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RLC Transient

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21 views

RLC Transient

Check out guyz

Uploaded by

Madhur Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Signals & Networks Laboratory Experiment Manual

Department of Electrical Engineering, I.I.T. Kharagpur


Experiment 6
Determination of the transient of an R-L-C network with initial condition

Objective: To determine the transient response of an R-L-C network in terms


of the parameters σ, ξ, ω, ωn and initial conditions IL (0-), Vc (0-).

Procedure:
(1) Make the connections as shown in the fig. 5a without energizing any one of
the voltage sources.
(2) Switch on the voltage source V1=12V. Adjust the resistance R3 and R4
(in the range of 100K) to set an initial voltage Vc (0) across the
capacitor C=20µF.
Capture the transient by connecting an oscilloscope probe across the
capacitor and by triggering at the rising edge of the waveform in “single
shot” mode. Note the time constant of the transient.

(3) Switch on the voltage source V2=12V and adjust the current in the
inductor L=20mH by changing R2 to some value less than 0.75 A. The
voltage drops across the shunt resistance R1 = 1Ω can be used to
record the transient in the inductor current. Capture the transient in
a digital oscilloscope by triggering in an identical manner as was done
in step 2. Note the time constant of the transient.
(4) Turn on the switch S3 to energize the relay. It disconnects the
contacts K1 and connects K2 almost simultaneously (circuit time
constant is higher than the turn on/off time of the relay contacts). The
equivalent circuit is shown in Fig:5b.
(5) Capture the voltage across the capacitor in the digital oscilloscope
using single shot mode. Measure the maximum overshoot, Frequency
of oscillation, time constant, initial and final values of the capacitor
voltage and sketch the waveform in a tracing sheet.
(6) Similarly, capture and record the transient in the inductor current
(measured by the voltage drop across the shunt).
(7) Conduct the experiment with different combinations of IL (0)
(=0.1A,0.6A), Vc (0) (=2.5V ,5V) and C (= 20µF,40µF) (2 variations in
𝑉𝑉1
each variable). Note that R2= (0 −) will change for each setting of
IL
IL(0).

Report:
8. (a) Refer to the equivalent circuit shown in Fig5b. Use KCL and KVL to
formulate the differential equation involving capacitor voltage as
𝑑𝑑 2 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑡𝑡) 𝐿𝐿 𝑑𝑑𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 (𝑡𝑡)
V1 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 + + 𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 (𝑡𝑡)
𝑑𝑑𝑡𝑡 2 𝑅𝑅 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Determine the initial conditions vc (0-) and vc’ (0-).

(b) Also do the same for the inductor current IL.

(c) Use Laplace transformation to analytically determine the complete


solution for the voltage Vc (t) and identify the steady state Vcss and transient
portions of the solution Vctr.

In the process, write the characteristics equation of the network in the form:

S2 + (2σ) S +ωn2 =0. The roots of characteristic equation are

S1, S2 = -σ ± �σ2 − ω2n .The general solution corresponding to those roots


is

Vc(t) = K1e(-σ + �σ2 − ω2n)t + K2e(-σ - �σ2 − ω2n)t


𝜎𝜎
A new parameter ξ can be defined as ξ=ω , that physically quantifies the
n
damping of the network. There are three different forms for the roots:
Case1: ξ ˃ 1, the roots are real and unequal.

Case1: ξ = 1, the roots are real and repeated.

Case1: ξ ˂ 1, the roots are complex and conjugates.


Note that roots on the imaginary axis correspond to oscillatory response
(zero damping), roots in the complex plane correspond to damped oscillation
and that roots on the negative real axis correspond to the critically damped
case (ξ = 1) or to an overdamped form. When the roots are complex
conjugate the solution is of the form

Vc(t)=K1 e−(σ)t cos(ω)t +K2 e−(σ)t sin(ω)t

= K1 e−(ξωn)t cos(ωn�1 − ξ2 )t +K2e−(ξωn)t sin(ωn�1 − ξ2 )t

Where, the physical interpretations of the parameters are: ω is natural


1
frequency, ωn is the undammed natural frequency and the time constant is .
𝜎𝜎

(d) Find the parameters and constants : σ, ω, ωn , ξ, K1, K2 and Vc (max).

(e) Also find the complete solution for the inductor current IL and identify
the steady state and transient portion of the solution. Note that the
characteristics equation is the same and therefore find only K3, K4 and IL
(max).
9. From the experimental results obtained in step 7 identify the steady state
and transient portion of the solution. Determine/estimate the parameters σ,
ω, ωn , ξ, K1, K2 and Vc (max).Compare these values with the analytical
results obtained in step 9.

10. Find the transform domain network of the circuit shown in figure 5b and
determine input impedance Zi(s) and output impedance Zo(s).

11. From the transform domain network find the complete solutions by
applying the principal of superposition that is, you should treat initial
conditions as independent voltage and current sources and find out the
solution due to each source separately and then add to find the complete
solution.

12. In the transform domain network apply Thevenin’s theorem to determine


the current through the inductor L. The initial values are iL (0-) = 0.1A and
Vc (0-) = 5V and L = 20mH and C = 20µF.
13. Explain the differences (if any) between the analytical and experimental
results.

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