this issue, a new IoT- grounded restroom identify potentially dangerous contaminants has been the
system is being developed, which uses detectors to descry topic of other studies. For example, the study [1]
the air quality inside the restroom and alert the restroom developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality
attendants or possessors when it's time for cleaning. The monitoring system that measures several indoor
IoT- grounded restroom system comprises a contaminants, such as nitrogen dioxide and carbon
microcontroller that's connected to a set of detectors, monoxide, using many sensors. In a similar vein, the study
including air quality detectors( MQ- 7 and MQ- 135), and [2] created a gas sensor network that recognises and
stir detector. The mi- crocontroller uses a pall- grounded classifies various gas pollutants in a range of interior
algorithm to dissect the detector data and determine when situations using machine learning approaches.
the restroom needs cleaning. also, the system operates an
exhaust addict grounded on the air quality data, Although these studies offer insightful information on the
design and execution of IoT-based systems for public
areas, they frequently concentrate on certain issues, such
Maintaining a comfortable terrain inside the restroom gas detection or water usage, and could not cover the
while keeping energy consumption to a minimum. The entire spectrum of difficulties encountered in public
system is integrated with a mobile app that allows the toilets. In contrast, our suggested system integrates MQ-7
possessors cleansers to check residency and air quality. and MQ-135 gas sensors, a cloud-based server utilising
The design has significant counteraccusations for Firebase, and a mobile app to offer a full solution to
maintaining the cleanliness and excellent air quality in enhance the air quality and cleanliness of public and
public/ private toilets, perfecting the stoner experience, private restrooms.
and reducing the spread of infections. This design is also
anticipated to have a positive impact on the terrain by IV. HARDWARES AND SOFTWARES USED
reducing the use of drawing chemicals and minimizing
energy consumption
 In this section, we provide a brief overview of the
hardwares and softwares used our proposed system.

A. Hardwares

 Arduino Uno: Arduino Uno is a popular

microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P chip.
It is widely used for various projects due to its
simplicity and ease of use. It is widely used in IoT
applications due to its versatility and compatibility
with various sensors and modules.

 MQ-135 Gas Sensor: In addition to the MQ-7 sensor,

we also used the MQ-135 gas sensor in our system to
detect the presence and concentration of other gases in In our system, the MQ-135 sensor was employed to
the restroom environment. The MQ-135 sensor is a identify the presence of ammonia and other gases in the
low-cost gas sensor that is commonly used for air restroom environment. It interfaced with the Arduino Uno
quality monitoring in homes, offices, and other indoor microcontroller, which processed sensor data and initiated
environments. The sensor can detect the presence of a corresponding actions. We integrated an IR sensor
wide range of gases, including ammonia, nitrogen alongside a GSM module to transmit alerts and
oxides, and carbon dioxide, as well as other organic notifications to pertinent parties.
compounds.
This setup ensures real-time detection of gas levels and
 IR detector: A device that detects infrared radiation, a human presence in the restroom area. When gas levels,
kind of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths particularly ammonia, surpass predefined thresholds or
longer than visible light, is known as an infrared (IR) when human presence is detected, the system activates the
sensor. Infrared sensors are widely utilised in many GSM module to dispatch alerts to designated recipients,
different fields, such as temperature monitoring, ensuring prompt response to potential safety or sanitation
motion detection, and proximity sensing. issues.

 GSM module: A GSM (Global System for Mobile B. Softwares

Communications) module is a hardware component
that enables devices to establish communication over  Arduino IDE: The Arduino IDE is an open-source
cellular networks. It essentially acts as a modem that soft- ware development environment used for writing,
allows devices to send and receive data, make calls, compiling, and uploading code to Arduino boards. It
and send text messages (SMS) using the GSM network supports multiple programming languages, including C
infrastructure. and C++, and provides a user-friendly interface for
writing and debugging code. The IDE includes a code
In this project, we utilized the Arduino Uno editor with features such as syntax highlighting, code
microcontroller to gather data from the gas sensors and completion, and error highlighting, making it easy to
transmit it through a GSM module. The Arduino IDE write and debug code.
facilitated programming for the Uno. The MQ-135 sensor,
functioning on metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) In addition to the code editor, the IDE includes a
technology like the MQ-7 and MQ-136 sensors, serial monitor that allows the user to communicate with
underwent exposure to gas, causing interaction with the the Arduino board via the serial port. This is useful for
MOS material and resulting in a resistance change. This debugging purposes and for sending and receiving data to
transformation was measured and converted into a voltage and from the board.
signal, interpretable by a microcontroller or other
electronic device. The MQ-135 sensor's detection range The IDE also includes a library manager that allows
spans 10 to 300 ppm for ammonia (NH3), with a response the user to easily download and install libraries, which are
time of under 10 seconds. It exhibits high sensitivity to pre- written code that can be used to extend the
gases like nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), functionality of the Arduino board. These libraries can be
and organic compounds, making it adept for indoor air searched and downloaded from a centralized repository
quality monitoring. within the IDE, making it easy to find and use them in a
project.

