Deconstructivism is a postmodern

architectural movement which appeared in the 1980s. It gives the impression of the
Architect Notable Buildings Architectural
Features of Each
Building
Philosophies

Alvar Aalto 1. Villa Mairea<br> 1. Integration with Humanistic

fragmentation of the constructed building, commonly characterised by an absence of 2. Finlandia Hall<br> nature, organic approach to
obvious harmony, continuity, or symmetry. 3. Paimio forms<br> modernism,
 Deconstructivism emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s in art, architecture, and Sanatorium<br> 2. Wavy roof, harmony with
philosophy. 4. Baker House<br> abstract forms<br> nature.
 The style features angular, distorted forms and conflicting geometries, drawing from 5. Helsinki University 3. Functionalism,
French philosopher Jacques Derrida’s ideas. of Technology natural
 Notable architects in this movement include Coop Himmelb(l)au, Zaha Hadid, and Frank lighting<br>
Gehry, among others. 4. Wavy façade,
river views<br>
 Two key 1988 events popularized Deconstructivism: an exhibition at the Museum of
5. Red brick,
Modern Art in New York and a conference at the Tate Gallery in London. functional layout
 The New York exhibition showcased avant-garde architectural forms, while the London Oscar 1. Brasília (several 1. Futuristic Curves and free
conference emphasized Derridian philosophy. Niemeyer buildings)<br> columns, curving forms; sculptural
 Deconstruction in philosophy critiques paradoxes in Western metaphysics but is not 2. Niterói structures<br> modernism with a
intended to be nihilistic. Contemporary Art 2. Saucer-like focus on aesthetics.
 Architect Bernard Tschumi’s design for Parc de la Vilette in Paris in 1983 exemplified Museum<br> structure,
architectural deconstruction by using a nonhierarchical layout. 3. Cathedral of panoramic
 Derrida’s collaboration with Peter Eisenman at Parc de la Vilette further tied his Brasília<br> views<br>
philosophical concepts to architectural design. 4. Edifício Copan<br> 3. Hyperboloid
5. Oscar Niemeyer structure, stained
 The term "Deconstructivism" has waned in architectural literature but remains
Museum glass roof<br>
influential in practice, as seen in popular works like Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum 4. Wavy façade,
in Bilbao. large-scale
 Deconstructivism challenges traditional architectural forms but still aligns with residential<br>
modernist trajectories despite its philosophical roots. 5. Eye-shaped
structure, reflective
pool
Louis Kahn 1. Salk Institute<br> 1. Precise Monumental
Architect Notable Philosophies/Approach Architectural 2. Kimbell Art alignment, open architecture;
Works Features Museum<br> courtyards<br> integration of light
Frank Gehry Guggenheim Emphasizes organic forms Curvilinear forms, 3. National Assembly 2. Vaulted ceilings, and form.
Museum, and materiality, challenging titanium cladding, Building, natural light<br>
Bilbao traditional architectural organic and fluid Bangladesh<br> 3. Massive
aesthetics and structural shapes. 4. Yale University Art geometric
forms. Gallery<br> forms<br>
Zaha Hadid MAXXI Fluid, dynamic forms that Interweaving 5. Phillips Exeter 4. Tetrahedral
Museum, evoke motion and speed; pathways, fluid Academy Library ceiling, modular
Rome explores the interface spaces, absence of spaces<br>
