HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

Thesis Report

Submitted by:
ADITYA KUMAR SINGH
SPA/NS/HSG/675
Master of Planning (Housing)

Guided by:
Prof. Dr P.S.N Rao

Department of Housing
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi
An “Institution of National Importance” Under an Act of Parliament
(Ministry of Education, Govt. of India)
January 2023- June 2023
 DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING
SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, NEW DELHI
An “Institution of National Importance” Under an Act of Parliament (Ministry of Education, Govt. of
India)

Certificate
This is to certify that this thesis report titled “Housing for Pilgrims in Ayodhya” has been
submitted by Mr Aditya Kumar Singh (SPA/NS/HSG/675), in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the Post Graduate degree Master of Planning (with
specialization in Housing) to the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi.

RECOMMENDED BY ACCEPTED BY

____________________ ______________________________

Prof. Dr P.S.N Rao Associate Prof. Dr Ruchita Gupta

Thesis Guide Head ofofthe

Department Department
Housing

Department of Housing HeadDepartment of Housing

of the Department

School of Planning and Architecture, School

School of Planning
of Planning andand
Architecture,

New Delhi-110002 New Delhi-110002

Place: New Delhi

Date:
 DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING
SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE, NEW DELHI
An “Institution of National Importance” Under an Act of Parliament (Ministry of Education, Govt. of
India)

DECLARATION
I, Aditya Kumar Singh (SPA/NS/HSG/675), hereby declare that this thesis titled ‘Housing
for Pilgrims in Ayodhya’ submitted by me, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the degree Master of Planning (with specialization in Housing), by the School of
Planning and Architecture, New Delhi is a record of my work. The matter embodied in this
thesis is original and has not been copied, either in part or in full, or submitted to any other
institution for the award of any degree or diploma. Wherever data, in full or in part, has been
borrowed for this thesis, the Author/s of the same has been duly acknowledged.

I, Aditya Kumar Singh, take full responsibility for the material embodied in this report and
hereby undertake to indemnify the Faculty of Department of Housing, School of Planning and
Architecture, New Delhi, in case of copyright or any other disputes that may rise at any time
whatsoever.

Place: New Delhi

Date:
_____________________________

Aditya Kumar Singh

SPA/NS/HSG/675

Department of Housing

School of Planning and Architecture,

New Delhi, India- 110002
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I owe colossally to my thesis guide Prof. Dr P.S.N. Rao, for his diligent guidance, support,
inspiration, and trust in my capabilities throughout my research and working period. He
continuously encouraged me to nurture ideas and made my thesis successful. I would also
like to thank, Associate Prof. Dr Ruchita Gupta, Shri. Vinod Sakle, Asst. Prof. Harshita
Deo, Asst. Prof. Rashi Gupta and Ms Chitra Jain for supervising and providing me with
great insights during the reviews. I take this opportunity to thank all the professionals and
academicians whom I consulted for my thesis. I am highly obliged to Mr. Suresh Kumar,
UPAVP (Uttar Pradesh Avas Evam Vikas Parishad Adhiniyam) and Mr Khurki, for sparing
time from their busy schedule to assist me in my research work. I thank my seniors and
friends for their continuous support and brainstorming sessions. I thank my parents and
sister for extending me moral support and encouragement. I am grateful to my family for
always believing in me and inspiring me to move ahead in life.

Place: New Delhi

Date:
_____________________________

Aditya Kumar Singh

SPA/NS/HSG/675
Department of Housing
School of Planning and Architecture,
New Delhi, India- 110002
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The thesis on housing for pilgrims in Ayodhya addresses the need for improved
accommodation facilities in the city. Ayodhya holds immense religious significance
as the birthplace of Lord Rama, attracting millions of pilgrims each year. However,
the existing housing options often fall short of meeting the diverse needs of the
pilgrims, leading to discomfort and inconvenience during their stay.

The thesis explores the current state of accommodation facilities in Ayodhya and
identifies the challenges pilgrims and local authorities face. It also examines case
studies and best practices from other pilgrimage destinations to derive
recommendations for enhancing housing options in Ayodhya.

The key findings and recommendations include the importance of providing diverse
accommodation choices, ensuring accessibility and inclusivity, involving the local
community, promoting sustainability, integrating technology, and prioritizing safety
and security measures.

By implementing these recommendations, Ayodhya can significantly improve the

housing facilities for pilgrims, offering them a more enriching and fulfilling spiritual
journey. It will contribute to the overall pilgrim experience, ensuring comfort,
accessibility, and satisfaction during their stay in Ayodhya.

The thesis emphasizes the need for collaboration among local authorities,
policymakers, and stakeholders to implement these recommendations and
continually monitor and evaluate the housing facilities. By prioritizing the needs of
pilgrims and ensuring their comfort and convenience, Ayodhya can strengthen its
position as a leading pilgrimage destination, providing a spiritually fulfilling
experience for devotees from around the world.
 साराांश

अयोध्या में तीर्थयात्रियों के लिए आवास पर र्ीलसस शहर में बेहतर आवास सुत्रवधाओां की
आवश्यकता को सांबोलधत करती है । अयोध्या भगवान राम की जन्मभूलम के रूप में अत्यलधक
धालमथक महत्व रखती है , जो हर साि िाखों तीर्थयात्रियों को आकत्रषथत करती है । हािाांकक,
मौजूदा आवास त्रवकल्प अक्सर तीर्थयात्रियों की त्रवत्रवध आवश्यकताओां को पूरा करने में कम
पड़ जाते हैं , जजससे उनके ठहरने के दौरान असुत्रवधा और असुत्रवधा होती है ।

र्ीलसस अयोध्या में आवास सुत्रवधाओां की वतथमान जथर्लत की पड़ताि करती है और

तीर्थयात्रियों और थर्ानीय अलधकाररयों के सामने आने वािी चुनौलतयों की पहचान करती
है । यह अयोध्या में आवास त्रवकल्पों को बढाने के लिए लसफाररशें प्राप्त करने के लिए केस
थटडीज और अन्य तीर्थ थर्िों से सवोत्तम प्रर्ाओां की भी जाांच करता है ।

प्रमुख लनष्कषों और लसफाररशों में त्रवत्रवध आवास त्रवकल्प प्रदान करने, पहुांच और समावेलशता
सुलनजित करने, थर्ानीय समुदाय को शालमि करने, जथर्रता को बढावा दे ने, प्रौद्योलगकी को
एकीकृ त करने और सुरक्षा और सुरक्षा उपायों को प्रार्लमकता दे ने का महत्व शालमि है ।

इन लसफाररशों को िागू करने से, अयोध्या तीर्थयात्रियों के लिए आवास सुत्रवधाओां में काफी
सुधार कर सकता है , जजससे उन्हें अलधक समृद्ध और पूर्थ आध्याजत्मक यािा की पेशकश
की जा सकती है । यह अयोध्या में उनके प्रवास के दौरान आराम, पहुांच और सांतुत्रि सुलनजित
करते हुए तीर्थयात्रियों के समग्र अनुभव में योगदान दे गा।

र्ीलसस इन लसफाररशों को िागू करने और आवास सुत्रवधाओां की िगातार लनगरानी और

मूल्याांकन करने के लिए थर्ानीय अलधकाररयों, नीलत लनमाथताओां और कहतधारकों के बीच
सहयोग की आवश्यकता पर जोर दे ती है । तीर्थयात्रियों की जरूरतों को प्रार्लमकता दे कर
और उनके आराम और सुत्रवधा को सुलनजित करके, अयोध्या एक प्रमुख तीर्थथर्ि के रूप
में अपनी जथर्लत को मजबूत कर सकता है , जो दलु नया भर के भक्तों के लिए आध्याजत्मक
रूप से पूर्थ अनुभव प्रदान करता है ।
 HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................... iv

साराांश ..................................................................................................................... v

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 2

1.1. Need for this Study .................................................................................. 3

1.2. Objectives ................................................................................................ 4

1.3. Scope of work .......................................................................................... 4

1.4. Methodology ............................................................................................ 4

1.5. Limitations................................................................................................ 7

2. CONCEPTS ................................................................................................... 9

2.1. Definition of Pilgrimage and Pilgrims ....................................................... 9

2.2. Characteristics of Pilgrimage in India: ...................................................... 9

2.3. Registered Trusts .................................................................................. 10

2.3.1. Concept of Pilgrimage ..................................................................... 11

2.4. Dharamshalas........................................................................................ 13

2.4.1. List of Important Dharmashala at Ayodhya ..................................... 15

2.5. Ashrams................................................................................................. 15

2.5.1. List of Important Ashrams at Ayodhya............................................. 17

2.6. Options for stay...................................................................................... 17

2.6.1. Dharamshalas ................................................................................. 18

2.6.2. Ashrams .......................................................................................... 18

2.6.3. Pilgrim Tents/Camps ....................................................................... 18

2.6.4. Homestays ...................................................................................... 18

2.6.5. Hotels .............................................................................................. 18

2.6.6. Guesthouses ................................................................................... 18

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3. CITY PROFILE ............................................................................................ 21

3.1.1. Religious Significance ..................................................................... 21

3.1.2. Tourism and Pilgrimage .................................................................. 21

3.1.3. Infrastructure ................................................................................... 21

3.1.4. Culture and Festivals....................................................................... 22

3.1.5. Local Economy ................................................................................ 22

3.2. The Ayodhya Dispute ............................................................................ 23

3.2.1. Timeline........................................................................................... 24

3.3. Places To Visit in Ayodhya .................................................................... 25

3.3.1. Hanumangarhi ................................................................................. 26

3.3.2. Ramkot ............................................................................................ 27

3.3.3. Kanak Bhawan ................................................................................ 27

3.3.4. Shri Nageshwarnath Temple ........................................................... 28

3.3.5. Ram ki Paidi .................................................................................... 29

3.3.6. Treta-ke-Thakur .............................................................................. 30

3.3.7. Saryu River ..................................................................................... 30

3.3.8. Suraj Kund ...................................................................................... 31

3.3.9. Guptar Ghat .................................................................................... 32

3.4. Master Plan of Ayodhya 2031 ................................................................ 33

3.4.1. Development Direction .................................................................... 33

3.5. Impact Of Pilgrimage On Housing In Ayodhya....................................... 36

3.5.1. Ram Mandir Complex...................................................................... 36

3.5.2. Tourism Infrastructure Development ............................................... 36

3.5.3. Connectivity and Transportation ...................................................... 36

3.5.4. Riverfront Development................................................................... 36

3.5.5. Beautification and Urban Renewal .................................................. 36

3.5.6. Preservation of Heritage.................................................................. 37

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3.6. The Flow of Pilgrims in Ayodhya ............................................................ 37

3.6.1. The induced Tourist inflow in Ayodhya ............................................ 38

3.7. Advantages for the city .......................................................................... 39

3.7.1. Real Estate ...................................................................................... 41

3.7.2. Highway Construction ..................................................................... 43

4. CASE STUDIES .......................................................................................... 47

4.1. Case Study Selection Criteria ................................................................ 47

4.2. Case Study – 1 Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust .......................................... 49

4.3. Case Study – 2 Birla Dharamshala ........................................................ 52

4.4. Case Study – 3 Murari Das Ashram (Temple) ....................................... 54

4.5. Case Study – 4 Vishwa Shanti Ashram ................................................. 56

4.6. Case Study – 5 Maharashtra Dharamshala ........................................... 59

4.7. Case Study – 6 Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram (Temple) ........................ 61

4.8. Case Study Comparison ........................................................................ 64

4.9. Conclusion ............................................................................................. 65

5. ISSUES AND POTENTIALS ....................................................................... 68

5.1.1. Case study level issues and potentials............................................ 68

5.1.2. City level issues and potentials ....................................................... 71

6. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................... 75

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 79

8. ANNEXURES .............................................................................................. 82

1. Questionnaire 1 - Format Dharamshala/ Ashrams manager ....................... 82

2. Questionnaire 2 - Survey Format- Rental Housing ...................................... 84

3. Thesis Sheets.............................................................................................. 85

4. Plagiarism Report ...................................................................................... 108

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 HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

List of Tables

Table 3.1 Decadal Population Growth ................................................................ 34

Table 3.2 Growth of Tourists in Ayodhya ............................................................ 38
Table 4.1 Case study selection criteria ............................................................... 48
Table 4.2 Connectivity to Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust ........................................ 49
Table 4.3 Social Infrastructure Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust ................................ 49
Table 4.4 Owners Profile Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust ........................................ 50
Table 4.5 About owners Profile Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust .............................. 50
Table 4.6 About Birla Dharamshala .................................................................... 52
Table 4.7 Birla Dharamshala .............................................................................. 53
Table 4.8 About Murari Das Ashram ................................................................... 54
Table 4.9 Murari Das Ashram ............................................................................. 55
Table 4.10 About Vishwa Shanti Ashram ............................................................ 57
Table 4.11 Vishwa Shanti Ashram ...................................................................... 58
Table 4.12 About Maharashtra Dharamshala ..................................................... 59
Table 4.13 Connectivity Maharashtra Dharamshala ........................................... 60
Table 4.14 About Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram .................................................. 62
Table 4.15 Details of Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram ............................................ 63
Table 4.16 Case Study Comparison ................................................................... 64
Table 5.1 Case Study Level Issues and Potentials ............................................. 68
Table 5.2 City Level Issues and Potentials ......................................................... 71
Table 6.1 Recommendation for Housing for Pilgrims in Ayodhya ....................... 77

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List of Maps

Map 1.1 Map of Ayodhya ...................................................................................... 2

