Silliman University

College of Engineering and Design

Civil Engineering Department

Dumaguete City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

CE 45: Reinforced Concrete Design II and

CE 49: Foundation and Retaining Walls

Submitted by:

Nathaniel Kristofferson S. Lazo

Submitted to:

Engr. Richard U. Lao

Adviser

December 2024
 I. DESIGN CRITERIA

Software Utilized: STAAD Pro Connect Edition

1. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS & CODE/REFERENCES

Live Loads:

Seismic Loads:
Seismic Parameters:
 Seismic Importance Factor, I 1.0

Seismic Zone Factor, Z 0.4

RX 8.5

RZ 8.5

STYP 4

CT 0.0731

NA 1

NV 1

2. DEAD LOADS
LOAD COMPUTATIONS FOR THE FIVE-STOREY BUILDING
Levels Story Height Relative Height

Footing to Ground Floor 1.5 m 1.5 m

Ground Floor to 2’nd Floor 3.5 m 5.0 m

2’nd Floor to 3’rd Floor 3.2 m 8.2 m

3’rd Floor to 4’th Floor 3.2 m 11.4 m

4’th Floor to 5’th Floor 2.5 m 13.9 m

Dead Load:

FOR DEAD LOAD (DL1) REFERENCE LOAD:

Concrete unit weight = 24 KN/m^3

3.60 kN/m2 at 150 mm SLAB THICKNESS

*3.60 kN/m2 is calculated from 150mm slab thickness multiplied by the concrete
density of 24.00 kN/m3 . So, 24.00 x 0.15 = 3.60 kN/m2
 3. SCHEDULES (BEAMS & COLUMNS)
Beam Schedule: Column Schedule