Overall, the Arduino IDE provides a simple and

powerful development environment for programming
Arduino boards, making it accessible to both beginners
and experts alike.

V. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
 cleaning person or authority, requesting manual
In this section, we describe the proposed cleaning of the toilet.
methodology for the system. Our system uses a gas sensor,
MQ-135, to measure ammonia, respectively. These In summary, our proposed system offers a
sensors were chosen because they are low-cost, small in comprehensive solution for monitoring and regulating the
size, and provide accurate readings for the target gases. air quality within a toilet. Through the utilization of IR
sensors and a GSM module, it achieves wireless control of
A. Sensor Calibration the exhaust fan and alerts relevant personnel when
Before deploying the sensors, they were calibrated necessary. This ensures a comfortable and hygienic
using a gas calibration chamber to ensure accurate and environment for users while minimizing energy
consis- tent readings. The calibration process involved consumption.
exposing the sensors to known concentrations of carbon
monoxide and ammonia gases, and recording the output VI. CONCLUSION
voltage from the sensors. These calibration data were used
to develop a linear regression model for converting sensor In this paper, we introduced an IoT-based system
output voltage to gas concentration. designed for indoor air quality monitoring, employing
low-cost gas sensors in conjunction with a GSM module
B. System Architecture and IR sensor. Our experiments demonstrated the system's
Our proposed system architecture is shown in Figure capability to precisely measure concentrations of ammonia
4. The system consists of one gas sensor, an Arduino Uno gases while effectively detecting fluctuations in gas
mi- crocontroller, and a GSM module. The Arduino Uno concentration levels over time. This system holds promise
microcontroller is responsible for reading the sensor data for delivering real-time monitoring of indoor air quality, a
and transmitting it to the GSM module and other vital aspect for safeguarding the health and well-being of
Actuators. occupants within indoor environments.

REFERENCES

1. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, Hardik R. Patel, and Ankur

A. Patel, "Development of Smart
Toilet with Air Quality Monitoring System",
International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT),2019.

Fig. 4. Proposed System Architecture 2. A. Lekshmi and S. Balamurugan , "Smart Toilet

System with Ammonia Gas Detection" ,
C. Features of the Proposed System International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research (IJSER),2018.
Our proposed system is designed to continuously
monitor the air quality inside a toilet and maintain a 3. S. P. Hiremath and M. R. Patil , "Smart Toilet for
comfortable and healthy environment for the users. Health Monitoring using IoT" , International
The system includes several features that work Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
together to achieve this goal: Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET),2018.

 Wireless Control of Exhaust Fan: The system utilizes 4. S. Aggarwal, M. Mittal, A. Bhatia , "Ammonia
data from IR sensors positioned strategically inside the Detection and Alerting System for Smart Toilet
toilet to detect human presence. Based on the presence Using IoT" , International Journal of Innovative
of individuals, it wirelessly controls the exhaust fan to Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE),
maintain a comfortable and healthy environment inside 2018.
the toilet. This approach is efficient and ensures
minimal energy consumption.
 Alerts via GSM Module: Using an IR sensor, the
system detects human presence and analyzes air
quality data collected from the sensor. If the pollution
level exceeds a certain threshold and the exhaust fan
fails to maintain a healthy environment, an alert is sent
via the GSM module to the designated cleaning person
or authority.
 Manual Cleaning Request via SMS: In the event of
poor air quality and malfunction of the exhaust fan, the
system automatically sends an SMS notification to the