Map 3.1 Places to Visit ....................................................................................... 25
Map 3.2 Places to Visit in Ayodhya ..................................................................... 26
Map 4.1 Case Study Location ............................................................................. 47
Map 4.2 Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust .................................................................. 49
Map 4.3 Plan of Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust ...................................................... 51
Map 4.4 Birla Dharamshala ................................................................................ 52
Map 4.5 Murari Das Ashram (Temple) ................................................................ 54
Map 4.6 Vishwa Shanti Ashram .......................................................................... 56
Map 4.7Maharashtra Dharamshala..................................................................... 59
Map 4.8 Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram (Temple) ................................................. 61

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List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Deep Mahotsav Image ......................................................................... 4

Figure 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................ 6
Figure 2.1 Sex Ratio of Pilgrims.......................................................................... 10
Figure 2.2 Registered Trust ................................................................................ 10
Figure 2.3 Registered Dharamshalas ................................................................. 11
Figure 2.4 Stay Options Available in Ayodhya .................................................... 11
Figure 2.5 Age group of Pilgrims in Ayodhya ...................................................... 13
Figure 2.6 Type of Pilgrims ................................................................................. 13
Figure 2.7 Duration of stay .................................................................................. 16
Figure 2.8 Options for Stay in the City ................................................................ 17
Figure 2.9 Accommodation facilities available in Ayodhya .................................. 18
Figure 3.1 Disputes in Ayodhya over the years .................................................. 24
Figure 3.2 Hanumangarhi Temple ...................................................................... 26
Figure 3.3 Ramkot .............................................................................................. 27
Figure 3.4 Kanak Bhawan ................................................................................... 27
Figure 3.5 Shri Nageshwarnath Temple ............................................................. 28
Figure 3.6 Ram Ki Paidi ...................................................................................... 29
Figure 3.7 Treta-ke-Thakur ................................................................................. 30
Figure 3.8 Saryu River ........................................................................................ 30
Figure 3.9 Suraj Kund ......................................................................................... 31
Figure 3.10 Guptar Ghat ..................................................................................... 32
Figure 3.11 News Clip of Uttar Pradesh government identifies 1,1100 acre land in
Ayodhya for development ................................................................................... 40
Figure 3.12 News Clip of UP Government allows foreign countries to construct
guest houses for pilgrims .................................................................................... 41
Figure 3.13 News Clip of Ayodhya as a new Real Estate boom ......................... 42
Figure 3.14 News Clip of Ayodhya turns into a property hotspot ........................ 42
Figure 3.15 News clip of Guest House to be built in Ayodhya ............................ 43
Figure 3.16 News Clip of New Highway to be built in Ayodhya ........................... 44
Figure 5.1 Procedure for Recommendation ........................................................ 75

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 INTRODUCTION | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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 INTRODUCTION | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

1. INTRODUCTION
Ayodhya is a city situated on the banks of holy river Saryu in the Indian state of
Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Faizabad district as well
as the Faizabad division of Uttar Pradesh, India. Ayodhya city is administered by
the Ayodhya Municipal Corporation, the governing civic body of the city.

The legendary city of Ayodhya, popularly identified as the present-day Ayodhya, is

the birthplace of the Hindu deity Rama of Kosala Kingdom and setting of the great
epic Ramayana. Owing to the belief as the birthplace of Rama, Ayodhya
(Awadhpuri) has been regarded as first one of the seven most important pilgrimage
sites (Mokshdayini Sapt Puris) for Hindus. It is believed that a temple stood at the
supposed birth spot of Rama.

Map 1.1 Map of Ayodhya

Source: (India, 2021)

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 INTRODUCTION | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

1.1. Need for this Study

• These towns face the problems of housing for the pilgrims whose needs,
although seasonal, are not fully met during the stay, therefore an attempt is
made to study the various accommodations options available for pilgrims in
the town.

• During the month of November, pilgrims live here in tented accommodation

for almost a month which are vulnerable to various kinds of disasters,
therefore important to study.

• The concept of home stay in the city or a weekend home is increasingly

becoming predominant in India.

• These homestays are built on the outskirt of the city or in the area of the
town that are comparatively peaceful and close to nature.

• Ayodhya are the major pilgrim towns of north India, lying in the Eastern part
of Uttar Pradesh and are easily accessible from states like Haryana, Bihar
and Delhi therefore people today are opting these towns as their weekend
gateways.

• Such increased human traffic and increased scale of development impacts

on existing religious town in many positive as well as negative ways, this
research tries to focus towards analysing the impact of this emerging Hotels,
Dharamshala's, homestays on these historic, religious and pilgrim towns.

• This existing imbalance of accommodations shortage for pilgrims and Home

Stay lying vacant within a city need to be explored and studied.

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 INTRODUCTION | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

Figure 1.1 Deep Mahotsav Image

Source: (Shaini, 2021)

1.2. Objectives
a) To study and analyse the existing provisions for accommodation in Ayodhya of
pilgrims.

b) To analyse the impact of tourist and pilgrims’ accommodation on the city of

Ayodhya.

c) To identify the problems and potentials and give recommendation to address the
same.

1.3. Scope of work

• The study deals with the seasonal festivals and melas.

• The study has been done through primary as well as secondary data collection.

• City level study was based on secondary data

• Case study level work was based on primary survey, which includes a limited
sample survey.

• Case studies of Hotels, Homestays, Dharamshalas and Ashrams has been limited
tothe extend of getting an overview of the same.

1.4. Methodology
• Firstly, understanding the concept of religious tourism and various characteristics
of pilgrimage in india along with a brief overview of various Pilgrims
accommodation options available in ayodhya.

• The research is to study and analysis during the fifteen days period site visits and
data collection from various sources is made as per the requirements established
by the research questions and objectives of the study.

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 INTRODUCTION | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

• Various sources of data include: interviews of identified resource persons, ayodhya

development authority, tourism department officials from ayodhya along with
various tourists, caretakers/managers of various dharamshalas, ashrams, guest
houses and homestays owners.

• Telephonic interviews were conducted in case of homestays owners are

unavailable.

• After study analysis, the next stage involves selection of cases studies related to
each accommodation options. These case studies are selected keeping in view all
aspects of selection.

• Detailed case studies are undertaken to get a detailed view of each and every
aspect related to the accommodation type.

• In the next stage, results and inferences of case studies have been forwarded to
establish the problems, issues and potentials. Based on these problems, issues
and potentials possible recommendations were given.

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 INTRODUCTION | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

Figure 1.2 Methodology

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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 INTRODUCTION | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

1.5. Limitations
• The study is limited to whatever latest figures are available.

• In case sufficient data is not available through a secondary survey, then field
visits are undertaken to derive conclusions which are based on case studies
and limited sample surveys conducted.

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 INTRODUCTION | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

CHAPTER 2
CONCEPTS

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 CONCEPTS | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

2. CONCEPTS
Ayodhya, a city steeped in history and revered as the birthplace of Lord Rama,
holds immense religious significance for millions of people around the world.
Located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India, Ayodhya is a place of
pilgrimage and spiritual journey for devotees of Hinduism and followers of other
religions. Over the years, the city has witnessed an influx of pilgrims seeking
solace, enlightenment, and participation in religious ceremonies.

As the importance of Ayodhya as a religious destination continues to grow, it

becomes crucial to ensure that pilgrims have access to comfortable and accessible
housing facilities. However, the existing accommodation infrastructure often falls
short of meeting the diverse needs of the pilgrims, leading to discomfort and
inconvenience during their stay. Recognizing this challenge, there is a pressing
need to explore and propose solutions that will enhance the housing facilities for
pilgrims in Ayodhya.

2.1. Definition of Pilgrimage and Pilgrims

• A pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place or shrine, either in the pilgrim's native
land or abroad. A pilgrimage may be undertaken because such a journey is
considered meritorious. The idea of the acquisition of divine favour, either directly
or through sin, is generally associated with such a journey. The journey to the
sacred spot is always associated with some religious motives or which are in
one way or another, religious ideas and beliefs.

• It is clear that two significant features which do recur in pilgrimages are:

1. sacred places and

2. the act of travelling or journeying itself.

• "Pilgrimages are sacred journeys extraordinary pilgrimages as practised in

India and elsewhere is guided by the highly diversified motives of the pilgrims. A
person who makes such a journey is called a "Pilgrims".

2.2. Characteristics of Pilgrimage in India:

• India is a land of pilgrimage. Travel for religious purposes has been there from the
most ancient times.

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 CONCEPTS | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

• In our country, all major temples, shrines and sacred spots are found scattered all
along major riverbanks or in the hills. The confluence of holy rivers called 'Sangam'
attracts millions of pilgrims every year when pilgrims assemble there to take a holy
dip in these rivers. For example, on the day of "Sankranti".

• Another dimension added to it is that to unify the country Adi shankar acharya
established four peeth (centres) in the four corners of the country. They are
Badrinath in the North, Kanchipuram in the South, Dwarka Puri in West and
Jagannath Puri in the East. To add to this Sringeri mutt in Karnataka state is also
claimed to be the sacred peeth.
Figure 2.1 Sex Ratio of Pilgrims
• This is primarily because in the religious life
Sex ratio of Pilgrims
of an average Indian, even rivers have
played a decisive role. The rivers from time Male
37%
immemorial have been the symbol of purity
63% Female
to humans. Among these rivers, the Ganga
is believed to be the most sacred for all
Hindus. Innumerable like Gaumukh, holy
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar
shrines Gangotri, Devprayag, Rishikesh,
(2023), Primary Survey
Hardwar, Garmukteshwar, and Gangasagar
have come up on her banks through ages. These holy shrines attract millions of
domestic pilgrims every year. On the other hand, the river Yamuna is considered
tobe most meritorious to perform Gayatri Jap.

2.3. Registered Trusts

A registered trust refers to a legal entity that is established for charitable or
philanthropic purposes. Trusts are commonly set up to manage and administer
funds or assets for the benefit of a specific cause, such as education, healthcare,
poverty alleviation, or religious activities.

Figure 2.2 Registered Trust

Registered
Trust

Sri ram janam Ram ki paidi Guptar ghat Janaki ashram Sri janamki
bhoomi Trust Trust Trust Trust mahal trust

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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Figure 2.3 Registered Dharamshalas

Registered
Dharamshalas
and aashrams In
ayodhya

There are 4375

There are 2614 There are 7 33 guest
registered
registered There are 36 registered registered under
dharamshalas
ashrams under hotels in ayodhya homestays in different
under different
different trust ayodhya organisation
trust

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

2.3.1. Concept of Pilgrimage Figure 2.4 Stay Options Available in Ayodhya

The concept of pilgrimage is deeply

rooted in religious and spiritual
Dharamshala
traditions across various cultures
59%
and faiths. It involves embarking on Ashrams

a journey to a sacred place or site 30% Homestay

that holds special significance and is 1%
2 Hotel
8%
believed to have a connection with
Guest House
the divine or the transcendent.
Pilgrimage is seen as a means of
seeking spiritual growth, religious
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary
fulfilment, and a closer connection Survey
with the divine.

Here are some key aspects of the concept of pilgrimage:

Sacred Destination: Pilgrimage typically involves traveling to a specific

destination considered sacred or holy. These destinations can be natural sites,
such as mountains, rivers, or caves, or man-made structures like temples,
churches, or mosques. The sacredness of these places often derives from their
association with revered figures, historical events, or religious teachings.

Spiritual Quest: Pilgrimage is seen as a spiritual quest or journey undertaken by

individuals seeking a deeper connection with the divine, enlightenment, or personal
transformation. It is an opportunity for introspection, self-reflection, and the

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exploration of one's faith and beliefs. Pilgrims often engage in prayer, meditation,
rituals, and acts of devotion during their pilgrimage.

Rituals and Practices: Pilgrimage involves specific rituals, practices, and customs
that vary depending on the religious tradition or cultural context. These rituals can
include bathing in sacred rivers, circumambulating sacred sites, offering prayers or
sacrifices, fasting, and engaging in acts of charity. Pilgrims often follow a
prescribed route or perform specific actions believed to bring blessings or spiritual
benefits.

Communal Experience: Pilgrimage is not just an individual journey; it often has a

communal aspect. Many pilgrims travel in groups or join large gatherings of fellow
believers. The shared experience of pilgrimage fosters a sense of community,
unity, and solidarity among the participants. Pilgrims often engage in collective
prayers, participate in religious ceremonies, and share stories and experiences
with others on the same spiritual path.

Symbolic Meaning: Pilgrimage is laden with symbolism. The physical journey to

a sacred site represents a metaphorical journey of the soul or the seeker's quest
for spiritual enlightenment. The challenges and hardships encountered during the
pilgrimage are seen as tests of faith and opportunities for spiritual growth. The
destination itself may symbolize the divine presence or the attainment of spiritual
goals.

Transformation and Blessings: Pilgrimage is believed to have transformative

effects on individuals. It is seen as a means of purifying the soul, seeking
forgiveness, and receiving blessings or spiritual grace. Pilgrims often return from
their pilgrimage with a sense of renewal, inner peace, and a strengthened
connection to their faith.

Pilgrimage holds great cultural, religious, and social significance for many people
around the world. It is a manifestation of human spirituality, devotion, and the
desire for transcendence, offering a unique and profound experience for individuals
seeking a deeper connection with the divine.

• A place of religious importance generally attracts both pilgrims & tourists in

almost all seasons, whereas a place of tourism oriented like site seeing places

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attracts tourists in some seasons only. Places of religious importance generate

activities around them and influence the spatial, socio-economics, and cultural
parameters in the zone of influence.