Beam Dimension Column Dimension

Ground Floor: 0.55m x 0.40m Footing to 2’nd 0.40m x 0.40m

R6 Floor: R5

2’nd, 3’rd & 4’th 0.60 x 0.40m 2’nd, 3’rd 4’th 0.40m x 0.40m
Floor: R2 Floor: R5

5’th floor: R1 0.40m x 0.30m R4 0.20m x 0.20m

4’th to 5’th 0.30m x 0.30m

Floor: R3
VI. DESIGN OF FOOTING

Lc1 = 400 mm
Wc2 = 400 mm
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
Fy = 275 MPa
Col dia = 20 mm
Dowells = 20 mm
Foot Rebars = 20 mm
PD = 657.774 KN
PL = 74.492 KN
PC = PD + PL = 732.266 KN
Pu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 1.4(657.774) + 1.7(74.492) = 1047.52 kN
DESIGN FOR LOAD TRANSFER AND DESIGN ALLOWABLE THICKNESS OF FOOTING
∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = ∅0.85𝑓’𝑐A1
∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = 0.65(0.85)(21.5)(400)(400) = 1, 900, 600 𝑵
CHECK BEARING STRENGTH OF FOOTING
𝐴2
∅𝑃𝑢𝑓 = ∅0.85𝑓’𝑐′𝐴1√𝐴1 ;where A2=4A1
∅𝑃𝑢𝑓 = 0.65(0.85)(21.5)(160,000)√(640,000/160,000) = 3, 801, 200 N > Pu (OKAY!)
SQUARE FOOTING
𝐵 ≥ √𝐴2
𝐵 = √640,000 = 800 𝒎𝒎
CALCULATE STEEL BARS REQ. FOR LOAD CONNECTION/DOWEL
∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = 1, 900, 600 𝑵 ∅𝑃𝑛 > 𝑃𝑢, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑠𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐
𝑃𝑢 − ∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 1047.52−1,900,600
𝐴𝑠𝑟 = = = −6907.46𝑚𝑚 (𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚)
𝑓𝑦 275
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐 = 0.005(400 × 400) = 800𝑚𝑚2
CALCULATE AREA OF STEEL PROVIDED FOR LOAD TRANSFER
Dowell = 20 mm
N=8
𝑁𝜋(𝑑𝑏) 2
𝐴𝑠𝑝 = > 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐
4
8𝜋(𝑑20) 2
Asp= = 𝟐𝟓𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐 > 𝑨𝒎𝒊𝒏 (𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓)
4
CALCULATE DEV. LENGTH OF COL. BARS INTO FOOTING
1. BASIC DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
0.24𝑓𝑦(𝑑𝑏 ) 0.24(275)(20)
a.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄 ≥ = = 285.68𝑚𝑚 (𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑑𝑐)
𝝀√𝒇𝒄 1√21.5
b.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑𝒅𝒃𝒇𝒚
𝑙𝑑𝑐 ≥ 0.043(20)(275) = 𝟐𝟑𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎
2. MODIFICATION FACTOR
 𝑨𝒔𝒓 800
a.) MF1 =𝑨𝒔𝒑 = 2513.27 = 0.32
b). MF2 = 𝟏. 𝟎 (𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓)
3. MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEV. LENGTH (reduced)
a.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄𝒓 ≥ MF1 * MF2 * 𝒍𝒅𝒄
𝑙𝑑𝑐𝑟 = 0.4974 * 1 * 284.68 = 141.60 mm
b.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄𝒓 ≥ 200 mm (USE BIGGER ldcr)
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF FOOTING (hf)
ℎ𝑓= 𝑙𝑑 + 2𝑑𝑏 + 75
ℎ𝑓= 200 + 2(20) + 75 = 315 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝒉𝒇= 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
LIMITS OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY:
Depth of excavation = 1.5
Wt. of soil = 15.7 kN/m3
Wt. of concrete = 24.0 kN/m3
qa = 255 kPa
CALCULATE qa net:
𝑞𝑎𝑛 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝑊𝑠 − 𝑊𝑓
Ws = Wt.s ( D-hf )
Ws = 15.7 ( 1.500 - .350 ) = 18.055 kPa
Wf = Wc * hf
Wf = 24.0 * .350 = 8.40 kPa
𝑞𝑎𝑛 = 255 − 18.055 − 8.40= 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 54𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂 < 𝒒𝒂 (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
CALCULATE AREA OF FOOTING
𝑃𝑐 732.266
𝐴𝑓 =𝑞𝑎𝑛 = 228.545 = 3.204𝑚2
SQUARE FOOTING:
B =√𝐴𝑓=√3.204 = 1.79 m , say 1.9 m
CALCULATE SOIL BEARING PRESSURE DUE TO ULTIMATE LOADS
𝑃𝑢 1047.52
𝑞𝑢 = 𝐵2 = = 290.17𝑘𝑝𝑎
(1.9)2
𝑚 = 0.5 (𝐵 − 𝑐)= 0.5 (1.9 ∗ 1000 − 400) = 𝟕5𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑉𝑢1 = 𝑞𝑢𝐵(𝑚 − 𝑑)
𝑽𝒖𝟏 = 𝟎. 29017(𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎)(𝟕5𝟎 − 𝒅)
1 1
𝑉𝑐1 =6 √𝑓′𝑐𝐵𝑑 = 6 √21.5(1900)𝑑
FOR ADEQUACY CHECK:
𝑉𝑢1 = 𝑉𝑐1
1
0.29017(1900)(700 − 𝑑) =6√21.5(1900)𝑑
d = 204.74 mm
Calculate hf using d
hf = d + cov + 75 + db/2
hf = 204.74 + 75 + 20/2 = 289.74 mm <hf design = 350 mm (OKAY!!)
DESIGN FOOTING FOR TWO-WAY SHEAR:
𝐶𝑜 = 𝐶1 + 𝑑 ; 𝐶1 = 400
𝑏𝑜 = 4𝐶𝑜
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑃𝑢 − (𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 ∗ 𝐶𝑜)
𝑽𝒖𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟕. 𝟓𝟐(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎) − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟕 (4𝟎𝟎 + 𝒅) ∗ (4𝟎𝟎 + 𝒅)
1 1
𝑉𝑐2 =3 √𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑜𝑑 = 3 √21.5(4(𝐶1 + 𝑑))(𝑑)
FOR ADEQUACY CHECK:
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑉𝑐2
1
1047.52(1000) − 0.29017 (400 + 𝑑) ∗ (400 + 𝑑) =3 √21.5(4(𝐶1 + 𝑑))(𝑑)
d= 236.29 mm
Calculate hf using d
hf = d + 1.5db + 75
hf = 236.29 + 1.5(20)+75 = 341.29 mm < hf design = 350 mm (OKAY)
CHECK TWO-WAY SHEAR FOR FOOTING:
Check if hf and B is adequate
d= hf -1.5db -75
d= 350 – 1.5(20) -75 = 245 mm
𝑏𝑜 = 4(400 + 245) = 2580 mm
400
𝛽 =400 = 1
1 2
𝑉𝑐2 =6 (1 + 1) √21.5(2580)(245)= 1, 465, 463.56N
∅𝑉𝑐2 = 0.85x1, 465, 463.56=1, 245, 644.03N
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑃𝑢 − (𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 ∗ 𝐶𝑜)
𝑉𝑢2 = 1047.52(1000) − (0.29017 (400 + 245)(400 + 245)) = 972, 411.14N
∴ 𝑉𝑢2 < ∅𝑉𝑐2 (SAFE)
DESIGN OF FOOTING FOR FLEXURE:
d= hf -1.5db-75 =245 mm
m = 0.5(B-c)
m = 0.5( 1.9 - .400) = 0.750
𝑚
Mu = 𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐵 (𝑚) ( )
2
Mu = 290.17 ∗ 1.9 (0.75)(0.35) = 144.72 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢 144.72×106
𝑅 =∅𝐵𝑑2 = 0.90×1900×2452 = 1.41
1

𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑢 21.5 2×1.41

𝜌 = 0.85 (1 − √1 − ) = 0.85 × (1 − √1 − 0.85×21.5) = 0.00534
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓′𝑐 275
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑦 = 275 = 0.00509
√𝑓′𝑐 √21.5
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑓𝑦 = 4×275 = 0.00422
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗
REQUIRED AREA OF FLEXURE BARS
𝑑2 = hf – db/2 -75 =350-(1.5x20)-75=265 mm
𝐴𝑠𝑟 = 𝜌𝐵𝑑2= 0.00509(1900)(265) = 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟑. 8𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝜋𝑑 2 𝜋(20)2
𝐴𝑏 = = = 314.16𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠𝑟 2563.82
𝑁 = 𝐴𝑏 = = 8.16, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 9𝑝𝑐𝑠
314.16
CENTER TO CENTER SPACING:
𝐵−200 1900−200
𝑆= = = 212.5𝑚𝑚, 𝑠𝑎𝑦 210𝑚𝑚
𝑁−1 9−1
MINIMUM SPACING
𝑆 ≥ 𝑑𝑏 + 𝑑𝑏 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑆 ≥ 25 + 𝑑𝑏 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒎
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟗 − 20 𝒎𝒎
∅ 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪. 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔
ACTUAL DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF FLEXURE BARS:
𝜄𝑑 = 0.5(𝐿 − 𝑐1) − 75
𝜄𝑑 = 0.5(1900 − 500) − 75 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 mm
MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
𝑓𝑦𝜓𝑡𝜓𝑒 275 × 1 × 1.2
𝑙𝑑ℎ = = × 20 = 677.81𝑚𝑚, (𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑂𝐾𝐴𝑌, 𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐸 𝑇𝑂 𝐻𝑂𝑂𝐾)
42.1𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 2.1 × 1 × √21.5
DEV. LENGTH OF STANDARD HOOKS IN TENSION
𝑓𝑦𝜓𝑒𝜓𝑐𝜓𝑟 275 × 1.2 × 1 × 1
𝑙𝑑ℎ = = × 20 = 341.34𝑚𝑚, (𝑂𝐾𝐴𝑌)
4.17𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 4.17 × 1 × √21.5