between architecture, conventional 5. Circular
landscape, and geology. geometry. staircases, natural
Rem Koolhaas CCTV Focuses on the "culture of Looping shape, light
Headquarters, congestion" and the structural Tadao Ando 1. Church of the 1. Simple concrete Minimalist
Beijing complex interplay of spaces, expressionism, Light<br> walls, cross in aesthetics; concrete
often using a collage skin-and-bones 2. Benesse House<br> wall<br> constructions
technique in design. aesthetics. 3. Chichu Art 2. Integration with focusing on
Daniel Jewish Architectural forms that Zigzagging plan, Museum<br> nature, minimalist simplicity and
Libeskind Museum, evoke cultural narratives intersecting axes, 4. Water Temple<br> design<br> nature.
Berlin and memories, often angular fragmented 5. 21_21 Design Sight 3. Art with natural
and intersecting. geometry. light, subterranean
Peter Wexner Center Interested in the layers of Collage of design<br>
Eisenman for the Arts, historical contexts and the architectural 4. Reflecting pool,
Ohio State processes of making styles, grid and concrete lotus<br>
University architecture visible in the scaffold features, 5. Steel roof,
final form. abstract forms. minimalist
Bernard Parc de la Deconstructs the Grid of points, aesthetics
Tschumi Villette, Paris conventional relationships follies, red Richard 1. Centre Pompidou 1. Exposed Inside-out
between space and function; architectural Rogers (with Renzo structural system, architecture; visible
explores the concept of form forms scattered Piano)<br> colorful services and
follows function in new randomly. 2. Lloyd’s features<br> structural honesty.
ways. Building<br> 2. Services on the
Coop BMW Welt, Designs that challenge Dynamic, 3. Millennium exterior, high-
Himmelb(l)au Munich gravity and conventional sweeping forms, Dome<br> tech<br>
forms, emphasizing usage of glass and 4. Madrid-Barajas 3. Tensile structure,
dynamism and architectural steel, open and Airport Terminal large scale<br>
fluidity. fluid interiors. 4<br> 4. Bamboo-
Morphosis San Francisco Focuses on connectivity Perforated metal 5. Leadenhall Building inspired supports,
(Thom Federal within the urban context; skin, slender natural light<br>
Mayne) Building designs often incorporate tower, emphasis 5. Diagrid façade,
sustainable technologies and on natural glass aplenty
adaptive responses to the ventilation. Rafael Moneo 1. Kursaal Palace<br> 1. Cubic forms, Contextualism;
environment. 2. Murcia Town translucent blending new
Behnisch and Norddeutsche Emphasizes transparency Glass façade, Hall<br> walls<br> constructions with
Partners Landesbank, and light, often integrating transparency, fluid 3. Los Angeles 2. Classical historical settings.
Hanover ecological and sustainable and dynamic Cathedral<br> influences, robust
design principles into interior spaces. 4. Museum of Roman materials<br>
modernist aesthetics. Art<br> 3. Minimalist
5. Atocha Railway design, angular
Station expansion forms<br>
4. Brick arches,
historical
resonance<br>
5. Canopy roof,
botanical garden
Fumihiko 1. Tokyo Metropolitan 1. Sweeping metal Metabolism and
Maki Gymnasium<br> roof, curved modernism;
2. Hillside Terrace<br> forms<br> emphasis on light
3. Spiral Building<br> 2. Mixed-use and transparency.
4. 4 World Trade complex, staggered
Center<br> design<br>
5. Aga Khan Museum 3. Glass façade,
helical motifs<br>

