Module 6 - Prepositions 2

MODULE 6.
PREPOSITIONS - GIỚI TỪ
I. Introductions: Learners of English usually find it hard to remember and confidently use prepositions as
they have two main following problems to solve when dealing with prepositions:
whether in any construction a preposition is required or not
which preposition to use when one is required
Students often have trouble because a certain construction in their mother tongue requires a preposition,
whereas a similar one in English does not.
In English, prepositions are words normally placed before nouns or pronouns or gerunds, and are used to
form adverbial phrases of time, place, reason, result, concession, condition, etc.
Người học tiếng Anh thường gặp khó khan để ghi nhớ và sử dụng thành thạo các giới từ trong tiếng Anh vì
họ thường xuyên phải phân vân;
ở trường hợp nào thì một giới từ được đòi hỏi,
trong một trường hợp cần giới từ thì ta phải dùng giới từ cụ thể nào.
Người học gặp rắc rối khi dùng giới từ cũng là bởi có sự khác biệt giữa ngôn ngữ bản xứ của họ với tiếng
Anh trong các trường hợp sử dụng giới từ.
Trong tiếng Anh, giới từ là những từ đi trước các danh từ, đại từ, danh động từ, và dùng để cấu tạo các cụm
trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, nguyên nhân,kết quả, sự nhượng bộ, điều kiện,…
Trên thực tế, trong tiếng Anh, chức năng của các giới từ thay đổi phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh của lời nói, một
giới từ sẽ có nhiều nghĩa khác nhau, chức năng khác nhau khi được đặt trong các cụm từ khác nhau. Trong
cuốn tài liệu này giới từ chỉ được giới thiệu với mục đích ôn tập cho kì thi THPT Quốc Gia.
The use of some prepositions: Cách sử dụng của một số giới từ

Prepositions of time: Giới từ chỉ thời gian
at: dùng cho các thời điểm trong ngày, một kì nghỉ
e.g. at five at eleven at night
at noon at Christmas at dawn
in/ during/ for: dùng cho khoảng thời gian
e.g. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening during the 19th century
for ten days
on: dùng cho các ngày, thứ
e.g. on Sunday on Monday night
* by/ before/ after/ since/ until: dùng như sau e.g. by this time tomorrow
before 9.00 after work since dawn until lunch-time
Prepositions of place and movement: Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn và sự vận động
* in: dùng cho các địa điểm
e.g. The radio is in the living-room. He lives in the center of the city.
on: dùng để chỉ ở trên bề mặt
e.g. The toys are on the floor. The map is on the wall.
at: dùng để chỉ ở gần hay hiện diện ở đâu đó
e.g. She is at the station now. Lan is at the hairdresser’s.
into: dùng cho sự hướng vào trong
e.g. He went into the living-room. He walked into the theatre.
onto: dùng cho sự hướng lên trên bề mặt e.g. The cat jumped onto the table.
out of: dùng cho sự hướng ra ngoài
e.g. The man jumped out of the car.
off: dùng chỉ sự hướng ra ngoài
e.g. He knocked the glass off the table
above/ over: dùng chỉ sự hướng lên trên
e.g. The ceiling is above our heads.
The helicopter was flying over the buildings.
below/ under: dùng chỉ sự hướng xuống dưới e.g. Do the tasks below the passage.
She hid her hat under the table.
through: qua, suốt, xuyên suốt
e.g. Through the investigation, the police came to a conclusion.
We kept in touch through time.
along: dọc theo
e.g. The lovers walked along the river.
They went along the street to find my flat.
* beside/ by/ next to/ near: gần
e.g. He sat beside the dustbin. They live next to the store.
She sat by the window. Ha lived near the church.
* between: giữa
e.g. The T.V set was between the table and the bed.
* opposite: đối diện
e.g. Lan’s house is opposite the bank.
The bank is opposite the bookstore.
in front of: đằng trước của