IV. DESIGN OF LOAD-BEARING WALLS

Pu = 500 KN
bw, Bearing Width = 150 mm
lc = Ht. wall = 3.5 m-.6 m = 2.9 m
Wall length = 5.0 m
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
Fy = 275 MPa
Min. Thickness
h = 100 mm
h/25 = 120 mm
USE h = 120 mm
CALCULATE AXIAL LOAD STRENGTH:
𝐾𝑙 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = ∅0.55𝑓’𝑐𝐴𝑔(1−(1 − (32ℎ𝑐 ) )
∅ =0.7
K=1
lc = 3.5
le = bw + 4*h =150+(4*120)= 630 mm
Ag = le * h =630*120=75600 𝑚𝑚2
1∗2900 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 0.7*0.55*21.5*75600(1 − (32∗120) ) = 268, 872.44 N
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤= 268, 872.44 N<Pu (NOT OKAY)
Increase h:
h=200mm
le=bw+4h=1000
Ag=le*h=630*200=126000
1∗2900 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 0.7*0.55*21.5*126000(1 − (32∗200) ) = 828, 821.06 N
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤=828, 821.06 N>Pu (OKAY)
Design of vertical rebars:
Use min 𝜌𝑣 = 0.0015
A𝑠𝑣 = 𝜌𝑣 ∗ 𝐴𝑔=0.0015*126000=189𝑚𝑚2
Required Spacing of Vertical bars per meter length of wall
Use db = 12mm
𝜋(12)2
𝐴𝑏 = = 113.097𝑚𝑚2
4

1000 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝑏 ) 1000 ∗ 113.097

𝑆= = = 598.40𝑚𝑚, 𝑈𝑠𝑒 450𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑣 189
Maximum Spacing
𝑆 = 3ℎ = 450𝑚𝑚 (𝑈𝑆𝐸)
Design of Horizontal Rebars:
Use min 𝜌ℎ = 0.0025
𝐴𝑆𝐻 = 𝜌ℎ ∗ 𝐴𝑔 = 0.0025 ∗ 126, 000 = 315𝑚𝑚2
Required Spacing of Horizontal Rebars per meter length of wall
Use 𝑑𝑏 = 12𝑚𝑚
𝜋(12)2
𝐴𝑏 = =113.097𝑚𝑚2
4
1000 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝑏 ) 1000 (113.097)
𝑆= = = 359.04𝑚𝑚, 𝑈𝑠𝑒 350𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑆𝐻 315
Maximum Spacing:
S=3h=3*200=600mm
S=450mm
II. DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB

Simple span, L = 1.5 m

DEAD FLOORS (
WDL = 5.21 kN/M LOAD KN/M^3
150 mm slab 3.53
WLL = 1.9 kN/m
Floor finish 1.10
Assume T= 150 mm Ceiling 0.48
M.E.P.0 0.10
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa TOTAL: 5.21
Fy = 275 MPa LIVE 1.9
LOAD
Φ = 0.90
b = 1000 mm (1 m strip)

SOLUTION:
Assume T = 150 mm
Factored Load, Wu:
Wu = 1.2Wdl + 1.6 (Wll)
Wu = 1.2 (5.21) + 1.6 (1.9) = 9.292 KN/m
𝑊𝑢𝐿2
Mu = 8

Mu = 9.292 (1.5)^2 / 8 = 2. 613 kN – m

Effective depth, use 12 mm diameter bar:
1
d = t - 20 – 2 Φ

d = 150 – 20 – 12 / 2 = 124 mm
Compute Design Constants:
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑2

Ru = 2.613 * 10^6 / (0.90) ( 1000) (124)^2 = 0.189 MPa

𝑓𝑦
m = 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

m = 275 / (0.85 * 21.5) = 15.05

𝜌 1 2𝑚𝑅𝑢
𝑎𝑐𝑡= ( 1− √1− )
𝑚 𝑓𝑦

𝜌 1 2(15.05)(0.189)
𝑎𝑐𝑡 = ( 1− √1− )
15.05 (275)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟏
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛= 1.4 =𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗

275

𝝆𝐦𝐢𝐧 > 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕 , 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏

CALCULATE As and SPACING:
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠 = 0.00509 (1000)(124) = 𝟔𝟑𝟏. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Ab, using 12 mm diameter bar:

𝜋(𝑑2 )
𝐴1 =
4
𝜋(122 )
𝐴𝑏 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
𝐴1
𝑠= (1000)
𝐴𝑠
113.097
𝑠= (1000) = 𝟏𝟕𝟗. 𝟐 𝒎𝒎
631.16
𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝒔 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
CALCULATE At (Temperature bars) and SPACING:
𝐴𝑡 = 0.002𝑏𝑡 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑡 = 0.002(1000)(150) = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐 DETAILING:
12 mm
Ab, using 12 mm diameter bar: 12 mm