• When the inflow of pilgrims is increasing every year that indicates the vast
provision of basic amenities like lodging, boarding places, infrastructure like
water supply, drainage, waste disposal etc.

• Whenever these are provided in any urban centre then obviously the development
will take place simultaneously, and also it attracts more number of pilgrims.

Figure 2.5 Age group of Pilgrims in

Review
Ayodhya

The factor which supports the optimism is

Age of Pilgrims
that it is only within the last decade or so
4%
that the religious authorities in India
Unde
have begun to preach on the spiritual r 15
44% 32% 15-30
virtues and to listen to these religious
gurus, people in large number have started 30-45

moving from one place to another. Thus, in 12%

8%
the coming days, religious tourism, like
other segments of travel is also likely to Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023),
assume cyclical growth patterns. And so Primary Survey

there is need of shelter and facility are increased yearly.

Figure 2.6 Type of Pilgrims

2.4. Dharamshalas
A Dharamshala, also known as a pilgrim
Types Of Pilgrims
rest house or a religious guest house, is a
facility that provides accommodation for
pilgrims and travellers visiting religious or 10%
41% Student
spiritual destinations. Dharamshalas are
25% Hermit
prevalent in various religious traditions, Visitors
such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Tourist
24%
Sikhism, and they serve as a place of
respite and shelter for individuals on a
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023),
pilgrimage or seeking spiritual solace. Primary Survey

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Here are some key characteristics of Dharamshalas:

Accommodation: Dharamshalas offer lodging facilities for pilgrims and travellers.

They typically provide simple and affordable accommodations, ranging from
shared dormitories to private rooms. The facilities may include basic amenities like
beds, blankets, bathrooms, and sometimes communal dining areas.

Religious Associations: Dharamshalas are often affiliated with specific religious

institutions, temples, gurdwaras (Sikh places of worship), or monasteries. They
may be situated near sacred sites or in proximity to religious centres to
accommodate devotees who come to worship or participate in religious activities.

Cultural and Community Experience: Staying in a Dharamshala provides

pilgrims with an opportunity to immerse themselves in the local culture and
community. Pilgrims can interact with fellow devotees, participate in religious
ceremonies, and experience the spiritual atmosphere of the place.

Spiritual Environment: Dharamshalas aim to create an environment conducive

to spiritual practices and devotion. They may have prayer halls, meditation spaces,
or designated areas for religious rituals. Pilgrims can engage in prayer, meditation,
and other spiritual activities during their stay.

Charitable Endeavors: Dharamshalas are often operated on a non-profit basis

and supported through donations from devotees and well-wishers. They serve as
a charitable endeavour, providing affordable accommodation to pilgrims who may
not have the means to afford commercial lodging options.

Service and Hospitality: Dharamshalas are known for their hospitality and the
service-oriented nature of their staff. The caretakers or volunteers at the
Dharamshala often ensure that the pilgrims' basic needs are met and may offer
guidance or assistance regarding religious rituals or local customs.

Dharamshalas play a significant role in facilitating the spiritual journey of pilgrims,

offering them a place to rest, rejuvenate, and connect with their faith. They embody
the principle of seva (selfless service) and provide a sense of community and
support to pilgrims, fostering a shared experience and a deeper connection to the
religious traditions they represent.

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2.4.1. List of Important Dharmashala at Ayodhya

1. Janaki Mahal trusts Dharamshala
2. Sri ram athithi niwas
3. Maharashtra Dharamshala
4. Sri avadh Dharamshala
5. Ayodhya Dharamshala
6. Hanumat Bhawan Dharamshala
7. Mangrulal jamuna prasad sewa samiti dharamshala
8. Sahu Dharamshala
9. Ma Ishwar devi seva sadan
10. Digamber jain dharamashala
11. Sanjul Dharamshala
12. Gujarati Dharamshala

2.5. Ashrams
An Ashram is a spiritual hermitage or retreat centre where individuals can seek
spiritual growth, engage in religious practices, and live a disciplined and
contemplative lifestyle. Ashrams are commonly associated with Hinduism, but they
can also be found in other spiritual traditions such as Buddhism and Jainism.
Ashrams serve as spiritual communities or centers where seekers can live, learn,
and practice under the guidance of a spiritual teacher or guru.

Here are some key characteristics of Ashrams:

Spiritual Environment: Ashrams are designed to provide an environment

conducive to spiritual practices and self-discovery. They are often situated in
serene and natural surroundings, away from the distractions of urban life. The
peaceful atmosphere, surrounded by nature, supports meditation, self-reflection,
and contemplation.

Spiritual Guidance: Ashrams are typically led by a spiritual teacher or guru who
provides guidance and teachings to the residents. The guru imparts spiritual
knowledge, practices, and philosophical insights to help seekers on their path of
self-realization and inner transformation.

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Disciplined Lifestyle: Ashrams encourage a disciplined and structured way of life.

Residents often follow a daily schedule that includes meditation, yoga, the study of
sacred texts, devotional practices, and selfless service (seva). The aim is to
cultivate self-discipline, self-awareness, and a deeper connection with spirituality.

Community Living: Ashrams foster a sense of community and shared living.

Residents, known as sadhakas or disciples, live together and support one another
on their spiritual journeys. The community aspect provides opportunities for group
meditation, satsangs (spiritual gatherings), and the exchange of spiritual
experiences and insights.

Study and Learning: Ashrams often offer educational programs, workshops, and
classes on various aspects of spirituality, philosophy, meditation, yoga, and other
spiritual practices. These opportunities allow seekers to deepen their knowledge
and understanding of spiritual principles and practices.

Simple Lifestyle: Ashrams emphasize simplicity and minimalism. Residents

typically lead a frugal and austere lifestyle, focusing on inner growth rather than
material possessions. Basic accommodations, vegetarian meals, and a focus on
selfless service are common in ashram life.

Retreat and Solitude: Ashrams provide a space for individuals to retreat from
worldly distractions and engage in self-reflection. Seekers may opt to stay in an
Figure 2.7 Duration of stay
ashram for a short period, such as a few
days or weeks, as a retreat or for longer Duration of Stay
durations to delve deeper into spiritual
6% 4% 1 day
practices. 5%
17% 1- 3 day
Ashrams serve as sacred spaces for 9% 1 week
13% 21% 15 days
seekers to detach from worldly concerns,
14% 11% 1 month
deepen their spiritual connection, and find
3 month
guidance and support on their spiritual
path. They offer an immersive experience
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023),
that fosters self-discovery, personal Primary Survey

growth, and the realization of one's true

nature.

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2.5.1. List of Important Ashrams at Ayodhya

1. Ayodhya omkarnath ashram
2. Shri bhakti ashram
3. Vishwa shanti ashram
4. Mahatma banadas ashram
5. Shri ram varan ashram
6. Maharishi ashram
7. Vanprasth ashram ayodhya
8. Paramhansh ashram
9. Jan seva Narayan ashram
10. Sri sadhguru kripa ashram

2.6. Options for stay

When visiting Ayodhya, pilgrims and tourists have various options for
accommodation that cater to different preferences and budgets.

Figure 2.8 Options for Stay in the City

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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2.6.1. Dharamshalas
Dharamshalas are traditional pilgrim rest houses that provide simple and
economical accommodations for devotees. Figure 2.9 Accommodation facilities
These facilities are often managed by available in Ayodhya
religious organizations or trusts and offer
0.20% Options of stay
dormitory-style rooms with shared facilities. 0.20% 0.10%
Dharamshala
2.6.2. Ashrams
Ashram
Ayodhya has several ashrams that provide
34.50% Tent
accommodation for pilgrims. Ashrams are
65% Homestay
spiritual retreats where visitors can stay
and immerse themselves in a spiritual Rented
Accomodation
environment. They may offer basic rooms,
vegetarian meals, and the opportunity to
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023),
participate in spiritual practices and Primary Survey

discourses.

2.6.3. Pilgrim Tents/Camps

During major religious festivals or events, temporary tented camps are set up to
accommodate the large influx of pilgrims. These camps provide basic facilities and
are a convenient option for those seeking temporary shelter during peak pilgrimage
seasons.

2.6.4. Homestays
Some local residents in Ayodhya offer homestay options where visitors can
experience the local culture and hospitality. These accommodations provide a
more personal and immersive experience, allowing guests to interact with the host
family and learn about local traditions.

2.6.5. Hotels
Ayodhya offers a range of hotels, from budget-friendly options to luxury
establishments. These hotels provide comfortable rooms, amenities, and services
such as room service, restaurants, and in-house facilities.

2.6.6. Guesthouses

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Guesthouses are a popular choice for pilgrims seeking affordable and simple
accommodation. These establishments often offer basic rooms with essential
amenities and may have communal spaces for socializing

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CHAPTER 3
CITY PROFILE

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3. CITY PROFILE
Ayodhya is a city located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It holds
immense religious significance for Hindus as it is considered the birthplace of Lord
Rama, a revered deity in Hindu mythology. The city is situated on the banks of the
Sarayu River and is surrounded by lush greenery and sacred sites.

• Total: 2522.0 Sq.Km

• Rural: 2459.88 Sq.Km
• Urban: 62.12 Sq.Km
Population: Ayodhya has a population of approximately 76,000 residents (as of
2021). However, the population swells significantly during religious festivals and
pilgrim seasons when devotees from all over the country visit the city.

• Total: 24,70,996
• Male: 12,59,628
• Female: 12,11,368
3.1.1. Religious Significance
Ayodhya is considered one of the seven holiest cities in Hinduism. It is believed to
be the birthplace of Lord Rama, the seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu. The city also
holds significance for followers of other religions, including Buddhism, Jainism, and
Islam.

3.1.2. Tourism and Pilgrimage

Ayodhya attracts millions of pilgrims and tourists every year who come to visit the
various temples and religious sites. The most prominent among them is the Ram
Janmabhoomi, the site believed to be the birthplace of Lord Rama. Other
significant attractions include Hanuman Garhi, Kanak Bhawan, and the Ramkot
Fort. The city also offers serene ghats along the Sarayu River, where pilgrims
perform rituals and seek spiritual solace.

3.1.3. Infrastructure
Ayodhya has been undergoing infrastructure development to accommodate the
increasing number of pilgrims. The city has improved road connectivity, railway
links, and transportation facilities. Efforts are being made to enhance the

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accommodation infrastructure to provide comfortable and convenient options for

pilgrims and tourists.

3.1.4. Culture and Festivals

Ayodhya has a rich cultural heritage and is known for its traditional arts, music, and
dance forms. The city celebrates various festivals with great enthusiasm, including
Diwali (the festival of lights), Ram Navami (Lord Rama's birthday), and Chhath
Puja. These festivals attract a large number of devotees and visitors, adding
vibrancy to the city's cultural fabric.

3.1.5. Local Economy

Ayodhya's economy is primarily driven by religious tourism. The influx of pilgrims
and tourists supports a thriving market for handicrafts, religious artefacts, and
offerings. The city is also known for its local cuisine, including traditional sweets
and vegetarian delicacies.

Ayodhya faces several challenges related to infrastructure development, waste

management, and maintaining a balance between tourism growth and preserving
the city's heritage. However, the city also presents opportunities for economic
growth, sustainable tourism, and community development through strategic
planning, public-private partnerships, and cultural preservation efforts. Ayodhya
remains a significant spiritual destination and a symbol of religious harmony,
attracting pilgrims and tourists who seek a deeper connection with their faith and a
glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of India.

Altitude: 26.90 meters above sea level.

Sex Ratio: 763

Work Participation Rate: 31.44 %

Density: 460/km2 (1,200/sq mi)

Literacy Rate: 78.15%

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3.2. The Ayodhya Dispute

The Ayodhya dispute refers to a long-standing and contentious issue regarding the
ownership and control of a site in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. The dispute
revolves around a structure known as the Babri Masjid and the belief that it was
built on the birthplace of Lord Rama, a revered Hindu deity.

The dispute dates back several decades and has been a source of religious and
political tension in India. The conflicting claims over the site have led to legal
battles, communal conflicts, and even acts of violence.

Babri Masjid: The Babri Masjid was a mosque built in the 16th century by Mughal
emperor Babur. Hindus claim that the mosque was constructed on the site of a
demolished Hindu temple believed to be the birthplace of Lord Rama.

Hindu Claim: Hindu groups, represented by various organizations, assert that the
Babri Masjid was built after demolishing a pre-existing temple. They claim that the
site is the birthplace of Lord Rama and demand the construction of a grand Ram
temple at the site.

Muslim Claim: Muslim groups contend that the Babri Masjid was constructed
lawfully and that there is no evidence to support the Hindu claim of a pre-existing
temple. They argue that the mosque should be protected and preserved as a
religious site.

Legal Battle: The Ayodhya dispute has been battled in courts for many years.
Numerous legal cases were filed by both Hindu and Muslim groups to establish
their claims over the site. The legal proceedings ultimately culminated in a
landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of India in November 2019.

Supreme Court Verdict: The Supreme Court of India ruled in favor of the Hindu
claimants, granting the disputed site to a trust for the construction of a Ram temple.
The court also directed the government to provide an alternate land for the
construction of a mosque in Ayodhya.

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Figure 3.1 Disputes in Ayodhya over the years

Source: (Ayodhya Verdict Key Highlights: Ram Lalla gets disputed site, 2019)

3.2.1. Timeline
1528: The Babri Masjid is believed to have been built by Mughal emperor Babur.

1853: The first recorded incident related to the dispute occurs when a religious
structure dedicated to Lord Rama is constructed adjacent to the Babri Masjid.

1949: A group of Hindu activists places idols of Lord Rama inside the Babri Masjid,
leading to the mosque's closure. The government declares the site disputed and
locks the mosque.