e.g. The theatre was in front of the bank.
The stadium is in front of the bookstore.
* to/ towards: hướng về phía
e.g. To the left of the house, there’s a well.
To the right of the house, there’s a garage.
We walked towards the end of the road.
Prepositions that go with verbs, nouns, and adjectives: Giới từ đi với động từ, danh từ, tính từ. Phần
kiến thức này sẽ được trình bày kĩ ở bài Gerunds (danh động từ).
* Verbs – prepositions: Giới từ đi với động từ
e.g. He looked at his nephew. She talked to a stranger. He insisted on going out.
* Nouns – prepositions: Giới từ đi với danh từ
e.g. He put a lot into his bank account.
She had a choice of studying abroad.
He had difficulty in persuading his fiancé.
Adjectives – prepositions: Giới từ đi với tính từ
e.g. He was surprised at what I said to him.
She was afraid of talking with a stranger.
He was keen on playing video games.
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the gaps.
1. We give each other presents___________ Christmas.
2.Don’t sit___________ the floor.
3. I’m going away___________ the end of January.
4. I met Tom___________ the street yesterday.
5. They sent me a cheque___________ $ 50.
6. There has been some decrease___________ military spending this year.
7. Nobody knows what the cause___________ the explosion was.
8. Do you think we’ll find a solution___________ this problem?
9. Have you ever read any books___________ Mark Twain?
10. It’s unreasonable___________ you to expect her to love you at first sight.
11. They were furious___________ me___________ not inviting them to the party.
12. Were you disappointed___________ your examination results?
13. Everybody was shocked___________ the news.
14. She is scared___________ going out alone.
15. I’m not ashamed___________ what I did.
1. My sister won’t have dinner___________ 11.30 p.m.
2. She is engaged___________ an American.
3. Who was responsible___________ all the noise last night?
4. Your writing is similar___________ mine.
5. Ann wasn’t keen___________ going out in the rain.
6. The city centre was crowded___________ tourists.
7. I always try my best to get along___________ other officers.
8. Why don’t you apply___________ a position in that company?
9. He is very selfish. He doesn’t care___________ other people.
10. Don’t look out of the window. Concentrate___________ your work!
11. He lost control of the car and crashed___________ a wall.
12. He was the sort of person that you could depend___________.
13. Did you hear___________ the fight in the club on Saturday night?
14. She’s very old. She needs someone to look___________ her.
15. He often dreams___________ travelling to America.
1. I didn’t have enough money to pay___________ the meal.
2. He has suffered___________ lung cancer for ages.
3. He shouted___________ from the other side of the street.
4. The police are searching___________ the escaped prisoner.
5. That’s a good idea. Why didn’t I think___________ that?
6. How much did you have to pay___________ the meal?
7. Do you always go___________ school____________ foot?
8. My office is next___________ newsagent so I buy magazines almost every day.
9. Children don’t want to be__________ door, they want to stay in to watch T.V.
10. ___________ no doubt, whales are the biggest mammal on Earth.
11. The firefighters have been____________ strike for more than three days.
12. When I saw him, I was___________ a group of friends___________ the corner of the club.
13. I have got an appointment___________ the optician’s.
14. In the end, they fell____________ love and lived happily ever after.
15. During the show, a crazy fan jumped_____________ the stage and kissed the singer.
1. Many people are not interested____________ reading books as much as seeing films.
2. We spend more time watching TV than reading books. But____________ fact, TV has not kill reading.
3. Books are a wonderful source ____________ knowledge and pleasure.
4. Although he hadn't spoken French for many years, he picked it___________ again after a few weeks.
5. ____________ the start of each period, both teams line up on their own goal line.
6. Helen is very excited___________ going to work in Germany.
7. A water polo ball is constructed of waterproof material to allow it to float_______ the water.
8. There are six field player positions and a goalkeeper____________ each team.
9. Pay more attention___________ picture and you can find out who is the robber.
10. She looked___________ me, smiling happily and confidently.
11. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species___________extinction.
12. They said that the blue cheese was very tasty, but the smell put me___________.
13. Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized
___________ a serious threat____________ extinction.
14. _____________ entering the hall, he found everyone waiting for him.
15. Once you have started something, you ought to see it__________ to the end.
16. Which subject is this book ____________?
17. We are______________ no obligation to change goods which were not purchased here.
18. He fell in love with the girl ___________ white overthere.
19. Francis Bacon lived____________ about the same time as Shakespeare.
20. Nothing_____________ the ordinary ever happens here.

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MODULE 6.

The use of some prepositions: Cách sử dụng của một số giới từ

in front of: đằng trước của

BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

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