Block-4 - Environmental Standards
Block-4 - Environmental Standards
Block-4 - Environmental Standards
THE PEOPLE'S
UNIVERSITY Environmental Law
Indira Gandhi National Open University
School of Interdisciplinary and and Management
Trans-disciplinary Studies
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS 4
MEV-003
Environmental Law
Indira Gandhi National Open University and Management
School of Interdisciplinary and
Trans-disciplinary Studies
Block
4
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
UNIT 1
Environmental Design 5
UNIT 2
Environmental Management System Standards 22
UNIT 3
EMS Standards ISO 14000 38
UNIT 4
Environmental Labeling 58
PROGRAMME DESIGN AND EXPERT COMMITTEE
Dr. (Ms.) Shyamala Mani Dr. Rachna Agarwal Dr. Sushmitha Baskar Dr. Deeksha Dave
Professor, National Institute of School of Vocational Education Environmental Studies Environmental Studies, School
Urban Affairs (NIUA) India Habitat and Training, Indira Gandhi School of Interdisciplinary and of Interdisciplinary and Trans-
Centre New Delhi National Open University, Trans-disciplinary Studies disciplinary Studies,
New Delhi Indira Gandhi National Open Indira Gandhi National Open
Prof. R. Baskar University, New Delhi University, New Delhi
Department of Environmental Prof. Daizy R Batish
Science & Engineering, Guru Department of Botany, Panjab Prof. Ruchika Kuba Dr. Shubhangi Vaidya
Jambheshwar University of University, Chandigarh School of Health Sciences, Indira School of Interdisciplinary and
Science & Technology, Hisar Gandhi National Open University, Trans-disciplinary Studies, Indira
Haryana Prof. M. Krishnan New Delhi Gandhi National Open University
Vice Chancellor, Madurai Kamraj New Delhi
Prof. H.J. Shiva Prasad University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu Prof. Nandini Sinha Kapur
Professor of Civil Engineering School of Interdisciplinary and Dr. Y.S.C. Khuman
College of Technology, G.B. Pant Dr. Chirashree Ghosh Trans-disciplinary Studies, School of Interdisciplinary and
University of Agriculture & Technology Department of Environmental Indira Gandhi National Open Trans-disciplinary Studies, Indira
Pant Nagar, Uttarakhand Studies, University of Delhi, University, New Delhi Gandhi National Open University
New Delhi New Delhi
Dr. T.K. Joshi Dr. Shachi Shah
Director, Occupational & Mr. Ravi Agarwal Environmental Studies, Dr. Sadananda Sahoo
Environmental Programme, Centre Director, Toxic Link, Jangpura School of Interdisciplinary and School of Interdisciplinary and
for Occupational & Environmental Extension, New Delhi Trans-disciplinary Studies Trans-disciplinary Studies, Indira
Health, Maulana Azad Medical Indira Gandhi National Open Gandhi National Open University
Prof. Jaswant Sokhi New Delhi
College, New Delhi School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, New Delhi
Prof. Nilima Srivastava National Open University, Dr. V. Venkat Ramanan
School of Gender and Development New Delhi Environmental Studies
Studies, Indira Gandhi National Dr. B. Rupini School of Interdisciplinary and
Open University, New Delhi Environmental Studies, School Trans-disciplinary Studies
of Interdisciplinary and Trans- Indira Gandhi National Open
Prof. S.K. Yadav University, New Delhi
School of Agriculture disciplinary Studies, Indira Gandhi
Indira Gandhi National Open National Open University,
University, New Delhi New Delhi
PROGRAMME COORDINATORS
Dr. B. Rupini Dr. Sushmitha Baskar Prof. Ruchika Kuba
Environmental Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies, School of School of Health Sciences,
and Trans-disciplinary Studies, Indira Gandhi Interdisciplinary and Trans-disciplinary Studies, Indira Gandhi National Open
National Open University, New Delhi Indira Gandhi National Open University, University, New Delhi
New Delhi
FORMAT EDITORS
Dr. B. Rupini Dr. Sushmitha Baskar
Environmental Studies, School of Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies, School of Interdisciplinary and Trans-
and Trans-disciplinary Studies, Indira Gandhi disciplinary Studies, Indira Gandhi National Open University,
National Open University, New Delhi New Delhi
Secretarial/Technical Assistance: Ms. Sonali, SOITS, IGNOU, New Delhi; Mr. Vikram, SOITS, IGNOU, New Delhi
PRINT PRODUCTION
Mr. S. Burman Mr. Y. N. Sharma Mr. Sudhir
Deputy Registrar (P), IGNOU, New Delhi Asst. Registrar (P), IGNOU, New Delhi Section Officer (P) IGNOU, New Delhi
February, 2019
Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2019
ISBN: 987-93-88498-
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BLOCK 4 INTRODUCTION
Block 4 deals with environmental standards. This block comprises of 4 units-
environmental design, Environmental Management System, EMS standards ISO
14000, and environmental labeling.