1950: The first suit is filed by Gopal Singh Visharad seeking permission to worship
the idols placed inside the Babri Masjid.

1959: The Sunni Central Waqf Board files a suit, claiming ownership and the right
to offer prayers at the disputed site.

1984: The Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) launches a campaign for the construction
of a Ram temple at the disputed site.

1986: The Faizabad district court orders the locks of the Babri Masjid to be opened,
allowing Hindus to worship inside the mosque's premises.

1990: The VHP starts the "Ram Rath Yatra," a series of processions led by L.K.
Advani, demanding the construction of a Ram temple.

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1992: On December 6, the Babri Masjid is demolished by Hindu activists, leading

to widespread communal violence across India.

1993: The central government acquires 67.703 acres of land around the disputed
site and creates the "Acquisition of Certain Area at Ayodhya Act." The land is
placed under the control of a trust known as the "Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas."

2002: The Godhra train burning incident in Gujarat sparks communal riots, leading
to further tensions related to the Ayodhya dispute.

2010: The Allahabad High Court delivers a verdict, dividing the disputed land into
three parts: one-third for the Ram Lalla (infant Lord Rama), one-third for the Sunni
Waqf Board, and one-third for the Nirmohi Akhara. All parties appeal to the
Supreme Court.

2019: The Supreme Court of India delivers its verdict on November 9, stating that
the disputed land should be given to a trust for the construction of a Ram temple.
The court also directs the government to provide an alternate land of 5 acres for
the construction of a mosque.

Map 3.1 Places to Visit

Source: (ThadanI, 2022)

3.3. Places To Visit in Ayodhya

Ayodhya, a holy city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, holds great religious and
historical significance for Hindus. It is believed to be the birthplace of Lord Rama
and is associated with the epic Ramayana. Here are some of the notable places to
visit in Ayodhya

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• Ramjanma Bhoomi
• Hanumangarhi
• Kanak Bhawan
• Nageshwarnath Temple
• Treta Ke Thakur
• Choti Chawni
• Sita Ki Rasoi
• Raja Mandir
• Ramkatha Park
• Mani Parbat
• Dashrath Bhavan
Map 3.2 Places to Visit in Ayodhya

Source: (ThadanI, 2022)

3.3.1. Hanumangarhi Figure 3.2 Hanumangarhi Temple

Constructed in the shape of a fort and accessed by a

flight of seventy - six steps, the 10th-century ancient
temple nestles in the centre of the pilgrim town. It has
circular fortifications in each corner and is believed to
be the spot where Lord Hanuman resided in a cave and
protected the town.

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3.3.2. Ramkot Figure 3.3 Ramkot

Situated on high ground and replete

with temples and shrines, it is one of
the major attractions in Ayodhya.

Historical and Mythological

Significance: Ramkot is believed to
be the exact spot where the ancient
city of Ayodhya once stood and where
Lord Rama's palace, known as Ram's
Fort, was located. It is considered to be the birthplace of Lord Rama and the site
of his kingdom in the epic Ramayana.

Religious Importance: Ramkot is highly revered by Hindus and is considered a

sacred pilgrimage site. Devotees believe that visiting and offering prayers at
Ramkot can bring blessings, fulfilment of desires, and spiritual upliftment.

Ram Lalla Temple: Within the premises of Ramkot, there is a temple known as
the Ram Lalla Temple. It houses the idol of infant Lord Rama, known as Ram Lalla,
and is the focal point of devotion for pilgrims. The temple attracts a large number
of devotees who come to pay their respects and seek blessings.

Architecture and Structure: Ramkot is characterized by its fort-like structure with

high walls and a wide platform. The fort walls enclose the area where Lord Rama's
palace is believed to have once Figure 3.4 Kanak Bhawan
stood. The platform offers a
panoramic view of the surrounding
area and the Sarayu River.

3.3.3. Kanak Bhawan

Vrishbhanu Kuvari, Queen of
Teekamgarh (Madhya Pradesh) in
1891, constructed the exquisitely
embellished temple.

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Dedicated to Lord Rama and Sita: Kanak Bhawan is primarily dedicated to Lord
Rama and his divine consort, Sita. The temple is believed to have been constructed
by Queen Kaikeyi, one of King Dasharatha's wives and Lord Rama's stepmother.
It is said that she built the temple as a token of her repentance for her role in the
exile of Lord Rama.

Architecture and Design: Kanak Bhawan showcases exquisite architectural style

and intricate carvings. The temple's design combines both North Indian and South
Indian architectural elements. The walls and ceilings are adorned with colorful
paintings depicting various episodes from the Ramayana, showcasing the life and
exploits of Lord Rama.

Historical Significance: Kanak Bhawan has a rich historical background. It is

believed to have been built during the 19th century and underwent renovations and
additions over time. The temple's architecture and artwork reflect the cultural
heritage and craftsmanship of that era.

Mythological Legends: Kanak Bhawan is associated with several mythological

legends and stories related to Lord Rama and Sita. According to one legend, it is
said that the deities of Lord Rama and Sita from the original Janmabhoomi temple
were placed in Kanak Bhawan during the period of Babur's rule to protect them
from destruction.

3.3.4. Shri Nageshwarnath Temple Figure 3.5 Shri Nageshwarnath

Temple
Nageshwarnath Temple is an ancient Shiva
temple located near the banks of the Sarayu
River.The presiding deity of Ayodhya is Lord
Nageshwarnathji. It is believed that Lord
Ram’s son, Kush, built the beautiful temple
dedicated to him.

Historical Significance: The Shri

Nageshwarnath Temple is believed to be one
of the oldest temples in Ayodhya. It has a rich
historical and mythological background.

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According to legends, it is said to have been established by Lord Rama's son,

Kusha, during his reign.

Lord Shiva as the Presiding Deity: The temple is dedicated to Lord

Nageshwarnath, an incarnation of Lord Shiva. Lord Nageshwarnath is revered as
the lord of serpents, and devotees offer prayers and seek blessings for protection,
well-being, and spiritual upliftment.

Architectural Style: The temple exhibits a traditional architectural style of northern

India. It features intricate carvings and sculptures depicting various deities and
mythological scenes. The temple's structure and design reflect the cultural and
architectural heritage of the region.

3.3.5. Ram ki Paidi Figure 3.6 Ram Ki Paidi

A series of ghats set on the banks of

river Saryu serves as a platform to
devotees who come here to wash
away their sins. It also has lush green
gardens surrounded by temples.

Name and Legend: Ram ki Paidi

translates to "Steps of Lord Rama."
According to local legends and
beliefs, it is said that Lord Rama himself used these steps to descend into the
Sarayu River for a ritual bath.

Prominent Ghat: Ram ki Paidi is one of the prominent ghats along the Sarayu
River in Ayodhya. The ghat features a series of steps leading down to the river,
providing easy access for devotees to take a dip and offer prayers.

Religious Significance: Ram ki Paidi holds immense religious significance for

devotees of Lord Rama. It is believed that taking a bath at this ghat and offering
prayers here can cleanse one's sins and bring spiritual purification.

Festivals and Celebrations: Ram ki Paidi witnesses a vibrant atmosphere during

various festivals and religious celebrations in Ayodhya. Devotees gather here in
large numbers during festivals like Diwali, Ram Navami, and Kartik Purnima to

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participate in rituals, perform aartis (devotional offerings of light), and seek

blessings.

Ghat Architecture: Ram ki Paidi features a well-maintained and aesthetically

pleasing architectural design. The ghat has been renovated and beautified to
enhance the experience for pilgrims and tourists. The steps are constructed in a
manner that allows easy access to the river.

Ghats and Temples Nearby: Ram ki Paidi is surrounded by other significant ghats
and temples along the Sarayu River. Visitors can explore nearby attractions such
as Guptar Ghat, Saryu Aarti Sthal, and various temples dedicated to Hindu deities.

Spiritual Environment: The atmosphere at Ram ki Paidi is filled with spirituality,

devotion, and a sense of peace. It provides a tranquil setting for visitors to connect
with their faith, engage in prayer and meditation, and experience the spiritual
ambience of Ayodhya.
Figure 3.7 Treta-ke-Thakur
3.3.6. Treta-ke-Thakur
Treta Ke Thakur is a temple
dedicated to Lord Rama and his
brothers, Laxmana, Bharata, and
Shatrughna. It is believed to be the
spot where Lord Rama performed the
Ashwamedha Yagna (horse sacrifice)
during his reign, Also famous as
Kaleram - ka - Mandir, the beautiful
temple is believed to mark the spot where Lord Ram performed the legendary
AshwamedhYagna.

3.3.7. Saryu River Figure 3.8 Saryu River

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One of the most prominent waterways

in Uttar Pradesh, the river finds
mention in ancient Hindu scriptures
such as the Ved and Ramayan.

Mythological Significance:
According to Hindu mythology, the
Sarayu River is believed to be a
celestial river that originates from the
celestial Lake Mansarovar in the Himalayas. It is said to have descended from
heaven to earth to purify the land and bless it with its divine waters.

Association with Lord Rama: The Sarayu River is intimately connected to the life
and stories of Lord Rama, the seventh avatar of Lord Vishnu. It is believed to be
the river on the banks of which Ayodhya, the birthplace of Lord Rama, is situated.
The river holds deep spiritual and emotional significance for devotees of Lord
Rama.

Pilgrimage and Rituals: The banks of the Sarayu River are considered sacred by
Hindus, and it is a common practice for pilgrims and devotees to take a dip in the
river as a form of purification and spiritual cleansing. Rituals, prayers, and religious
ceremonies are performed on the ghats (steps) along the river, especially during
important festivals and religious occasions.

The Sarayu River holds immense cultural, religious, and historical significance in
the city of Ayodhya. It symbolizes purity, divinity, and the eternal flow of spirituality
in Hindu tradition. The river's association with Lord Rama

Figure 3.9 Suraj Kund

3.3.8. Suraj Kund

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Located at Chaudah Koshi

Parikrama Marg in the Darshan
Nagar area, at a distance of 4
km from Ayodhya, Suraj Kund is
a big tank surrounded by ghats
that presents an exclusively
beautiful sight to visitors.

Mythological Significance:
Suraj Kund is mentioned in various Hindu scriptures and is associated with the
legend of Lord Rama. According to mythology, it is believed that Lord Rama's wife,
Sita, would offer her daily prayers to the Sun God, Surya, at this very spot. The
name "Suraj Kund" translates to "Pool of the Sun."

Holy Pond: Suraj Kund is a sacred water body that is considered to have divine
properties. Devotees believe that taking a dip in the pond can purify the soul and
wash away sins. It is believed to have healing powers and is especially.

Suraj Kund, with its mythical significance and serene ambiance, serves as a place
of devotion, spiritual connection, and rejuvenation for devotees.

3.3.9. Guptar Ghat Figure 3.10 Guptar Ghat

Situated on the banks of

river Saryu, this is the
very spot where Lord
Rama performed Jal
Samadhi. King Darshan
Singh constructed it in
the early 19th century.

Mythological Significance: Guptar Ghat is believed to be the spot where Lord

Rama, along with his brother Lakshmana, took a secret dip in the Sarayu River
during their exile period. It is said that Lord Rama bathed here to purify himself
after killing the demon king Ravana and breaking the curse of Brahmastra (a
powerful weapon). The name "Guptar" translates to "hidden" or "secret," indicating
the hidden nature of Lord Rama's visit to this ghat.

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Religious Importance: Guptar Ghat is considered a sacred place for devotees of

Lord Rama. It is believed that taking a holy dip in the Sarayu River at Guptar Ghat
can cleanse sins and bring spiritual purification. Devotees visit the ghat to offer
prayers and seek blessings.

Ram Ghat Temple: At Guptar Ghat, there is a temple known as Ram Ghat Temple.
The temple is dedicated to Lord Rama and is an important place of worship for his
devotees. The temple attracts a large number of pilgrims who come to offer prayers
and perform religious rituals.

Pilgrimage and Festivals: Guptar Ghat witnesses a significant influx of devotees,

especially during festivals associated with Lord Rama, such as Ram Navami (Lord
Rama's birth anniversary) and Ramayana month celebrations. During these
occasions, the ghat and the temple are beautifully decorated, and special
ceremonies and religious processions take place.

Riverfront Activities: Apart from its religious significance, Guptar Ghat is also a
place where devotees engage in various riverfront activities. Pilgrims often perform
religious rituals, offer prayers, light oil lamps, and release floating diyas (earthen
lamps) into the river as a form of devotion and gratitude.

3.4. Master Plan of Ayodhya 2031

The development area has been prepared for the year 2031. In the Master Plan,
an attempt has been made to develop the physical, economic and community
aspects in a balanced manner. Since the city has a strong religious tourism
potential, the proposals have been made accordingly.

The plan seeks to provide a comprehensive framework for the development of

Ayodhya and its tourism sector. The tourism settlement trend of Ayodhya exerts a
powerful influence on infrastructure and town planning and the use of natural
resources.

3.4.1. Development Direction

For different land uses, it is observed that the development area is moving in three
major directions i.e. towards Lucknow Road, towards Rae Bareli and Sultanpur
Road and towards Ambedkar Nagar Road. Industrial development, commercial

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and institutional development dominate the Lucknow road. Rae Bareli road mix has
seen mixed land-use and residential development over time. Mixed land use and
residential development took place on Ambedkar Nagar Road. Agriculture area is
proposed in 200 meter control area of the airport.