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 4. Minimalist glass
tower, restrained Frank Lloyd 1. Fallingwater<br> 1. Cantilevered terraces, Organic
design<br> Wright 2. Guggenheim integration with architecture;
5. Angular Museum, NY<br> landscape<br> integration of
geometry, light- 3. Robie House<br> 2. Spiral ramp, organic human
filled courtyard 4. Taliesin West<br> forms<br> habitation with
Thom Mayne 1. Caltrans District 7 1. Dynamic façade, Iconoclastic 5. Johnson Wax 3. Horizontal lines, large the
(Morphosis) HQ<br> kinetic skin<br> designs; integration Headquarters overhangs<br> environment.
2. San Francisco 2. Perforated skin, of technology and 4. Use of local materials,
Federal Building<br> natural urban environment. desert aesthetic<br>
3. Emerson College ventilation<br> 5. Great workroom with
Los Angeles<br> 3. Bold form, dendriform columns
4. Phare Tower<br> media screens<br> Le Corbusier 1. Villa Savoye<br> 1. Pilotis, flat roof terrace, Machine for
5. Bill & Melinda 4. Asymmetrical 2. Notre Dame du open floor plan<br> living; form
Gates Hall tower, green Haut<br> 2. Curved masonry walls, follows
technology<br> 3. Unité irregular windows<br> function in a
5. Angular form, d'Habitation<br> 3. Brutalist style, modular modernist
cutting-edge 4. Chandigarh housing units<br> context.
facilities Capitol 4. Open hand monument,
Peter 1. Therme Vals<br> 1. Stone layers, Atmospheric Complex<br> raw concrete<br>
Zumthor 2. Kunsthaus thermal baths<br> architecture; 5. Carpenter Center 5. Only building in North
Bregenz<br> 2. Glass cubes, creating emotional for the Visual Arts America, ramp and
3. Kolumba light effects<br> experiences through workshop spaces
Museum<br> 3. Aged walls, materials and space. Zaha Hadid 1. MAXXI 1. Fluid form, linear Parametricism;
4. Bruder Klaus Field serene spaces<br> Museum<br> concrete walls<br> fluidity,
Chapel<br> 4. Concrete tower, 2. Heydar Aliyev 2. Curvilinear skin, fluid complexity, and
5. Allmannajuvet Zinc sensory Center<br> geometry<br> powerful
Mine Museum minimalism<br> 3. Guangzhou Opera 3. Twin boulder design, curvilinear
5. Rustic materials, House<br> glass-clad steel<br> shapes.
integrated into 4. London Aquatics 4. Wave-like roof, fluid
nature Centre<br> dynamics<br>
Moshe Safdie 1. Habitat 67<br> 1. Modular Building as a social 5. BMW Central 5. Conveyer belt, dynamic
2. Marina Bay concrete units, activator; Building interiors
Sands<br> communal integration of Norman 1. The Gherkin<br> 1. Energy-efficient High-tech
3. Jewel Changi terraces<br> building with Foster 2. Millennium design, diagrid architecture;
Airport<br> 2. Sky park, cultural context. Bridge<br> structure<br> functionality,
4. Yad Vashem interconnected 3. Hearst Tower<br> 2. Steel suspension, sustainability,
Holocaust History towers<br> 4. Berlin minimalist aesthetic<br> and
Museum<br> 3. Indoor waterfall, Reichstag<br> 3. Triangular framing, technological
5. Khalsa Heritage lush gardens<br> 5. Apple Park diagrid façade<br> integration.
Memorial Complex 4. Prismatic 4. Glass dome, energy
geometry, concepts<br>
contextual 5. Circular design, green
narratives<br> technology
5. Reflective pools, Renzo Piano 1. Centre Georges 1. Exposed skeleton, Building as part
bold forms Pompidou<br> colorful tubes<br> of an urban
2. The Shard<br> 2. Glass façade, shard-like context;
3. Whitney Museum shape<br> transparency
of American Art<br> 3. Asymmetric windows, and light.
4. Jean-Marie cantilevered
Tjibaou Cultural entrances<br>
Centre<br> 4. Traditional Kanak huts,
5. Stavros Niarchos vertical ventilation<br>
Foundation Cultural 5. Green roof, glass walls,
Center floating illusion
Santiago 1. City of Arts and 1. Futuristic design, white Integration of
Calatrava Sciences<br> concrete<br> structure and
2. Milwaukee Art 2. Movable sunscreen, form; sculptural
Museum<br> wing-like structure<br> and dynamic
3. Turning 3. Twisting tower, architecture.
Torso<br> sculptural form<br>
4. Oculus WTC 4. Ribbed structure, bird-
Transportation like appearance<br>
Hub<br> 5. Cable-stayed design,
5. Chords Bridge harp-like feature
I.M. Pei 1. Louvre 1. Glass and metal Geometry and
Pyramid<br> pyramid, minimalist<br> form; synthesis
2. Bank of China 2. Diagrid structure, of traditional
Tower<br> prism-like facets<br> design elements
3. East Building, 3. Sharp angles, with modern
National Gallery of geometric purity<br> solutions.
Art<br> 4. Suspended structures,
4. Miho integration with
Museum<br> nature<br>
5. Museum of 5. Cream-colored
Islamic Art limestone, geometric
simplicity
Ludwig Mies 1. Barcelona 1. Open plan, luxurious Less is more;
van der Rohe Pavilion<br> materials<br> extreme clarity
2. Seagram 2. Glass and steel façade, and simplicity
Building<br> elevated plaza<br> through
3. Farnsworth 3. Steel and glass structural
House<br>4. Neue minimalism, open minimalism.
Nationalgalerie<br> vistas<br>
5. 860-880 Lake 4. Clear floor space,
Shore Drive gallery level below
ground<br>
5. Glass and steel high-
rise, minimalistic
aesthetic
Jean Nouvel 1. Institut du Monde 1. Exposed mechanical Contextual
Arabe<br> elements, photo-sensitive architecture;
2. Torre Agbar<br> façade<br> deep integration
3. Louvre Abu 2. Bullet-shaped, colorful of culture,
Dhabi<br> façade<br> technology, and
4. Philharmonie de 3. Dome structure, "rain environment.