Unit 1 deals with Environmental design which is not a new phenomena it has
been part of our ancient architecture. A key aspect of eco-friendly and economic
sustainability ease and environmental design which consists of a systematic
consideration of environmental performance and potential environmental impacts
at the earliest stages of product design and development. It covers all the stages
of a project or product lifetime that includes procuring raw material, manufacturing,
packaging, distribution, installation, operation and finally the useful product
lifetime.
Unit 2 deals with Environmental Management System. All organizations like
companies, industries, institutions have impact on environment. Environmental
Management System is a tool to manage quality and safety, it assesses an
organization’s business strengths and weaknesses that help to make out and
manage significant environmental impacts by saving money and resources.
It explains core elements of Environmental Management System (EMS), its
policy and implementation and operation techniques. The certification body of
EMS was discussed about ISO 14001, EMAS, BS8555 standards. It
highlighted the assessment of EMS by explaining characteristics of the operations
like tract performance and conformance with environmental goals, calibration
techniques, calibration devices and compliance with applicable regulations.
Unit 3 deals with EMS standards ISO 14000. It explained the occupational
health and safety assessment series 18001 compatible with ISO 9001 quality
and ISO 14001 environment management standards. This unit broadly covers
ISO, ISO 14000 and EMS. It explained Plan- Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.
It provided the information about ISO family standards, benefits of implementing
ISO 14001 and finally integrated management system.
Unit 4 deals with Environmental labeling. This unit highlighted the different issues
related to issuing of eco-labels to a product, their objectives, origin and
classification. The environmental labels (Eco-labels) are based on the environmental
performance of a product on the environment. There are three major
components of environmental labeling which provides unbiased involvement of
third party is necessary during certification, that should be voluntary/ financial
firms and finally the labeling can be positive or negative. ISO is an autonomous
body which works to achieve different goals for effective implementation of eco-
labeling. The concept of eco-labeling is based on environmental concert of
a product it is awarded by an independent body to a manufacturer or service
provider on the basis of their environmental impacts by using lifecycle assessment
tool. The objectives are based on efficient use of non-renewable resources;
management of resources; handling and management of chemicals, adopting the
principle of reduce, reuse and recycle strategy and finally promoting natural
resource conservation. This unit also elaborated environmental labels developed
by ISO. This unit concluded by explaining the concepts of green claims, eco-
mark and the mechanism of SCHEME.
Environmental Standards
4
UNIT 1 ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
Structure
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Definition and Scope
1.3 Principles and Benefits
1.3.1 Principles of Environmental Design
1.3.2 Benefits of Environmental Design
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Environmental design is not a new word; it has been part of our ancient
architecture. If we deeply observe, engineering challenges were answered
with delicate design intelligence in our ancient structures. Environmental design
means an integrated approach to technologically feasible and economically
viable way of design. An environmental design is a way to create human spaces,
which are beneficial for both community and natural environment and achieve
a sustainable and eco-friendly result.
A key aspect of eco-friendly and economic sustainability is an environmental
design consists of a systematic consideration of environmental performance
and potential environmental impacts at the earliest stages of product design
and development. Environmental design considers various effects on the
environment at all the stages of a project or product lifetime, including raw
materials acquisition, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, installation,
operation, and ultimate fate at the end of the useful product lifetime.
Environmental design concentrates on the entire cycle of manufacturing
products and providing services. Hence, environmental design is much more 5
Environmental Standards effective and economic than more primitive pollution measures. Environmental
designis composed of two broad fields; the first field of environmental design
is ‘design for sustainability’, which focuses on conservation of resources
through minimizing the uses of energy, mineral, material and water, and also
aims to preserve natural capital. The second area is ‘design for health and
safety’ of occupants. Here the main focus is to reduce risks from toxic and
harmful substances, pollutants, and waste as well as concerns related to public
health and safety.