Aodhya has been envisaged to be developed as a world class spiritual city under
the Ayodhya Vision Document 2047. About 5 lakh devotees and migrants have
been projected to come to Ayodhya in the future. To develop Ayodhya as a
world-class spiritual city and for the facilities of tourists and general public coming
to Ayodhya in future, a large number of hotels, dharamshalas, hospitals, parking
facilities, residential projects etc. will be required. For the purpose of fulfilling the
above requirements and for the purpose of ensuring facilities, an increase in the
urbanizable area i.e. urban land use has been proposed, which is 12.85 percent of
the entire Ayodhya development area (873 sq. km). Presently, out of the entire
Ayodhya development area, a master plan of 133 sq km has been prepared.

Table 3.1 Decadal Population Growth

Decadal Population Growth
Year Population Population Change

1961 83,177 -
1971 1,02,835 19,658
1981 1,32,373 29,538
1991 1,65,079 32,706
2001 1,94,122 29,043
2011 2,21,118 26,996
Source: (Census, 2011)

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Map 3.1 Master Plan of Ayodhya 2031

Source: (Authority, 2031)

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3.5. Impact Of Pilgrimage On Housing In Ayodhya

The Government of Uttar Pradesh has undertaken various initiatives to transform
Ayodhya into a modern pilgrimage and tourist destination while preserving its
cultural and religious heritage. Some of the key development projects and
initiatives include:

3.5.1. Ram Mandir Complex

The construction of the grand Ram Mandir (Lord Rama's temple) has been one of
the most significant projects in Ayodhya. The temple complex is being designed to
accommodate large numbers of devotees and showcase the rich architectural
heritage of the region.

3.5.2. Tourism Infrastructure Development

The government has focused on developing tourism infrastructure to cater to the
growing number of pilgrims and tourists visiting Ayodhya. This includes the
construction of guesthouses, hotels, dharamshalas (pilgrim rest houses), and other
accommodation facilities.

3.5.3. Connectivity and Transportation

Efforts have been made to improve connectivity to Ayodhya. The city has
witnessed the expansion of road networks, construction of new bridges, and
development of transportation facilities to ensure easy accessibility for pilgrims and
visitors.

3.5.4. Riverfront Development

Ayodhya is located on the banks of the Sarayu River, and plans have been made
for the development of riverfront areas. This includes creating serene ghats for
pilgrims to perform rituals and enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal of the
riverfront.

3.5.5. Beautification and Urban Renewal

The city's infrastructure and public spaces have been undergoing beautification
and urban renewal initiatives. Parks, gardens, and public spaces have been
developed, creating pleasant areas for visitors and residents.

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3.5.6. Preservation of Heritage

Ayodhya's rich cultural and religious heritage is being preserved and promoted.
Efforts have been made to restore and maintain important heritage structures,
ensuring their long-term sustainability and conservation.

3.6. The Flow of Pilgrims in Ayodhya

The yearly pilgrim flow in Ayodhya varies depending on various factors, including
religious festivals, auspicious occasions, and significant events. Ayodhya is
considered a major pilgrimage destination for devotees of Lord Rama, and the
number of pilgrims visiting the city can be quite substantial during certain times of
the year. Here are some of the key events and festivals that attract pilgrims to
Ayodhya:

Ram Navami: Ram Navami is the annual celebration of Lord Rama's birth
anniversary, which falls on the ninth day of the Hindu month of Chaitra (March-
April). Ayodhya witnesses a significant surge in pilgrim numbers during this time
as devotees gather to participate in the festivities and seek blessings.

Diwali: Diwali, also known as the Festival of Lights, holds great significance in
Ayodhya as it commemorates Lord Rama's return to Ayodhya after his victory over
Ravana. Pilgrims flock to Ayodhya during Diwali to witness the grand celebrations,
lighting of diyas (lamps), and vibrant fireworks displays.

Kartik Purnima: Kartik Purnima, which falls in the Hindu month of Kartik (October-
November), is another auspicious occasion for pilgrims to visit Ayodhya. Devotees
take holy dips in the Sarayu River and participate in religious rituals and
processions during this time.

Chhath Puja: Chhath Puja is a major festival observed in Ayodhya and other parts
of northern India. It is dedicated to the Sun God and involves elaborate rituals and
offerings. Devotees gather at the ghats, including Guptar Ghat and Saryu Ghat, to
offer prayers and make offerings to the rising and setting sun.

Other Festivals and Occasions: Ayodhya attracts pilgrims throughout the year
for various other festivals and occasions associated with Lord Rama and other

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deities. These include Hanuman Jayanti, Navaratri, and the Ramayana month (a
month-long celebration dedicated to the epic Ramayana).

Table 3.2 Growth of Tourists in Ayodhya

YEARLY PILGRIMS FLOW IN AYODHYA

YEAR DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL TOTAL

2015 1,54,32,558 19,077 1,54,51,635

2016 1,54,82,456 20,979 1,55,03,435

2017 1,75,49,633 23,926 1,75,73,559

2018 1,92,17,570 27,043 1,92,44,613

2019 2,01,22,436 26,956 2,01,49,392

Source: (Authority, 2031)

3.6.1. The induced Tourist inflow in Ayodhya

The opening of the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya is expected to have a significant impact
on tourist inflow to the city. Here are a few potential effects:

Increased Pilgrimage Tourism: Ayodhya is already a renowned pilgrimage

destination due to its association with Lord Rama. The construction and opening
of the Ram Mandir are likely to attract a higher number of devotees and pilgrims
from across India and around the world. The temple will serve as a focal point for
religious tourism, leading to an increase in the number of tourists visiting Ayodhya.

Cultural and Heritage Tourism: The Ram Mandir holds immense cultural and
historical significance, not only for devotees but also for individuals interested in
India's rich heritage. The temple's opening is likely to draw tourists who are
interested in experiencing the cultural and architectural marvels associated with
the temple and exploring Ayodhya's historical sites and attractions.

Boost to Infrastructure: The increased tourist inflow after the opening of the Ram
Mandir may necessitate improvements in Ayodhya's infrastructure, including
transportation, accommodation, and visitor facilities. The local authorities and
government may invest in enhancing the city's infrastructure to cater to the growing
number of tourists, resulting in improved amenities and services.

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Map 3.2 Parikrama Marg in Ayodhya

Source: (Kumar, 2017)

Socio-Economic Impact: The rise in tourist footfall can have positive socio-
economic effects on Ayodhya and its local communities. The increased tourism
activity can generate employment opportunities, both directly and indirectly, in
sectors such as hospitality, transportation, handicrafts, and retail. It can contribute
to the local economy and livelihoods of the residents.

Cultural Exchange and Awareness: The opening of the Ram Mandir can serve
as a platform for cultural exchange and promote awareness about Hindu traditions,
mythology, and religious practices. Tourists from different backgrounds and
regions may visit Ayodhya to gain a deeper understanding of Indian culture and
spirituality.

3.7. Advantages for the city

Religious and Cultural Significance: The Ram Mandir holds immense religious and
cultural significance for millions of people in India and around the world. The
construction of the temple will establish Ayodhya as a major pilgrimage destination
and attract a significant number of devotees. This increased religious tourism will
lead to economic growth and development for the city.

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Tourism Boost: Ayodhya is already known for its historical and religious sites
associated with Lord Rama. The construction of the Ram Mandir will further
enhance the tourism potential of the city. Tourists from different parts of the world
will visit Ayodhya to witness the grandeur of the temple and explore the other
attractions in the vicinity. This will result in increased tourist footfall, leading to
economic prosperity for the local community.

Figure 3.11 News Clip of Uttar Pradesh government identifies 1,1100 acre land in
Ayodhya for development

Source: (Times, n.d.)

Infrastructure Development: With the influx of tourists and pilgrims, the construction
of the Ram Mandir is likely to trigger significant infrastructure development in
Ayodhya. The city will see improvements in transportation facilities, road networks,
hotels, guesthouses, restaurants, and other tourist-related infrastructure. This
infrastructure development will not only support the tourism industry but also
enhance the overall quality of life for the residents of Ayodhya.

Employment Opportunities: The construction of the Ram Mandir and the

subsequent increase in tourism will create employment opportunities for the local
population. The hospitality sector, transportation industry, and various other
service-oriented businesses will experience growth, leading to job creation. This
will have a positive impact on the economy and the livelihoods of the residents of
Ayodhya.

Socio-economic Development: The construction of the Ram Mandir will have a

ripple effect on the overall socio-economic development of Ayodhya. The

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increased economic activities, infrastructure development, and employment

opportunities will contribute to the growth of businesses, improve living standards,
and stimulate the local economy. It can also lead to the preservation and promotion

Figure 3.12 News Clip of UP Government allows foreign countries to construct guest
houses for pilgrims

Source: (The Indian Express)

of local arts, crafts, and cultural traditions.

National and International Recognition: The construction of the Ram Mandir will
put Ayodhya on the global map as a significant religious and cultural destination.
The city will gain national and international recognition, attracting attention and
interest from people across different countries and backgrounds. This recognition
can lead to collaborations, investments, and cultural exchanges, fostering a
positive image and promoting Ayodhya's heritage.

3.7.1. Real Estate

Ayodhya has witnessed a significant boost in real estate activity in recent years,
driven by several factors including the Ram Mandir construction and the overall
development and infrastructure plans for the city. Here are some key points
regarding the real estate boom in Ayodhya:

Ram Mandir Development: The construction of the Ram Mandir has sparked
increased interest in Ayodhya, leading to a surge in real estate development.

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Investors, developers, and individuals have shown keen interest in acquiring

properties in and around Ayodhya to capitalize on the growing tourism and religious
significance of the city.

Figure 3.13 News Clip of Ayodhya as a new Real Estate boom

Source: (Gupta, 2021)

Infrastructure Development: Ayodhya has been earmarked for extensive

infrastructure development to support the anticipated increase in tourist inflow. This
includes the improvement of roads, transportation facilities, public amenities, and
the overall cityscape. Infrastructure development acts as a catalyst for real estate
growth, attracting developers and investors to capitalize on the expanding market.

Tourism and Pilgrimage Potential: Ayodhya's status as a prominent pilgrimage

destination has always attracted a steady flow of devotees. With the opening of the
Ram Mandir, the number of tourists and pilgrims visiting the city is expected to rise
significantly. This has created a demand for hotels, guesthouses, and residential
properties to accommodate the increasing number of visitors, leading to a surge in

Figure 3.14 News Clip of Ayodhya turns into a property hotspot

Source: (Sinha, 2022)

real estate development.

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Employment Opportunities: The real estate boom in Ayodhya has not only
contributed to economic growth but also created employment opportunities. The
construction and development activities have generated jobs in the construction
sector, hospitality industry, and related services, providing livelihood options for the
local population.

Investment Potential: The real estate boom in Ayodhya has attracted investors
looking to capitalize on the growth potential of the city. The rising demand for
residential and commercial properties has led to an increase in property prices,
making Ayodhya an attractive destination for real estate investments.

Figure 3.15 News clip of Guest House to be built in Ayodhya

Source: (UDAYAVANI, 2022)

3.7.2. Highway Construction

U.P Govt allows foreign countries to construct guest houses for pilgrims visiting
Ayodhya,12 acres of land have already been earmarked to build guests for
visitors from foreign counties.

• Footfall of 1.2 crore in 2012, Footfall of 2.0 crore in 2019

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• Sapta Puri circuit (these initiatives and developments will help revive the
city back to its lost glory) includes – Haridwar, Dwarka, Kanchipuram,
Ujjain, Varanasi, Mathura, Ayodhya

• ADA has planned to revamp the Nagri - World-class tourist facilities,

Five-star hotels, A revamped railway station to cater to more than 1
lakh visitors a day as well as the Ayodhya International Airport
connecting it to all major cities.

• Ramayana Circuit – Ayodhya, Nandigram, Shringverpur, Chitrakoot,

Sitamarhi, Buxar, Darbhanga, Chitrakoot, Mahendragiri, Jagdalpur,
Nashik, Nagpur, Bhadrachalam., Hampi and Rameswaram.

Figure 3.16 News Clip of New Highway to be built in Ayodhya

•
Source:

• NHAI has undertaken to construct a 65km ring road around town from
Sugriva fort ram mandir which will see a 1,200-acre Vedic township with
ashrams, star category hotels, state Bhawan and Foreign Country
Bhawans, much on the line of the diplomatic area in Delhi.

• From an accommodation perspective, there are plans for Dharamshala to

be constructed at the six entrances on the highway of Ayodhya. These will
be able to cater to 30,000 pilgrims.

• The state government acquire over 1,000 acres of land under section 28
of land acquisition act.

• 1 lakh per day on auspicious occasions like Ram Navami, we are

expecting 15 lakh a day on special occasions once the ram temple is
completed.

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• The greenfield township in majha barhata is coming up on a 12,000-acre

plot at an initial cost of Rs 10,000 crore.

• Over 54 percent of the required land for it has already been arranged.

• It will be a solar city and will have 80 state and international guest
houses, 30 five- and three-star hotels, 30 budget hotels to
accommodate the tourist expected to visit.

• There are 3 Parikrama to be followed in ayodhya that is., 84 miles, 14 miles

and 5 miles.

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CHAPTER – 4
CASE STUDIES

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4. CASE STUDIES
In this chapter, we present a series of case studies to gain a deeper understanding
of the current accommodation options available for pilgrims in Ayodhya. These
case studies provide valuable insights into the strengths, weaknesses, and overall
impact of different housing facilities on the pilgrimage experience. By examining
specific examples, we aim to identify patterns, highlight best practices, and shed
light on areas for improvement in the pilgrim housing sector.

