Rectangular Footing

Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing Struct Soft Centre (SSC)
DESIGN OF ISOLATED RECTANGULAR FOOTING

A solid footing has to transfer a dead load of 1200 KN and an imposed load of 300 KN from a column
230 x 450 mm. The grade of materials to be used as M20 and Fe 415. Safe bearing capacity of soil is 300
KN/m2. The allowable settlement is 25 mm.
Solution:
Dead Load + Live Load, = 1200 + 300 = 1500 𝐾𝑁
Assume weight of footing as 10% of load on column = 10 % x 1500 = 150 KN
Total Load transferred to the soil, 𝑃 = 1500 + 150 = 1650 KN
Required Area of footing,
1650
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = 5.5 𝑚2
300
[Note: Length and width of footing should be decided such that, the pressure distribution should be
uniform at the base of footing. To ensure uniform pressure distribution at the base of footing, the
projection (X) on all sides of columns should be same.]
Lf x Bf = 5.5……………………..Eq.01 X
Lf = (a + 2 X) & Bf = (b + 2 X) X X
(a + 2 X) x (b + 2 X) = 5.5
Where, a = 450 mm and b= 230 mm
X
(0.45+2X) x (0.23+2X) = 5.5
4𝑋 2 + 1.36 𝑋 − 5.396 = 0
Figure-01 In-Plan Dimension footing
On-solving of above equation, we are getting the value of X = 1 m
Therefore, Lf = (a + 2 x 1) = (0.45+ 2 x 1) = 2.45 m & Bf = (b + 2 x 1) = (0.23 + 2 x 1) = 2.23 m
Fix the length and width of footing as, Lf = 2.5 m, Bf = 2.25 m
Hence provided area of footing Lf x Bf = 2.50 x 2.25 = 5.63 m2

Upward soil pressure, w = 1650 / 5.63 = 293.33 KN/m2
(A) DEPTH REQUIRED FOR FLEXURE
(B – b) / 2
b Bf b
a a
(L – a) / 2 Lf
Figure-02 Cantilever Span for Bending Moment
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1.0252
𝑀𝐿𝐿 = 293.33 𝑥 2.25 𝑥 = 346.07 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
2
𝑀𝐿𝐿𝑈 = 1.5 𝑥 346.70 = 520.05 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
1.012
𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 293.33 𝑥 2.5 𝑥 = 374.03 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
2
𝑀𝐵𝐵𝑈 = 1.5 𝑥 374.03 = 561.05 𝐾𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝑢
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √
0.138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏
561.05 𝑥 106
𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑞 = √ = 285.15 mm
0.138 𝑥 20 𝑥 2500
Providing over all depth of footing as D = 650 mm

Assume clear cover as 50 mm and diameter of bar as 16 mm,
𝑑𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 650 − 50 − 8 = 592 𝑚𝑚
(B) DESIGN FOR REINFORCEMENT

(1) Along Length of Footing, Mu = 520.05 KN-m, b=2250 mm
0.5 𝑥 𝑓𝑐𝑘 4.6 𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − ⁄𝑓 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑 2 ] 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑐𝑘
0.5 𝑥 20 6
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − 4.6 𝑥 520.05 𝑥 10 ⁄20 𝑥 2250 𝑥 5922 ] 𝑥 2250 𝑥 592
415
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 2534.35 mm2 (Design Requirement)

Ast = 0.12 % x b x D = 0.12 % x 2250 x 650 = 1755 mm2 (Minimum Requirement)
Providing T16 mm, Unit area of bar = 201.06 mm2
Spacing required over width,
201.06
𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝑥 2250 = 178.5 𝑚𝑚
2534.35
Hence provide the spacing as 150 mm c/c
Provide T16 @ 150 c/c along length of footing.
Area of steel provided, Ast = (201.06 / 150) x 2250 = 3015.90 mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 3015.90
𝑃𝑡 = = 𝑥 100 = 0.206 %
𝑏 𝑥 𝐷 2250 𝑥 650
(i) Along Width of Footing, Mu = 561.05 KN-m, b=2500 mm

0.5 𝑥 𝑓𝑐𝑘 4.6 𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − ⁄𝑓 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑 2 ] 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑐𝑘
0.5 𝑥 20 6
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = [1 − √1 − 4.6 𝑥 561.05 𝑥 10 ⁄20 𝑥 2500 𝑥 5922 ] 𝑥 2500 𝑥 592
415
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 2730.76 mm2 (Design Requirement)

Ast = 0.12 % x b x D = 0.12 % x 2500 x 650 = 1950 mm2 ( Minimum Requirement)
Providing T16 mm, Unit area of bar = 201.06 mm2
Spacing required over length,
201.06
𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝑥 2500 = 184.07 𝑚𝑚
2730.76
Hence provide the spacing as 150 mm c/c
Provide T16 @ 150 c/c along width of footing.
Area of steel provided, Ast = (201.06/150) x 2500 = 3351.00 mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 3351.00
𝑃𝑡 = = 𝑥 100 = 0.206 %
𝑏 𝑥 𝐷 2500 𝑥 650
B. SHEAR CHECK
(i) Check For One-Way Shear
d
B = 2.25 M
L = 2.50 M
Figure-03 Check for One-Way Shear
Consider the critical section at a distance of d from the face of the column, and knowing the shear
force at this critical section,
ALONG LENGTH OF FOOTING, LF