In environmental designing, both commercial and residential structures are
built using environmentally friendly material. Environmental design involves
professionals (environmental designers) in the fields of urban planning,
landscape architecture, who assist and guide in the development of right
infrastructure. These professionals focus on the use of environmentally sensitive
techniques and materials. Their main focus is to study the relationship between
man-made structures and the surrounding environment to develop optimum
infrastructure, including commercial and residential buildings by taking into
account functional, economic and ecological needs.
1.1 OBJECTIVES
After finishing this unit, the student will be able to:
define environmental design;
explain the basic principles and benefits of environmental design;
discuss the objectives and potential of environmental design (ED); and
explain the concept of green building, green infrastructure and green
landscaping in deep.
The designers should keep an eye on the impact associated with the travel
arrangements for workforces, occupants and locals. Planning should be done
to reduce the impacts of travel by encouraging the use of efficient modes of
transport that decrease environmental impact, reduce congestion and air
pollution.
Principle 6-Waste Management
The designer should focus on employing the waste hierarchy (refuse, reduce,
reuse, recycle and dispose). Various methods should be used in design to reduce
the quantity of waste generated during different stages of construction.
Principle 7- Pollution Control
Provisions for the prevention of pollution should be proposed and applied to
the project. This can be achieved by reducing local discharges to air, land and
water. It can be done by modifying building materials, proper drainage system,
use of non-toxic materials, and use of green energy at site for different activities
and by reducing transportation. This is particularly important during
construction and refurbishment activities on a project. All designers must obey
with the overall practice for health, safety and the environment.
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Environmental Standards
UNIT 2 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
STANDARDS
Structure
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Objectives
2.2 Core Elements of Environmental Management System (EMS)
2.2.1 Prerequisite Factors for EMS
2.0 INTRODUCTION
All organisations like companies, big and small institutions, industries etc. have some
impact on environment. Environmental Management System (EMS) is similar to
other management systems, like as those that manage quality or safety. It assesses
an organization’s business strengths and weaknesses, helps them to make out and
manage significant environmental impacts, saves moneyand resources byincreasing
efficiency, ensures compliance with environmental laws and provides targets for
improvements. As per United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA,
2017), an EMS is a set of processes and practices that facilitate an organization to
reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency. It is a
framework that helps a company/organization to achieve its environmental objectives
throughregular review, evaluation, andimprovementof itsenvironmentalperformance.
Regular planning, implementing, reviewing and improving the processes and actions
in EMS will identifyopportunities for improvingand implementing the environmental
performance of the organization. Bygetting EMS certification, the organization can
showto itscustomers about the commitmentin meetingenvironmentalresponsibilities.
EMS does not dictate to achieve a particular level of environmental performance
rather each organization’s EMS is tailored or customised to its own individual
objectives and targets. Ideally, an EMS supports resource sustainability, environmental
protection, biodiversity conservation and ecologically sustainable development.
A properly designed EMS should follow the “Plan Do CheckAct” cycle which is
22 based on the principle of continuous improvement where:
Planning involves identifying environmental aspects and establishing aims. Environmental Management
System Standards
Implementing (Do) includes training and operational controls.
Checking incorporates monitoring and corrective measures.
Reviewing (Act) includes regular progress review and action to incorporate
required changes in the EMS.
2.1 OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit you should be able to:
define environmental management system;
describe core elements of EMS;
explain EMS assessment; and
compare benefits and limitations of EMS.
There are about 175 Indian companies located in major cities, which provides
consultancy to achieve various aspects of environmental management especially
30 ISO: 14001.
B. EMAS: EMAS is a voluntary European scheme that provides external Environmental Management
System Standards
recognition for those businesses that prove that they go further than just
meeting regulatory requirements for environmental issues. To gain EMAS
verification a company/organization must be able to prove that he has
identified and is working with all relevant legislation and have systems in
place to do so on an ongoing basis. The company needs to also prove that
his system meets the ISO 14001 standard. It is possible to gain and maintain
both ISO 14001 certification and EMAS verification at the same time.