4.1. Case Study Selection Criteria

Map 4.1 Case Study Location

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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Table 4.1 Case study selection criteria

Criteria for selection About
Janaki Mahal Location: Janaki Mahal is establist by the Late
Ashram Trust Near Tourist places Sri Mohan Lalji, run by Trust,
Typology: Ashram beautifull Mandir of Janki Mata &
Facilities: Lord Ram. Many social activities,
• Accommodation area food for poor people, charitable
• Community Kitchen medical facility for poor people
• Hospital managed by Sri Vishwanath
• Temple Murarka.
Age of the structure: 70 years
Birla Dharamshala Location: Birla Dharamshala, situated just 500
Near Tourist places meters away from Ayodhya Railway
Typology: Dharamshala Station, Dharamshala has a total of
Facilities: 3 gates, in which one gate leads to
• Accommodation area the temple, the second gate leads to
• Community Kitchen the garden, and the third gate leads
Age of the structure: 170 years to Dharamshala.
Murari Das Location: -
Ashram (Temple) Near Tourist places
Typology: Ashram + Temple
Facilities:
• Accommodation area
• Temple
Age of the structure: 62 years
Vishwa Shanti Location: Spiritual places such as Ashrams in
Ashram Near Tourist places India are some of the best retreats
Typology: Ashram to help you reconnect with your
Facilities: inner self. This place provide
• Accommodation area meditation sessions,
Age of the structure: 110 years accommodation facilities, and
healthy food options, which help you
rejuvenate your body and mind.
Maharashtra Location: -
Dharamshala Far from tourist places
Typology: Dharamshala
Facilities:
• Accommodation area
Age of the structure: 51 years
Ayodhya Location: -
Omkarnath Near Tourist places
Ashram Typology: Ashram + Temple
Facilities:
• Accommodation area
• Temple
Age of the structure: 180 years
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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4.2. Case Study – 1 Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust

Janaki Mahal ashram trust established by Late Sri Mohan Lalji, run by Trust,
beautifull Mandir of Janki Mata & Lord Ram. Many social activities, food for poor
people, charitable medical facility for poor people managed by Sri Vishwanath
Murarka.

Map 4.2 Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust

JANAKI MAHAL ASHRAM TRUST

Source: (Earth, 2023)

Location - Karsewakpuram, Vasudev Gath, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh

Ayodhya, India, 224123

Table 4.2 Connectivity to Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust

S.NO. Connectivity
1. Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, Lucknow 154 km
2. Railway Station 1.2 km
3. Bus Station 0.8 km
4. Old City 1.2 km
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

Table 4.3 Social Infrastructure Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust

S.NO. Social Infrastructure
1. The Hanuman Garhi 1.3 km
2. Ram Mandir 2.3 km

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3. Tulsi Smarak 1.0 km

4. Naya Ghat 1.4 km

5. Raja Mandir 1.2 km

6. Nageshwarnath Temple 1.5 km

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

Table 4.4 Owners Profile Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust

S.NO. Owner’s Profile
1. Established By Late Sri Mohan Lalji
2. Run By Trust
3. Type Ashram
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

Table 4.5 About owners Profile Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust

S.NO. Land use Residential
1. Typology Ashram with Temple
2. Area 1741 Sq Meter
3. Established Year 1953
4. No. of floors 3
5. Total Room 137
6. Leasable Room 132
7. a) Single room 42
b) Double room 83
c) Deluxe room 7
8. Total Occupancy 375

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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Map 4.3 Plan of Janaki Mahal Ashram Trust

Source: (Footprintsearth.com, n.d.)

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4.3. Case Study – 2 Birla Dharamshala

Map 4.4 Birla Dharamshala

Source: (Earth, 2023)

Location - 24/2, 10, Ayodhya Rd, Sai Nagar, New Colony, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh
224123
Table 4.6 About Birla Dharamshala
S.NO. About
1. Number of Rooms 75
2. Rooms with Toilet 25
3. Size of Room 10 X 10 Sq. ft
a) Single room 10 X 15 Sq. ft
b) Double Room
15 X 20 Sq. ft
c) Dormitory
4. Charges per Night No charges (Only
donation)
5. Disabled Friendly Yes
6. Maintenance cost 5000rs per Month
7. Other Facilities 1 Common Dining
8. Occupancy per Room 1
a) Single room 3
b) Double Room
8
c) Dormitory
9. Sanctioning required Yes
10. Tax Yes
11. Incentive from government Relaxation in tax
(80 G)

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12. License Authority Ayodhya

development
authority
13. Source of Earning Only Donation
14. Permanent Stay Allowed Yes
15. Max Stay Duration No Limit

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

Table 4.7 Birla Dharamshala

S.NO. Land use Residential

1. Typology Dharamshala
2. Area 2261 Sq Meter
3. Established Year 1847
4. No. of floors 1
5. Total Room 75
6. Leasable Room 71
7. a) Single room 7
b) Double room 29
c) Dormitory 35
8. Total Occupancy 374

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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4.4. Case Study – 3 Murari Das Ashram (Temple)

Map 4.5 Murari Das Ashram (Temple)

Source: (Earth, 2023)

Location - Q6W6+GP8, Tulsi baari main street, Karsewakpuram, Ayodhya, Uttar

Pradesh 224123.
Table 4.8 About Murari Das Ashram
S.NO. About

1. Number of Rooms 107

2. Rooms with Toilet 15

3. Size of Room 10 X 12 Sq. ft
a) Double Room 15 X 22 Sq. ft
b) Dormitory
4. Charges per Night No charges (Only
donation)
5. Disabled Friendly Yes
6. Maintenance cost 7500rs per Month
7. Other Facilities 1 temple

8. Occupancy per Room 3

a) Double Room 6
b) Dormitory
9. Sanctioning required Yes
10. Tax Yes
11. Incentive from government Relaxation in tax (80
G)

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12. License Authority Ayodhya development

authority
13. Source of Earning Only Donation
14. Permanent Stay Allowed Yes
15. Max Stay Duration No Limit

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

Table 4.9 Murari Das Ashram

S.NO. Land use Residential
1. Typology Ashram with Temple
2. Area 1204 Sq Meter
3. Established Year 1961
4. No. of floors 3
5. Total Room 107
6. Leasable Room 104
7. a) Double room 44
b) Dormitory
60
8. Total Occupancy 492

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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 CASE STUDIES | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

4.5. Case Study – 4 Vishwa Shanti Ashram

The ashram is dedicated to promoting peace, spirituality, and interfaith harmony.
It serves as a retreat for individuals seeking spiritual growth, meditation, and inner
peace.

Map 4.6 Vishwa Shanti Ashram

Source: (Earth, 2023)

Location - Q6W6+JJJ, Tulsi Badi Main Street, Ram Ghat, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh
224123
Meditation and Spiritual Practices: Vishwa Shanti Ashram offers various
meditation programs, workshops, and retreats focused on different meditation
techniques and spiritual practices. These programs aim to help individuals achieve
mental clarity, inner peace, and spiritual growth.

Interfaith Dialogue and Harmony: The ashram actively promotes interfaith

dialogue and harmony, emphasizing the unity of religions and the importance of
mutual respect and understanding. It hosts discussions, seminars, and events that
bring together individuals from different faiths to foster a sense of shared humanity.

Yoga and Wellness: Vishwa Shanti Ashram may also offer yoga classes and
wellness programs that combine physical postures, breathing exercises, and

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 CASE STUDIES | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

relaxation techniques. These practices contribute to overall well-being and can be

beneficial for both body and mind.

Spiritual Retreats: The ashram organizes spiritual retreats that provide individuals
with a conducive environment for introspection, self-reflection, and spiritual
rejuvenation. Retreat participants may engage in meditation, self-inquiry sessions,
and teachings by spiritual teachers associated with the ashram.

Table 4.10 About Vishwa Shanti Ashram

S.NO About

1. Number of Rooms 24

2. Rooms with Toilet 2

3. Size of Room 15 X 28 Sq. ft

Dormitory

4. Charges per Night No charges (Only

donation)
5. Disabled Friendly Yes

6. Maintenance cost 2000rs per Month

7. Other Facilities 1 Common Room

8. Occupancy per Room 4

Dormitory
9. Sanctioning required Yes

10. Tax Yes

11. Incentive from government Relaxation in tax (80

G)
12. License Authority Ayodhya development
authority
13. Source of Earning Only Donation

14. Permanent Stay Allowed Yes

15. Max Stay Duration No Limit

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

Satsangs and Discourses: Satsangs (spiritual gatherings) and discourses are

frequently conducted at Vishwa Shanti Ashram. Spiritual leaders and teachers may
share their insights, wisdom, and teachings on various aspects of spirituality,
philosophy, and self-realization.

Accommodation Facilities: The ashram may offer modest accommodation

options for individuals who wish to stay on-site. The accommodations are typically

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designed to provide a peaceful and serene environment conducive to spiritual

practices.

Community Service: Vishwa Shanti Ashram may engage in various community

service initiatives, such as providing free meals to the underprivileged, organizing
medical camps, and supporting educational programs for the needy
Table 4.11 Vishwa Shanti Ashram
S.NO. Land use Residential
1. Typology Dharamshala
2. Area 342 Sq Meter
3. Established Year 1911
4. No. of floors 3
5. Total Room 24
6. Leasable Room 22
7. a) Dormitory 22
8. Total Occupancy 88

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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4.6. Case Study – 5 Maharashtra Dharamshala

Map 4.7Maharashtra Dharamshala

Source: (Earth, 2023)

Location - Near Ayodhya Railway Station Road, Raiganj, Uttar Pradesh 224123
Table 4.12 About Maharashtra Dharamshala
S.NO About
1. Number of Rooms 44
2. Rooms with Toilet 6
3. Size of Room 10 X 11 Sq. ft
a) Double Room 18 X 28 Sq. ft
b) Dormitory
4. Charges per Night No charges (Only
donation)
5. Disabled Friendly Yes

6. Maintenance cost 4000rs per Month

7. Other Facilities 1 Gaushala

8. Occupancy per Room 3
a) Double Room 8
b) Dormitory
9. Sanctioning required Yes

10. Tax Yes

11. Incentive from government Relaxation in tax (80
G)

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12. License Authority Ayodhya

development
authority
13. Source of Earning Only Donation

14. Permanent Stay Allowed Yes

15. Max Stay Duration No Limit

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

Table 4.13 Connectivity Maharashtra Dharamshala

S.NO Land use Residential
1. Typology Dharamshala
2. Area 542 Sq Meter
3. Established Year 1972
4. No. of floors 3
5. Total Room 44
6. Leasable Room 42
7. a) Double room 7
b) Dormitory
35
8. Total Occupancy 301

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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4.7. Case Study – 6 Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram (Temple)

The Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram is a renowned spiritual and religious institution
located in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. Founded by revered spiritual leader
Swami Omkarnath Ji Maharaj, the ashram serves as a place of worship,
meditation, and spiritual guidance for devotees.

Map 4.8 Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram (Temple)

Source: (Earth, 2023)

Location - R635+MFQ, Rani Bazar Colony, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 224123

The ashram holds significant importance in the spiritual landscape of Ayodhya and
attracts pilgrims and spiritual seekers from various parts of India and abroad. It
offers a tranquil and serene environment where visitors can engage in meditation,
prayer, and self-reflection.

Key Features and Offerings of Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram:

Spiritual Teachings: The ashram provides spiritual teachings and discourses,

following the principles and teachings of Swami Omkarnath Ji Maharaj. Visitors
can attend satsangs (spiritual gatherings), lectures, and discussions to deepen

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their understanding of spirituality and learn practical techniques for personal

growth.

Meditation and Yoga: The ashram offers meditation and yoga sessions to help
individuals attain inner peace, harmony, and spiritual growth. These practices aim
to cultivate mindfulness, improve mental and physical well-being, and deepen
spiritual connection.

Religious Rituals and Ceremonies: The ashram conducts daily prayers, bhajans
(devotional songs), and aarti (ritual of worship) following Hindu traditions. Devotees
can actively participate in these ceremonies and seek blessings.

Spiritual Guidance: Visitors have the opportunity to seek guidance and

counseling from the resident spiritual teachers or gurus. They provide insights into
spiritual matters, offer solutions to life challenges, and guide individuals on their
spiritual path.

Table 4.14 About Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram

S.NO. About

1. Number of Rooms 98

2. Rooms with Toilet 11

3. Size of Room 10 X 10 Sq. ft
a) Double Room 15 X 20 Sq. ft
b) Dormitory

4. Charges per Night No charges (Only

donation)
5. Disabled Friendly Yes
6. Maintenance cost 4000rs per Month
7. Other Facilities 1 Temple

8. Occupancy per Room 3

a) Double Room 6
b) Dormitory
9. Sanctioning required Yes
10. Tax Yes
11. Incentive from government Relaxation in tax (80
G)
12. License Authority Ayodhya
development
authority

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13. Source of Earning Only Donation

14. Permanent Stay Allowed Yes
15. Max Stay Duration No Limit

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

Accommodation Facilities: The ashram provides modest accommodation

facilities for pilgrims and visitors who wish to stay and immerse themselves in the
ashram's spiritual atmosphere. The accommodations are typically simple and in
line with the principles of simplicity and renunciation.

Community Service: The ashram actively engages in various social and

humanitarian activities as part of its service to society. These initiatives may include
free medical camps, educational programs, and support for the underprivileged.

Spiritual Retreats and Workshops: Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram organizes

spiritual retreats and workshops on specific themes, such as mindfulness, self-
realization, and spiritual awakening. These programs allow participants to deepen
their spiritual practices and learn from experienced teachers and practitioners.