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 Paris<br> of light"<br>
5. One Central Park 4. Organic forms, vast
covering<br>
5. Vertical gardens,
integrated nature
Bjarke Ingels 1. 8 House<br> 1. Sloped roofs, combined Sustainable and
2. VIA 57 West<br> residential types<br> playful;
3. Copenhill<br> 2. Tetrahedron shape, architecture that
4. The Twist courtyard design<br> focuses on
Museum<br> 3. Waste-to-energy plant, social and
5. Mountain ski slope on roof<br> environmental
Dwellings 4. Twisting form, dimensions.
sculptural bridge<br>
5. Terraced housing,
overlying green roofs

Figure 5 salk institute, louis kahn

Figure 1. villa Mairea, alvar alto

Figure 6 Kimbell Art Museum louis kahn

Figure 2 helsinki university, alvar alto

Figure 7 21_21 design sight, tadao ando

Figure 3 Cathedral of Brasília, Oscar Niemeyer

Figure 8 Chichu Art Museum, tadao ando

Figure 4 Oscar Niemeyer Museum
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Figure 9 Lloyd’s Building, richard rogers Figure 13 Whitney Museum of American, renzo piano

Figure 14 Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, renzo piano

Figure 10 notre dame du haut, le Corbusier

Figure 11 BMW Central Building, zaha Hadid

Figure 12 Berlin Reichstag, norman foster

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 Hadid's architectural language often responded to the surrounding context, creating
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE dynamic relationships between her buildings and their environments.

ALVAR AALTO: Humanism: Aalto believed in designing spaces that prioritize the DANIEL LIBESKIND1. Jewish Museum Berlin 2. Imperial War Museum North 3.
wellbeing and comfort of the people who use them. Organic Architecture: He Royal Ontario Museum Michael Lee-Chin Crystal 4. One World Trade Center 5.
embraced natural forms and materials, integrating them harmoniously with the Museum of Contemporary Art, Denver 6. Felix Nussbaum Haus  7. Denver Art
surrounding environment Functionality: Aalto emphasized the practical aspects of Museum Hamilton Buildin 8. CityLife Shopping District, Milan 9. Złota 44, Warsaw
design, ensuring that his buildings were efficient and served the needs of their 10. Westside Shopping and Leisure Centre
occupants. Regionalism: He respected and incorporated elements of local culture and
traditions into his designs, creating buildings that resonate with their context. BERNARD TSCHUMI  Bernard Tschumi is known for his deconstructivist
Gesamtkunstwerk: Aalto aimed for a total work of art, considering not just the approach, challenging conventional architectural norms. His style emphasizes
building itself but also its interior, furniture, and landscaping as integral parts of the disjunction and juxtaposition, often incorporating fragmented forms, open spaces, and
design. non-linear paths. Tschumi's architecture explores the relationship between space and
event, where spaces are designed to provoke specific experiences and interactions. He
example 1 Grid La1. Finlandia Hall, Helsinki, Finland `2. Villa Mairea, Noormarkku, prioritizes conceptual ideas over formal aesthetics, embracing complexity and
Finland 3. Paimio Sanatorium, Paimio, Finland  4. Savoy Restaurant, Helsinki, contradiction. Through his work, Tschumi aims to stimulate thought and engage users
Finland 5. Aalto House, Helsinki, Finland  6. Vyborg Library, Vyborg, Russia 7. in dynamic experiences, blurring the boundaries between architecture, art, and theory.
Baker House, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA  8. Essen His designs often reflect a rigorous exploration of movement, programmatic
Opera House, Essen, Germany 9. Säynätsalo Town Hall, Säynätsalo, 10. Rautatalo organization, and the intersection of architecture with social and cultural contexts.
Office Building, Helsinki