C. BS 8555: BS 8555 is a British standard that provides directions for
implementing an EMS on a phase-by-phase basis and it can be a good
approach of working towards either ISO 14001 or the Eco-Management
and Audit Scheme (EMAS). A company can gain independent recognition
for his efforts to follow BS 8555 by using Acorn, Green Ticks and Seren
(any one) accredited schemes of United Kingdom Accreditation Services
(UKAS). Acorn, is run by the Institute of Environmental Management
and Assessment (IEMA), and focuses on environmental improvements
that are linked to business competitiveness and is flexible so that all types
of organisation, regardless of their size, can participate. Green Ticks, which
is run by the Green Business Partnership is a unique to Scottish businesses
and organisations and is recognised throughout the UK and Ireland. Seren
is managed by Tarian Inspection Services.
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Environmental Standards
UNIT 3 EMS STANDARDS ISO 14000
Structure
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Objectives
3.2 Evolution, Principles and Structure of ISO 14000
3.2.1 The Plan Do- Check-Act (PDCA) cycle
3.2.2 Benefits of ISO14001
3.0 INTRODUCTION
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), comprising 160 national
standard bodies is coordinated by central secretariat situated in
Geneva, Switzerland. The ISO has established to work in direction of
boosting the advancement of standardization, promoting international
exchange of goods and services. ISO 14000, as family of standards was
developed by ISO/TC 207, Environmental Management Committee and various
sub-committees. ISO 14000 includes 21 published standards subjected to
managing environmental issues across the world. ISO/TC 207 and ISO/TC
176 (Quality Management and Quality Assurance) works together to run the
38 process in systemic manner.
The ISO 14001 defines requirements for an effective Environmental EMS Standards ISO 14000
Management System (EMS) in ISO 14001 series subjected to guidelines
followed by organization. The fundamental elements of ISO 14001 includes
“Plan: Do: Check: Act” (PDCA) cycle which ensures development, continuous
improvement and control of the management system. The ISO 14001 has been
formulated appropriate for any organization. EMS models have its impact in
managing environmental systems including models EMAS, ACC, DOJ, NEIC,
EPA but ISO 14001 is widely accepted and there are 2000 certified
organizations under ISO 14001. There are several benefits of implementing
EMS in sectors such as operation, marketing, environment, finance, likewise
ISO 14001 carries benefits to its users in different sectors.
3.1 OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, you should be able to:
2. Reduced consumption of energy and raw materials and better use of natural
resources.
Out of all these models, the highly accepted and practiced one is ISO 14001
standard. This is more similar to the ISO 9001 quality management. ISO 14001,
it helps in improving the organization’s environmental performances with
respect to any applicable legislation. The new ISO 14001 has been published
on September 2015, which includes several new updates. It has strengthened
the commitments of top management and evaluating. There are more than
2,000 organization currently certified with ISO 14001. It also includes 155
countries participating in it. China and Japan holds the highest number of ISO
14001 certified organizations.
48
3.4.2 ISO 14001: 5 Major Steps to Register EMS Standards ISO 14000
1. Gap Analysis: This goes through the methods already followed by the
organization to manage its environmental wastes and the frames the
changes need to be made in order to meet the requirements of ISO 14001.
2. Initial Implementation: Development of implementation strategy which
includes the need for third party registration if the company needs.
3. Pre- registration internal audits: Prior to the official registration of ISO
14001 there must be several internal audits and management review.
4. Registration: The EMS registration audit conformance of the company’s
EMS to match to the requirements specified in ISO 14001.
5. Ongoing implementation: Continuous improvement of EMS according
to the need of the organization. It also depends on the product of the
organization. The fluctuation in overall business has to be calculated.
3.4.3 Case Study on Implementation of EMS
Beers Skanska became the first construction firm in the United States to achieve
ISO 14001 certification in July of 1999. Their environmental policy
encompasses the following seven areas, 1. Regulatory compliance, 2. Prevention
of pollution, 3.Conservation, 4.Emissions and effluents, 5.Ecology and
habitat,6.Hazardous and toxic substances, and 7. Communication.
The goals set up by Beers Skanska EMS:
1. Reduce solid waste by 30% by reducing material use and through recycling
and reusing materials on-site.
2. Reduce energy use by increasing by 10% the number of projects per year
that focus on energy reduction.
3. Reduce air emissions by increasing by 5% the number of projects per
year that focus on air emissions.
4. Further, reduce air emissions by 30% through continuing to encourage
alternative commuting methods for employees.