𝐿−𝑎
𝑉 = 𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 [ − 𝑑]
2
2.5 − 0.45
𝑉 = 293.33 𝑥 2.25 𝑥 [ − 0.592] = 285.776 𝐾𝑁
2
𝑉𝑢 = 1.5 𝑥 285.776 = 428.665 𝐾𝑁
Tv = Vu / b x d = 428.665 x 103 / 2250 x 592 Therefore, Tv =0.322 MPa
To find shear at critical section, we should know available % of steel at the section
i.e., Pt =0.206 %, Fck = 20 MPa
As per IS 456-2000, Cl. 40.4
Pt Tc
0.150 0.280
0.206 0.3248
0.250 0.360
Tc = 0.3248 MPa
Tv =0.322 MPa < Tc = 0.3248 MPa ∴ Provided depth is safe for 1-way shear
ALONG WIDTH OF FOOTING, Bf

𝐵−𝑏
𝑉 = 𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑥 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 [ − 𝑑]
2
2.25 − 0.23
𝑉 = 293.33 𝑥 2.5 𝑥 [ − 0.592] = 306.529 𝐾𝑁
2
𝑉𝑢 = 1.5 𝑥 306.529 = 459.795 𝐾𝑁
Tv = Vu / b x d = 461.996 x 103 / 2500 x 592 Therefore, Tv =0.310 MPa
To find shear at critical section, we should know available % of steel at the section
i.e., Pt =0.206 %, Fck = 20 MPa
As per IS 456-2000, Cl. 40.4
Pt Tc
0.150 0.280
0.206 0.3248
0.250 0.360
Tc = 0.3248 MPa
Tv =0.310 MPa < Tc = 0.3248 MPa Hence Ok. No Need to provide shear reinforcements.
Note: In both of the direction the design is safe in one way shear.
(ii) Check For Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)

Consider the critical section at a distance of d/2 from the face of the column, and knowing the shear
force at this critical section,
0.45 + d
0.23 + 0.592
d/2
B = 2.25 M
0.4 + d
d/2
0.45 + 0.592
L = 2.5 M
Figure-04 Check for Two-Way Shear
𝑉 = 𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑥 [𝐵 𝑥 𝐿 − (0.45 + 𝑑)(0.23 + 𝑑)]

𝑉 = 293.33 𝑥 [2.5 𝑥 2.25 − (0.45 + 0.592)(0.23 + 0.592)] = 1398.737 KN
𝑉𝑢 = 2098.106 𝐾𝑁
Perimeter length of Shear Area b’ = (0.45 + 0.592) x 2 + (0.23 + 0.592) x 2 = 3.728 m = 3728 mm
Nominal shear at critical section, 𝑇𝑣 = 𝑉𝑢⁄𝑏 ′ 𝑥 𝑑
Nominal shear, 𝑇𝑣 = 2098.106 𝑥 10^3⁄3728 𝑥 592 = 0.9507 MPa
IS 456-2000, Pg. 58, Cl.31.6.3,

Shear at critical section = Tc x Ks
Ks = 0.5 +βc where βc = shorter side of column / Longer side of column
Therefore, βc = 230/450 = 0.511
Therefore, Ks = 0.5 + 0.511 = 1.011 > 1 Hence, Ks = 1 Only
𝑇𝑐 = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 √20 = 1.118 MPa
Tv =0.957 MPa < Tc = 1.118 MPa Hence Ok.
FINAL DESIGN SCHEDULE AND DETAILS
Size of footing (L x B x D) Provided Reinforcements

Length (MM) Width (MM) Depth (MM) Along Length Along width
2500 2250 650 T16 @ 150 T16 @ 150
Column: 450 x230 Column: 450 x230

MM MM
D = 650 mm
1.025 M 1.01 M
P = 293.33 KN/m2 P = 293.33 KN/m2

16T@150 C/C
B = 2.25 M
16T@150 C/C
L = 2.5 M

Rectangular Footing

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Design of Isolated Rectangular Footing Struct Soft Centre (SSC)

DESIGN OF ISOLATED RECTANGULAR FOOTING

Hence provided area of footing Lf x Bf = 2.50 x 2.25 = 5.63 m2

(A) DEPTH REQUIRED FOR FLEXURE

Figure-02 Cantilever Span for Bending Moment

Providing over all depth of footing as D = 650 mm

(B) DESIGN FOR REINFORCEMENT

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 2534.35 mm2 (Design Requirement)

(i) Along Width of Footing, Mu = 561.05 KN-m, b=2500 mm

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 2730.76 mm2 (Design Requirement)

ALONG LENGTH OF FOOTING, LF

ALONG WIDTH OF FOOTING, Bf

(ii) Check For Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)

Figure-04 Check for Two-Way Shear

𝑉 = 𝑈𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑥 [𝐵 𝑥 𝐿 − (0.45 + 𝑑)(0.23 + 𝑑)]

Nominal shear at critical section, 𝑇𝑣 = 𝑉𝑢⁄𝑏 ′ 𝑥 𝑑

Nominal shear, 𝑇𝑣 = 2098.106 𝑥 10^3⁄3728 𝑥 592 = 0.9507 MPa

IS 456-2000, Pg. 58, Cl.31.6.3,

𝑇𝑐 = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 √20 = 1.118 MPa

Tv =0.957 MPa < Tc = 1.118 MPa Hence Ok.

FINAL DESIGN SCHEDULE AND DETAILS

Size of footing (L x B x D) Provided Reinforcements

Column: 450 x230 Column: 450 x230

P = 293.33 KN/m2 P = 293.33 KN/m2

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