Key Architectural Features:  Curved Forms: Aalto often utilized organic curves in his
designs, which softened the overall appearance of his buildings and created a sense of
fluidity.  Use of Natural Materials: He favored materials such as wood, brick, and
natural stone, which added warmth and texture to his architecture.  Light and Space:
Aalto was skilled at manipulating natural light and creating dynamic spatial
experiences within his buildings, often through the use of skylights, windows, and
open-plan layouts.  Integration with Nature: His designs often featured extensive use
of glass to connect interior spaces with the surrounding landscape, blurring the
boundaries between inside and outside.

PETER EISENMAN: Philosophy Experimental Use of Technology: He was

innovative in his use of new construction techniques and materials, constantly pushing
the boundaries of architectural innovation while maintaining a human-centered
approach. Eisenman's philosophy is deeply rooted in deconstructionism, a theory that
challenges traditional notions of architectural form and structure. He is influenced by
the works of Jacques Derrida, a French philosopher known for deconstructing
traditional philosophical concepts. Eisenman's approach to architecture often involves
breaking down traditional architectural elements and reassembling them in new and
unexpected ways. He seeks to provoke thought and challenge preconceived notions
about space, form, and function.

1. Wexner Center for the Arts 2. City of Culture of Galicia 3. Memorial to the
Murdered Jews of Europe 4. Aronoff Center for Design and Art 5. Max Reinhardt
Haus 6. House VI 7. The Greater Columbus Convention Center 8. The University of
Phoenix Stadium 9. Nunotani Building 10. Cannaregio project

Attention to Detail: Aalto paid meticulous attention to every aspect of his designs,
from the overall form down to the smallest details of fixtures and furnishings.

1. **Deconstructivism**: Eisenman is known for challenging traditional architectural

forms, often employing fragmented, non-linear designs that disrupt conventional
spatial organization.

2. **Grid Systems**: His designs frequently incorporate grid-like structures, where

the grid acts as a foundational framework guiding the arrangement of elements, yet
often distorted or manipulated to create complexity.

3. **Theoretical Approach**: Eisenman's work is deeply rooted in architectural

theory, often exploring concepts such as phenomenology and deconstruction, leading
to designs that provoke thought and discussion.

4. **Fragmentation**: He embraces fragmentation as a design principle, breaking

down traditional architectural elements into smaller components to create a sense of
disjunction and tension within the built environment.

5. **Conceptual Rigor**: Eisenman's projects are characterized by a rigorous

conceptual approach, where the underlying ideas and theoretical frameworks play a
central role in shaping the final form and spatial experience.

6. **Interactivity**: Some of his designs encourage user interaction and interpretation,

inviting occupants to engage with the space in unconventional ways, blurring the
boundaries between architecture and art.

ZAHA HADID 1. Heydar Aliyev Center (Baku, Azerbaijan) 2. MAXXI - National

Museum of the 21st Century Arts (Rome, Italy) 3. Guangzhou Opera House
(Guangzhou, China) 4. London Aquatics Centre (London, UK)  5. Phaeno Science
Center (Wolfsburg, Germany) 6. Sheikh Zayed Bridge (Abu Dhabi, UAE)  7.
Riverside Museum (Glasgow, UK) 8. The Broad Art Museum (East Lansing,
Michigan, USA)  9. Dongdaemun Design Plaza (Seoul, South Korea) 10. Jockey
Club Innovation Tower (Hong Kong, China)

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE characterized by fluid forms, organic shapes, and

innovative use of technology. In the early 2000s, her style continued to evolve,
embodying a dynamic fusion of art, architecture, and engineering. Hadid's designs
often featured sweeping curves, sharp angles, and complex geometries that challenged
traditional notions of space and structure. She embraced parametric design techniques,
utilizing computer software to generate intricate shapes and patterns, resulting in
buildings that appeared both futuristic and sculptural. Her projects exhibited a sense of
movement and fluidity, blurring the boundaries between interior and exterior spaces.

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