Beers Skanska implemented ISO 14001 EMS without government or client
pressure. Instead, they chose to fulfill Skanska’s environmental commitment
and gain a competitive edge.. The quality and quantity (about 200 projects at a
time throughout the United States) of projects motivates Beers Skanska’s
subcontractors to meet their demands (Christini et al., 2004)
With the increasing awareness on environmental pollution, now consumers are more
concerned about the environmental practices of the companies that manufacture the
products they use.Inorder to assure the consumers that a company is managing the
environmental impact is byadoptingeffective EMS guidelines(ISO 14001) through
which the impact can be recognized and managed. This can improve the image of
the company, help them to maintain a good public image, and improve community
relations.Through this, they get better market share with the interested parties.
All organizations want to decrease costs – this is a fact of life in today’s world
economy.How implementation of ISO 140001 is going to help in reducing cost is
reallyinteresting.At first,the guidelines can be used to identify, control, and reduce a
number of environmental incidents that occur, which can cost a company through
accountability costs of fines, cleanup, and reparations. Further, the improvement in
the features of the environmental management system will help in decreasing costs
by working to conserve the energy and input materials.
The prime reason for adopting and implementing environmental management system
through ISO 14001 is to improvise environment by reducing our environmental
footprint of a company or organization. It can be easier to justify the cost of making
these improvements by focusing on these other benefits that can go away from the
simple ideals of environmental stewardship and focus more on the long-term
advantages of employing an environmental management system.
The main objective of IMS is to streamline processes even further and avoid
duplication procedures and working process. However, just because a system
is integrated does not mean less attention is paid to auditing individual systems.
The system must conform to the requirements of the individual standards, in
order to maintain a high level of credibility and effectiveness.
Advantages of Integrated Management Systems
Consistent objectives, planning, and document management
54 Implementation and Operation of the system cost less.
Easier internal audits EMS Standards ISO 14000
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Environmental Standards
UNIT 4 ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING
Structure
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Objectives
4.2 What is Environmental-Labeling?
4.3 Concept of Eco-Labeling
4.4 Objectives of Eco-Labeling
4.4.1 Environmental Protection
4.4.2 Inventing and Promoting Environmental Friendly Technologies
4.4.3 Sensitizing the Consumer About Environment Related Issues
4.9 Ecomark
4.9.1 Criteria for Ecomark Scheme
4.9.2 Mechanism of the Scheme
4.0 INTRODUCTION
The population on Earth is increasing day by day especially in developing
countries. This puts a tremendous pressure on every component of the
environment. Industrial development is necessary for any country for livelihood
and other requirements, but it creates a lot of environmental issues. The different
environmental issues like climate change, global warming, ozone layer
depletion, acid rain, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, depletion of natural
resources are examples of some of the burning issues, which received
international attention about 40 years back in the Stockholm conference, held
on 5th June, 1972.
The quality of every component of environment is equally important for healthy
life. Hence, one of the important issues is production of goods by using eco-
friendly technique, which will create less environmental issues. By adopting
this strategy we can save resources not only for future generation but can also
achieve sustainable development. In the same context governments,
nongovernmental organization and financial enterprises throughout the world
58
initiated the program of eco-labeling to make the customer aware about
environment concern. The environmental-labeling is voluntary program of Environmental Labeling
certification of a product in context to its environmental impacts from origin
to end as waste. These environmental labels can play an important role in the
conservation of natural resources and in sensitization of public about importance
of natural resources.
This unit highlights the different issues related to issuing of eco-labels to a product,
its necessity, objectives, principles and origin etc. Moreover, you will be learn more
about Green claims and Ecomark scheme.
4.1 OBJECTIVES
After going through this unit you will be familiar with various topics related to eco-
labeling:
eco-labeling and their objectives
classification of Eco-labels
origin of the Eco-labeling
guiding Principles for Eco-labeling
ecomark Scheme of India
objectives of Ecomark Scheme
criteria for Ecomark Scheme
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Environmental Standards
4.3 CONCEPT OF ECO-LABELING
Eco-labeling is a technique of certification of a product/process for environmental
concert throughout the world voluntary. Generally, assigning of an ecolabel to any
product indicates that the product is more environmentally safe as compared to
other products in the same category which is not assigned an ecolabel. Actually,
ecolabel is awarded by an independent autonomous body to a manufacturer or
service provider for particular product or service on the basis of their environmental
impacts with due time assessed independently. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an
important tool, which is used to evaluate the positive and negative environmental
impacts of a particular product. It is done by analyzing the various processes
throughout the manufacturing of a product e.g. raw material used, energy,
manufacturing process and other important factors related to the product. The various
activities carried during LCA inform the customer regarding environmental stress
reductions through origin to end of a product. Eco-labelingfollow a systematic pattern
i.e. setting of criteria, testing, monitoring and awarding of a certificate. The scheme
of Eco-labeling not only encourage the development of environmentally sound and
friendlytechniques but also aware the public about environmental concern. Nowadays
people prefer products with Eco label because of the rising awareness about
environmental issues.