Table 4.15 Details of Ayodhya Omkarnath Ashram

S.NO. Land use Residential
1. Typology Ashram
2. Area 1247 Sq Meter
3. Established Year 1842
4. No. of floors 3
5. Total Room 98
6. Leasable Room 87
7. a) Double room 25
b) Dormitory
62
8. Total Occupancy 447

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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4.8. Case Study Comparison

Table 4.16 Case Study Comparison
Case Study 1 Case Study 2 Case Study 3 Case Case Study 5 Case Study
Study 4 6
Janaki mahal Birla Murari das Vishwa Maharashtra Ayodhya
ashram trust Dharamshal ashram shanti Dharamshal omkarnath
a (temple) ashram a ashram
(temple)
Location Karsewakpuram 24/2, 10, Q6W6+GP8, Q6W6+JJJ Near R635+MFQ
, Vasudev Gath, Ayodhya Rd, Tulsi baari main , Tulsi Badi Ayodhya , Rani Bazar
Sai Nagar, street, Main Railway Colony,
New Colony Karsewakpura Street, Station road,
m Ram Ghat, Raiganj,
Connectivity 1.3 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.4 1.9
(Ram ki Paidi)
Typology Ashram Dharamshala Ashram with Ashram Dharamshala Ashram
temple With
Temple
Land use Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential
Area 1741 sq.m 2261 sq.m 1204 sq.m 342 sq.m 542 sq.m 1247 sq.m
Establishmen 1953 1847 1961 1911 1972 1842
t year
No. of floors 3 1 3 3 3 3
Total room 137 75 107 24 44 98
Rooms on 132 71 104 22 42 87
Rents
Single room 42 7 44 22 7 25
Double room 83 29 60 35 62
Deluxe room 7 35
Tariff : Free Free Free Free Free Free
Occupancy 375 374 492 88 301 447
Rate
Inferences One of the best One of the Temple is within The Basic facilities Many
ashram for oldest the ashram ashram is along with pilgrims
pilgrims in Dharamshala complex and devoted to food is from all over
ayodhya with where many people worship pilgrims provided the states
better facilities, pilgrims are inside the and where As this come here
good staying here temple. They they can Dharamshala to stay
infrastructure from 16 years. remain here and stay, eat is very old and during their
and proper All the served the and live maintenance pilgrimage
managing staff facilities are ashram and their life is not so good around the
where free well temple for their happily. and also lacks India and no
medical maintained whole life for the The in structure charge is
consultation with proper true devotion pilgrims and other taken from
along with food infrastructure towards god. also facilities as them and all
is provided to facilities and maintained compared to the facilities
pilgrims. managing the other facilties. are
staff. gaushala

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inside the provided to

ashram. them.

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

4.9. Conclusion
a) Diverse Accommodation Options: Providing a range of accommodation options is
crucial to cater to the varied needs and preferences of pilgrims. Offering a mix of
budget-friendly options, guesthouses, dharamshalas, and higher-end hotels allows
pilgrims to choose accommodations that suit their budget and requirements.

b) Accessibility and Inclusivity: Ensuring accessibility for all individuals, including the
elderly, differently-abled, and those with special requirements, is essential.
Accommodation facilities should be designed with accessibility features such as
ramps, elevators, and appropriate signage to provide a comfortable and inclusive
experience for all pilgrims.

c) Community Involvement: Engaging and involving local communities in the

development and management of pilgrim accommodations fosters a sense of
ownership and promotes a more authentic and culturally rich experience.
Collaborating with local stakeholders, religious organizations, and community
groups can help create a sense of belonging and enhance the overall pilgrimage
experience.

d) Sustainable Infrastructure Solutions: Incorporating sustainable practices in the

design and operation of pilgrim accommodations is vital. This includes using
renewable energy sources, implementing water conservation measures, adopting
waste management systems, and using eco-friendly construction materials to
minimize the environmental impact and promote sustainability.

e) Technology Integration: Leveraging technology, such as online booking platforms

and mobile applications, streamlines the reservation process and enhances the
overall efficiency and convenience for pilgrims. Online platforms can provide real-
time information, enable easy bookings, and facilitate better communication
between pilgrims and accommodation providers.

f) Safety and Security Measures: Implementing robust safety and security measures
within pilgrim accommodations is crucial to ensure the well-being of visitors. CCTV
surveillance, emergency response systems, and trained security personnel help
create a secure environment and instill confidence among pilgrims.

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 CASE STUDIES | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

CHAPTER – 5
ISSUES AND POTENTIALS

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 5.
Table 5.1 Case Study Level Issues and Potentials
Case Study 1 Case Study 2 Case Study 3 Case Study 4 Case Study 5 Case Study 6
Aspect JANAKI BIRLA MURARI VISHWA MAHARASHTRA AYODHYA
MAHAL DHARAMSHALA DAS SHANTI DHARAMSHALA OMKARNATH
ASHRAM ASHRAM ASHRAM ASHRAM
TRUST (TEMPLE) (TEMPLE)
Infrastructure Issue No provisions There are no fire The room's The Dilapidated and old There is no
for fire safety. safety preventative ventilation is maintenance of structure. connection of
as per 7.9.11 measures as per inadequate. the electrical Ventilation is not water supply from
and 7.24.a 7.9.11 and 7.24.a a Since water is equipment is proper inside the municipal board
(mohua) (mohua) only provided poor. room. hence they are
Water supply is The electrical during four inadequate No common spaces dependent on
not sufficient equipment needs hours per day, handling of and open areas. ground water.
during the peak better maintenance. there is not garbage Washrooms are not There is no rain
time as water is enough water disposal. well maintained. water harvesting
supplied for supply during pits.

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

only 4 hours the peak time.
during the day.
ISSUES AND POTENTIALS

Lack of
management to
5.1.1. Case study level issues and potentials

dispose
garbage.
Electrical
fixtures are not
well
maintained.
Problem Diseases are caused by lack of awareness about garbage disposal
Lack of awareness causes electricity wastages which causes costly maintenance.
Potential There is potential for providing Water can be On campus Recycled water can Infrastructure can
adequate infrastructure. recycled and waste be utilised in be upgraded.
Fire safety norms can be incorporated. reused. segregation washrooms.
can be
implemented
ISSUES AND POTENTIALS | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

68
 Parking Issue No provision for parking
Problem ---- Limited space
Potential Vacant spaces can be used for parking ----
Health Issue The quality of water is not Inadequate water No filtered water is Due to the use The toilets are not Unmaintained open
adequate, hence it leads to leading towards provided for drinking. of the outdated well maintained as spaces encourage
diseases. illness. pit toilet they are using the harmful diseases.
Open spaces are not method, old pit toilet Absence of first aid
maintained hence it lead to washrooms are technique. facilities.
harmful diseases not adequately
Absence of first aid maintained.
facilities.
No medical room.
Problem Quality of ground water is depleting. Sanitation practices are unhygienic
Potential First aid facilities can be Water can be filtered and used for drinking. Temporary Toilets can undergo Well utilisation of
provided toilets cane be regular open spaces can be
installed. maintenance. done
Safety and Issue Lack of security Lack of proper Registers are not In case of fire Registration Campus is not

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

Security surveillance Campus is security check. well maintained. there is no process is old and enclosed by walls
accessible to everyone. There is no fixed Lack of security evictions plans. outdated. and fences.
hours for entry and during the odd hours. No signages
exit. are provided
inside the
campus
Problem • Since there is temple nobody is prohibited to enter.
• The intent of Dharamshala is not served.
Potential Proper surveillance can be Fixed schedule cane Registration method Prover eviction Websites and Surveillance can be
done be maintained for and websites can be plan and registration increased.
entry and exit. updated. signages can procedures can be
be installed updated.
ISSUES AND POTENTIALS | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

69
 Structure Issue Infrastructure is Unhygienic toilets The condition is The structures Dilapidated The size of the
deteriorating due to Lack The infrastructure problematic are not structure. rooms and the
of modern technology does not meet the because the sufficient to Hazardous building are
needs of the people construction cater huge situation due to insufficient to
today. materials are over population. the old material serve the
50 plus years old. population.
Problem The structures are old and dilapidated
Lack of proper open and green spaces.
Potential ---- Proper use of
spaces can be done.
Miscellaneous Issue •No financial aid from government
•Funds from NGO are not sufficient to maintain.
•Highly maintenance due to old structures.
•Lack of supervision from the managing authorities.
•The stays are only operational in the peak season and rest of the year it remain unoccupied leading towards unused property.

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

•No provisions for physically disabled people.
Problem • Maintenance cost is high
• The property is vacant during the off season.
Potential Alternate source of earning can be introduced
• Maintenance cost can be minimised
• During off season vacant spaces can be rented out.
• Open spaces can be rented out for generating secondary income.
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey
ISSUES AND POTENTIALS | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

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5.1.2. City level issues and potentials

Table 5.2 City Level Issues and Potentials

Problems Potentials

City level

• The city is highly undeveloped and lack

of basic facilities and pilgrimage/tourist
• Tourism is one sector that the city
places the spot like tulsi udhyan , kanak
administration can tap for generating
bhawan and Saryu river ghat are highy
economy. Because of the religious
undeveloped.
significance of the place, a large number
• There is no permanent ghat in city.
of tourists will always be visiting the city.
• All pilgrims activity held in the old area of
• Potential for river front development.
the city due to this Lot of congestion take
• The positive feature of Ayodhya is that
place
large parcels of vacant lands are
• The abnormally high density within the
available and currently the densities are
inner city has led to unhygienic living
low, except for the core of old city.
conditions and is a potential health
• NH-27 provides a direct link with
hazard.
Gorakhpur . The city lies on Delhi-Calcutta
• There is a big problem of transport and
rail route of Eastern Railways. Ayodhya
network. NH 330 crosses the city near
has an upcoming airport and it can be
ram ki paidi ghat. This leads to the
revived for public soon.
unwanted entry of heavy vehicles within
the city.

Transport

• NH 330 crosses the Ram ki Paidi ghats.

This leads to the unwanted entry of heavy
vehicles and pilgrims, within the city and
• There are Hierarchies of roads and it is
creates accident-prone area
very positive potential and can stop the
throughout the stretch.
unwanted traffic from the NH 330 and
• No transport facility within the ghat and
proper traffic flow can be maintained.
ram ki paidi area
• There is no proper signage at different
places indicating the routes.

Parking

• There are two huge parking areas but it

is very far from the residing place or Ghats
• There are many roads and private
area without parking layout.
vehicles are allowed to carry up till the
• Private vehicles can be carried up till the
Ghats and campus so public vehicles can
campus or near the bathing ghats due to
also be carried till the residing place or
this overcrowding & traffic congestion
ghat.
in ghat and ram ki paidi area. And there
is no parking space in ghats area.

Pilgrimage places and Pilgrims

• No permanent bathing Ghat along the • Potential for Riverfront development

banks of river Saryu. and Permanent ghat on the Saryu river.
• Pilgrims are left on the mercy of boatmen • There should be policy for the pilgrims
and pujaris. & owner of the campus, boatman etc.
• There's NO hotel anyway near the ram • There is lots of land available near ground
ki paidi and Saryu ghat, where you can and it needs proper planning so new
stay. authority will be allotted land and proper
• Any new organisation will not be allotted distribution of land will be done.
land and other amenities. • There has to be a policy for all the
• No proper distribution of land among the category of the pilgrims and sadhu’s .
sadhu’s and other organization. • Facilities can be provided according to
• Facilities like tent, land etc is not provided the economy of the pilgrims.
by government to the Pilgrims. Due to this • There can be arrangements for VIP tents.
organizations, sadhu's earn money from • Positive feature is that large no. of vacant
the Pilgrims and they charge extra money. land is available in ram ki paidi area.

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Problems Potentials

City level

• There are no extra tents for the pilgrims

during peak time that is in bathing day
festivals.

Water Supply

• Adequate water for pilgrims only, it needs

• Distribution of water supply is bad. The to be maintain and distribute properly in all
quality of water is not good, sandy areas. Outdoor water must be treated
water is supplied. If need of extra before using because it has
connection then have to pay extra money. contaminated by disposal of waste water
directly into the river.

Sanitation

• For the sanitation facilities there are many • There has been proposal of sewerage
units in the campus but that are not treatment plant in Amani Bagh and seven
enough during the peak rush hour And other sewerage plant, so waste water
non usable. must be treated before disposal in river.
• All black water dumps in a temporary pit • There are temporary pits and it
during the festive season for 45 days. And decomposes by the help of chemicals.
decompose there by chemical but 65% • There is sewerage treatment plant in
waste water direct run off in river. amani bagh area adjacent to river. This
• 11 lavatory units provide in the ram ghat waste water must be treated further
and Saryu river area in different places. before it can be safely disposed off.
But that is not enough due to huge influx • Realignment and up gradation of existing
of pilgrims lead to open defecation. nallas.

Garbage Disposal

• The traditional method of garbage

disposal is being followed due to lack of • At present the waste is being dumped on
awareness in pilgrims as they throw the open land near the Saryu ghat area near
garbage on the Ground. Many acres of Saryu setu. A 10-acre land has been
ghat and river land were destroyed to identified in ramghat halt and 10-acre land
erosion as a result of solid waste has been identified in ayodhya bypass
management. chauraha for the dumping of solid waste.
• Contamination due improper There are large parcel of land in outer part
management of municipal solid waste of the city.
management and due to Unscientific and • There are many authorities to aware
illegal disposal of hazardous wastes in the pilgrims for anti polyethene drive.
environment.

