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    DE Tut1

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    Gorle Kapila

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DE Tut1

    Uploaded by

    Gorle Kapila
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    DE tut1

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    DE Tut1

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    of 2

    INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INDORE

    MA 106 Linear Algebra and Ordinary Differential Equations-I


    Assignment − DE 1

    1. State the order, and determine whether the equation under consideration is linear or
    nonlinear.
    dy
    (a) + x2 y = xex .
    dx
     4 2  2 5
    d y d y
    (b) + 3 + 5y = 0.
    dx4 dx2
    d2 y
    (c) + y sin x = 0.
    dx2
    d6 y
     4  3 
    d y d y
    (d) 6
    + 4
    + x = t.
    dt dt dt3

    2. Show that every function f defined by f (x) = (x3 + c)e−3x where c is an arbitrary
    constant, is a solution of the differential equation
    dy
    + 3 = 32 e−3x .
    dx

    3. For certain values of the constant n the function g defined by g(x) = xn is a solution of
    the differential equation

    d3 y 2
    2d y dy
    x3 3
    + 2x 2
    − 10x − 8y = 0.
    dx dx dx
    Determine all such values of n.

    Answer: n = −1, −2, 4.


    dy
    4. Consider the differential equations = αy, x > 0, where α is a constant. Show that
    dx
    (a) if f (x) is any solution and g(x) = f (x)e−αx , then g(x) is a constant function.
    (b) if α < 0, then every solution tends to zero as x → ∞.

    5. Every solution of the differential equation

    d2 y
    +y =0
    dx2
    may be written in the form y = c1 sin x + c2 cos x, for some choice of the arbitrary
    constants c1 and c2 . Using this information, show that boundary problems (6a) and
    (6b) possess solutions but that (6c) does not.
    d2 y
    (a) + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y( π2 ) = 1.
    dx2
    2

    d2 y
    (b) + y = 0, y(0) = 1, y 0 ( π2 ) = −1.
    dx2
    d2 y
    (c) + y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(π) = 1.
    dx2
    6. Determine which of the following equations are exact, and solve the ones that are.
     
    (a) x + y2 dy + ydx = 0.
    (b) (y − x3 )dx + (x + y 3 )dy = 0.
    (c) (y + y cos(xy))dx + (x + x cos(xy))dy = 0.
    (d) (1 + y)dx + (1 − x)dy = 0.
    (e) (sin x tan y + 1)dx + cos x sec2 ydy = 0.
    Answer: (6a) xy + ln y 2 = c, (6b) 4xy − x4 + y 4 = c (6c) xy + sin xy = c, (6d) Not exact,
    (6e) Not exact.
    7. In each of the following equations determine the most general function N (x, y) such
    that the equation is exact:
    (a) (x3 + xy 2 )dx + N (x, y)dy = 0.
    (b) (x−2 y −2 + xy −3 )dx + N (x, y)dy = 0.
    Answer: (a) x2 y + c, (b) 2x−1 y −3 − 32 x2 y −4 + c.
    8. Consider the differential equation
    (4x + 3y 2 )dx + 2xydy = 0.
    (a) Show that this equation is not exact.
    (b) Find an integrating factor of the form xn , where n is a positive integer.
    (c) Multiply the given equation through by the integrating factor and solve the result-
    ing exact equation.
    Answer: (b) x2 , (c) x4 + x3 y 2 = c.
    9. Solve the following differential equations for which the type of integrating factor has
    been indicated:
    (a) (x − y 2 )dx + 2xydy = 0 [u(x)].
    (b) ydx + x(1 − 3x2 y 2 )dy = 0 [u(xy)].
    −2 y −2
    Answer: (a) x−2 , y 2 + x ln x = cx, (b) (xy)−3 , y 6 = ce−x .
    10. Solve y 2 dx + (3xy − 1)dy = 0.
    dy
    11. Solve = |x|.
    dx
    12. Find an integrating factor of the form µ(x2 + y 2 ) of the equation
    dy
    (x + x4 + 2x2 y 2 + y 4 ) + y = 0.
    dx

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