Encouraging the people to obey the principal of 3R’ i.e. reduce, reuse and
recycle the waste materials; and
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4.4.2 Inventing and Promoting Environmental Friendly Environmental Labeling
Technologies
It is well-established fact that when an eco-label is awarded to any product, it
indicates that this product has less environmental impact as compared to similar
product without an eco-label.
It motivates the manufacturer to invent and develop more and more
ecofriendly products/services.
These practices encourage the idea of green business with minimal
environmental impacts and create new market for nature lover i.e. growing
a market based upon natural resource products produced sustainably.
3. ISO 14025 Type III It is also a voluntary and third Third party
party programme of certification
certification of a product. The
environmental parameters are
assessed by a third party and
reported for product. This
report is re-verified again by a
competent and qualified third
party and known as
environmental declarations.
4.9 ECOMARK
Increasing concern about environmental issues has give rise to the concept of
green marketing throughout the world. Now, literate and sentientcustomers
demand environmentally compatible products. If manufacturers have to sell
their products in the market then they have to develop it in eco-friendly way
i.e. promoting the concept of green marketing. Moreover, manufacturers
wishing to protect their present market and expand in to new ones may require
green labels. To increase consumer awareness, the Government of India
launched the eco-labeling scheme known as ‘Ecomark’ scheme. In this context
government of India in co-operation with some autonomous organizations
adopted ‘Ecomark’ scheme, and earthen pot i.e. ‘matka’ was selected as the
symbol for the same.
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5. Write about eco-labels available in India with suitable diagrams and their detail.
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6. What are the guiding principles for eco-labeling? explain in detail.
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7. What are green claim? Describe the concept of green claim in brief.
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8. What is an eco-mark? Discuss about Indian eco-mark scheme.
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9. Explain in brief about criteria adopted for awarding an eco-mark.
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4.13 ANSWERS TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
Answers to Check Your Progress 1
Your answers should include the following points:
1. Eco-Labeling: It is a tag, which represents the possible environmental impacts
of a product/service during the course of manufacturing and use.
2. Step involved in process of awarding eco labels. : Refer to Table 2
3. Objectives of Eco Labeling: (Elaborate on these points)
Environmental protection: One of the most important objectives of eco-labeling
is to encourage the consumer to think and prefer an environmentallysafe product
and service. In this regard, various possible important objective may be:
Inventingandpromotingenvironmentalfriendlytechnologies:Itiswell-established
fact that when an eco-label is awarded to any product, it indicates that this
product has less environmental impact as compared to similar product without
an eco-label.
Sensitizing the consumer about environment related issues.
4. Refer Table4
5. Refer Table 5
6. Guiding principles for eco-labeling: Refer to 4.7
7. Green claim: The green claims are voluntaryand self declared bya manufacturer,
importer or distributor for environmental quality of a product and known as
self declaration claims or environmental claims or green claims. The information
related to environmental effects and qualities of products and how to use and
dispose etc. are claimed by green claims
8. Eco-mark:To increase consumer awareness, the Government of India launched
the eco-labeling scheme known as ‘Ecomark’ schemeThe ecomarklabels are
issued to the products/service which are environmental friendly and meets the
quality requirements of Indian Standards and follow the approach of cradle to
grave i.e. extraction andrefiningofrawmaterial, manufacturingandat lat disposal
of product.
9. Criteria adopted for awarding an eco-mark:
Causing less environmental pollution as compare to other similar product.
Made up of renewable natural resources as compare to other similar
product.
Can be recycled as compare to the other similar product which is not
recyclable.
Easily biodegradable as compare to other similar product which is
not biodegradable.
Consume less non renewable natural resources as compare to the
other similar product
74