Electricity

• Electricity supplied on only 6 am to 8 am • Proper electricity distribution system can

in morning and 8 pm to 10 pm in evening be maintained for the pilgrims during the
for pilgrims in tent. day and night.

Accommodation

• There is potential for redevelopment of

• The current housing structures are old
housing structures for upgrading the
and dilapidated, poorly maintained, lack
quality of life and improving the housing
basic facilities and are not habitable.
condition.

Health

• Contaminated water supply and • There are adequate no of hospital and first
adulterated food stuff. aid for the pilgrims.
• As there are hundreds of vendors roaming • The Regional Research Centre (Unani)
in and around ghat area, and selling food under Central organized a special health
stuff (including unclean drinking water), camp-cum-exhibition.

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Problems Potentials

City level

there seems to be no check on food • There have been significant changes,

materials or stuff and source of water. even upstream. Motor boats were
• Untreated water from festive season & city stationed to transport the dead, and
nullahs flowing into Ganga. cremations were carried out to prevent
• There is still no electric crematorium in the pollution in the Ghat area.
city and cremation ghat at dashavar ghat
and ram ki paidi are the worst polluted
areas.

Safety and Security

• There are lots of security arrangements

• There are many security measures in
but still certain areas act as a crime spots
place for pilgrims, but they must be
and lead to various anti social activities
managed properly.
such as theft, robbery.
• Mock drill to check security arrangement
• Lack of security check and management,
for events.
unwanted people come in the events
• Proper layout planning need to be done
during peak time like ram Navami, Deep
for the events. No area left.
Mahotsav and Diwali.
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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CHAPTER – 6
RECOMENDATIONS

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 RECOMMENDATIONS | HOUSING FOR PILGRIMS IN AYODHYA

6. RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the research Figure 5.1 Procedure for Recommendation

conducted in this thesis, the

recommendations are
proposed for enhancing
housing for pilgrims in
Ayodhya.

Policies to achieve
development and social
integration will be evolved
around six broad areas
Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey
➢ Action Points
Pertaining to
Hospitality of Pilgrims /Tourists (Swagat)

➢ Action Points Pertaining to Information Dissemination (Soochna)

➢ Action Points Pertaining to Facilitation (Suvidha)

➢ Action Points Pertaining to Safety and Security (Suraksha)

➢ Action Points Pertaining to Co-operation (Sahyog)

➢ Action Points Pertaining to Infrastructure Provisions (Smarachana)

Overall Recommendation

a) Increase Accommodation Capacity: Expand the overall accommodation

capacity in Ayodhya to cater to the growing number of pilgrims. This can be
achieved through the construction of new lodging facilities, including hotels,
guesthouses, and dharamshalas (pilgrim rest houses).

b) Improve Infrastructure and Amenities: Upgrade the existing housing

infrastructure by focusing on amenities such as clean and comfortable rooms,
hygienic bathrooms, reliable water supply, electricity backup, and Wi-Fi
connectivity. Enhance the overall infrastructure to provide a safe and pleasant stay
for pilgrims.

c) Diversify Accommodation Options: Offer a variety of accommodation options to

suit the preferences and budgets of different pilgrims. This can include budget-

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friendly dormitories, mid-range hotels, luxury resorts, and traditional Ashrams,

allowing pilgrims to choose based on their needs and affordability.

d) Enhance Accessibility and Inclusivity: Ensure that the accommodation facilities

are accessible to all, including people with disabilities and elderly pilgrims.
Implement appropriate infrastructure modifications, such as ramps, elevators, and
accessible rooms, to accommodate diverse pilgrim needs.

e) Foster Community Involvement: Encourage the participation of local

communities in providing pilgrim housing. This can be achieved through
community-based homestays, where local residents offer rooms in their homes for
pilgrims. This not only provides additional accommodation options but also
promotes a sense of cultural exchange and authenticity

f) Establish Pilgrim Welfare Committees: Form dedicated committees comprising

representatives from local authorities, tourism departments, religious institutions,
and pilgrim associations to oversee the management and maintenance of pilgrim
housing facilities. These committees can ensure regular inspections, address
grievances, and maintain quality standards.

g) Emphasize Sustainability: Integrate sustainable practices into pilgrim housing,

such as energy-efficient systems, waste management initiatives, and water
conservation measures. Encourage the use of eco-friendly materials in
construction and promote awareness among pilgrims about responsible tourism
practices.

h) Utilize Technology and Online Booking Platforms: Develop an online booking

system or mobile application that allows pilgrims to reserve accommodations in
advance. This digital platform can provide real-time information on availability,
pricing, and reviews, improving convenience and reducing the chances of
fraudulent practices.

i) Housing for Pilgrims In Ayodhya Foster collaborations between the government,

private sector, and non-profit organizations to develop and maintain pilgrim
housing facilities. Public-private partnerships can bring together expertise,
resources, and innovation to create sustainable and well-managed
accommodation options.

j) Conduct Regular Training and Skill Development: Provide training programs

for staff working in pilgrim housing facilities, focusing on customer service, hygiene

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standards, first aid, and cultural sensitivity. This will ensure that the staff is well-
equipped to cater to the diverse needs of pilgrims and provide a memorable
experience.

Table 6.1 Recommendation for Housing for Pilgrims in Ayodhya

Aspect Recommendations Outcome

Current Situation Proposal
Physical Policy aim for development, There is no norms and Eco-Friendly and clean
Planning should be more specific. standards for shelters and Pilgrimage in Ayodhya with
facilities in the Ayodhya city. proper norms and standards for
shelter and facilities
Land Policy for acquiring land, There is around 1650 Vacant 1650 hectares of land can
renting and leasing should hectares of vacant land is be utilised for creating temporary
be modified. available near Ram Mandir and structures for pilgrims
Sri Ram Statue. accommodation.
Accommodation Vacant housing stock can Current Housing stock is not Temporary Structures can be
be calculated for sufficient to fulfil the build on vacant land near Ram
accommodating the requirements of Pilgrims and Mandir, outskirts of city and farm
pilgrims and old housing current housing condition is land and redevelopment can be
structures can be identified. not upto the mark. done for old and dilapidated
structures.
Temporary Policy for the pilgrims & No arrangements for Sufficient number of tent will be
Structures owners of the campus. temporary shelters for the provided by maintaining the
pilgrims as city lacks housing quality of tent and according to
accommodation. the economy of pilgrims.
Transportation Hierarchy of roads can be Private vehicle's are allowed till Proposal of eco friendly
used to maintain the traffic the ghat areas, making Rickshaw in the city by
coming inside the city. unwanted traffic jam in the upgrading the road network and
city and condition of road is also controlling the unwanted
also not good. traffic.
Parking Proper parking spaces can No Proper dedicated parking Two multilevel car parkings are
be provided along the space are there in the city. built in Amaniganj and Ayodhya
pilgrims sites. bypass.
Infrastructure RO can be installed in There is no scarcity of Treatment of water can be done
each tube well and ground water but the quality of before drinking and directly run
periodic checking of water water is bad. off of waste water can be stopped
quality. in the river.
The vision is to create a Shortage of toilet units and Clean toilets will be provided and
healthy and hygienic quality of toilet tent unit is also improve the quality of toilet tents
environment by providing a very bad. by providing public Eco-toilets
sewerage network and connecting them to the
coverage that covers the sewerage network.
entire area
The stress on the There is no proper pucca Box type drainage network will
environment can be nala’s and proper sewage be developed and the remaining
reduced by creating new system is not there in the city, stretch of all the Nala’s will be
sewage treatment plant. so all the waste get dumped in made pucca
the river Saryu.

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Aspect Recommendations Outcome

Current Situation Proposal
Development of solid waste At present the waste is being A 10-acre land has been
management dumped on open land in identified near Naya Ghat area
organizational structure Naya Ghat area near Saryu for the dumping of solid waste
and better trained solid river Setu, near Saryu Pollution
waste management Board areas and Naya Ghat
personnel areas.
Construction of new sub- The Electrical wires in the Proposed works include both
stations at Naya Ghat and city are old. The capacity of temporary as well as permanent.
also laying new electricity the substation is also Permanent works would include
cables while old cables overloaded. augmenting capacity of sub-
would be strengthened stations.
The city vying for an eco- There is no proper health and Health and medical department
friendly and clean medical facilities being will provide for round-the-clock
hygienic environment provided to the pilgrims and cleanliness and prevention of
there is no check-up points for contagious diseases.
them as well.
Safety & Security Launching of campaigns There is no safety and Installation of mobile police
through local bodies, non- security for pilgrims in the vans and long range CCTV’s to
governmental city as there is no police booth patrol the areas that witness
organizations, and youth and mobile police vans in the heavy pilgrim's footfall.
centers to create city.
awareness
Environment Action plan will be there to The direct runoff of the water Pollution Control Unit of the Jal
create large scale in the river should be Nigam has proposed a new
awareness to involve local stopped as it is degrading the STP near Ghat area
people against environment.
environmental pollution
Institutional: Models like Public-private There are no activities going Public Private Partnerships to
Authorities partnership should be inside the city through develop and maintain these
explored for developing the public-private partnership pilgrimage/tourist destinations
city. and all the load is on the will be explored.
authority only.
Finance Subsidies on the land All Financing is through the Provision of loans on
allotment for pilgrims’ State government only and Liberalized terms and
shelter, so to encourage there is no other financing conditions to private bodies/
the interested parties/trusts authority. Trust to construct pilgrim's
to construct more hotels accommodation
and Dharamshala's

Source: Singh, Aditya Kumar (2023), Primary Survey

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7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Authority, A. D. (2031). Ayodhya Master Plan.

Ayodhya Verdict Key Highlights: Ram Lalla gets disputed site. (2019, Nov 9).
Retrieved from Mirror Online:
https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/ayodhya-verdict-key-
highlights-ram-lalla-gets-disputed-site-sunni-wakf-board-to-get-5-acres-of-
land/articleshow/71981300.cms

Census. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.censusindia.co.in/towns/ayodhya-

population-faizabad-uttar-pradesh-801109

Earth, G. (2023). Google Earth. Retrieved from

https://earth.google.com/web/search/Ayodhya,+Uttar+Pradesh/@26.78977
52,82.19916785,121.52423466a,10375.91237526d,35y,0h,45t,0r/data=Co
EBGlcSUQolMHgzOTlhMDc5MzdlNmQyODIzOjB4NWZjOGY2ODNiMTd
mMjIyYhnZrtAHy8o6QCEKOaVyyYxUQCoWQXlvZGh5YSwgVXR0YXIgU
HJhZGVzaBgCIAE

Footprintsearth.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://footprintsearth.com/projects/institutes/jesada-ashram.html

Gupta, M. D. (2021, June 23). Ayodhya is UP's New Real estate boom. The Print.

India, M. o. (2021, Aug 05). Retrieved from Maps of India:

https://www.mapsofindia.com/india/where-is-ayodhya.html

Kumar, S. a. (2017). Rationales for inscribing “The Heritage sites, Riverfront and
Pilgrimages Routes of Ayodhya” in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Research gate.

Shaini, K. S. (2021, April 21). Ayodhya to become a “world-class tourist attraction”.

Retrieved from Disha News.

Sinha, R. (2022, July 22). Ayodhya: TEmple town turns into a property hotspot.
HOUSING.com.

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ThadanI, M. (2022, Oct 4). Hotelivate. Retrieved from https://hotelivate.com/hotel-

development/ayodhya-the-pilgrim-city/

The Indian Express. (n.d.). UP govt allows foregin countries to construct guest
houses for Pilgrims.

Times, T. E. (n.d.).

UDAYAVANI. (2022, Aug 9). Guest House to built in Ayodhya. Ayodhya.

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CHAPTER – 7
ANNEXURE

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8. ANNEXURES
1. Questionnaire 1 - Format Dharamshala/ Ashrams manager
Purpose of survey - To get the number of Dharmshala as housing options for short-
and long-Term Pilgrimages.

1. Name of the Dharamshala/Ashram

2. Year of Establishment

3. No of rooms?

4. No of toilets?

5. Size of rooms?

6. Charges per night

7. No. of floors.

8. Disabled friendly

9. Maintenance cost per month?

10. Any other facilities provided to the visitors apart from accommodation?

11. Occupancy per room (single, double etc.).

12. Do you think the no. of rooms are sufficient enough in the dharmshala/ ashram.

13. Any permission required

14. Sanctioned of drawing required

15. License required from any authority?

16. Any incentives given by government or organization?

17. Approval time

18. Land time and history?

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Section-Pilgrimage

1. Purpose of visit

2. Duration of their stay -

3. Average no of visitors per day/ month

4. No. of visitor during peak seasons?

5. income profile of the visitors

6. Cater to total visitors?

7. No of foreign visitors (if any) -

8. Time of their visit

Section-Government

1. Do you pay any tax

2. any help by govt. during festival and fairs

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2. Questionnaire 2 - Survey Format- Rental Housing

Profile of Owner

1. Owner of this property.

2. Type of property

3. Renting the property on permanent basis/ temporary basis

4. Purpose of renting.

5. Is they have any other property in Varanasi -

6. Native place of owner (if any)

7. Do you pay any property or any tax to govt.?

8. Any permission required

9. Sanctioned of drawing required

10. License required from any authority?

11. Any incentives given by government or organization?

12. Approval time

13. Land time and history?

Tenant

1. if the tenant, then from where do you originally belong -

2. purpose of staying

3. How many years have you been living here? -

4. Rent per month

5. Maintenance cost per month?

6. Any other facilities provided to the tenants apart from accommodation?

7. Water bill8. Electricity bill

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3. Thesis Sheets

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4. Plagiarism Report

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