𝐴1
𝑠𝑡 = (1000)
𝐴𝑡
113.097
𝑠𝑡 = (1000) = 𝟑𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒎
300
𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝒔𝒕 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
III. DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB

LL =1.9 kN/m
DL = 1.68 kN/m DEAD LOAD FLOORS (kN/m)
Floor Finish 1.10
Fy = 275 MPa Ceiling 0.48
M.E.P. 0.10
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
TOTAL DL: 1.68 kN/m
Ec = 4730√𝑓𝑐′ = 21932.108 LIVE LOAD 1.9 kN/m

Υc = 2400 kg/𝑚3

R6
Beam, d = 550 mm
Beam, b = 400 mm
La = 5 m – 0.4m = 4.6 m
Lb = 6 m – 0.4m = 5.6 m

R2
Beam, d = 600 mm
Beam, b = 400 mm
La = 5 m – 0.4m = 4.6 m
Lb = 6 m – 0.4m = 5.6 m
MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS:
Ground Floor, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Floor
2𝑙𝑎+2𝑙𝑏
h= 180

2(4600)+2 (5600)
h= = 113.33 mm
180

say h = 150 mm

SOLVE FOR LOADS:

WLL = 1.9 kPa
DEAD LOADS:
𝑘𝑁
WDL =Υ𝑐 (9.81 𝑚3 ) * h slab
𝑘𝑁
WDL =2.4 (9.81 𝑚3 ) * 0.150 = 3.5316 kPa

TOTAL WDL:
WDL + DL = 3.5316 + 1.68 = 5.2216 kPa
Factored Loads:
Wu = 1.2DL +1.6LL
Wu = 1.2(5.2216) + 1.6(1.9) = 9.30592 kPa

CHECK FOR SHEAR:

𝟏
Vc= 𝟔 √𝒇𝒄′ 𝒃𝒅 , where db =12 mm

𝐼𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , 𝑑𝑙 = ℎ − 20 − 1.5 ∗ 𝑑𝑏

𝑑𝑙 = 150 − 20 − 1.5 ∗ 12 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝒎
𝐼𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , 𝑑𝑠 = ℎ − 20 − 0.5 ∗ 𝑑𝑏
𝑑𝑠 = 150 − 20 − 0.5 ∗ 12 = 𝟏𝟐𝟒 𝒎𝒎
SHEAR CRITERIA:
1
𝑉𝑐𝑙 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑
6
1
𝑉𝑐𝑙 = 6
√21.5(1000)(112) = 𝟖𝟔𝟓𝟓𝟑. 𝟕𝟕 /𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 86.554 kN/m

𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅ 𝑉𝑐𝑙 ; ∅ = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

∅ 𝑉𝑐𝑙 = 73.5709 kN/m

1
𝑉𝑐𝑠 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑
6
1
𝑉𝑐𝑠 = 6
√21.5 (1000)(124) = 𝟗𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟕. 𝟑𝟗 / 1000 = 95.827 kN/m

𝑉𝑢 ≤ ∅ 𝑉𝑐𝑠; ∅ = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

∅ 𝑉𝑐𝑠 = 81.45295 kN/m

CALCULATE TOTAL LOAD ON PANEL: Focus on using 2nd – 4th Floor Slabs as each has
live and dead load to carry

2nd – 4th Floor Slab

W = Wu (La *Lb)
W = 9.30592 kPa (3.6 * 4.6) =154.11 kN
W = Wu (La *Lb)
W = 9.30592 kPa (4.6 * 4.6) = 196.91 kN
W = Wu (La *Lb)
W = 9.30592 kPa (2.6 * 4.6) = 111.30 kN
W = Wu (La *Lb)
W = 9.30592 kPa (3.6 * 5.6) = 187.67 kN
W = Wu (La *Lb)
W = 9.30592 kPa (4.6 * 5.6) = 239.72 kN
CHECK RATIO AND CHECK CASE: TABLE 2.6
𝑙𝑎
Ratio, 𝑚 = 𝑙𝑏 , only consider 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Floor Slab

3.6
𝑚= = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖
4.6

4.6
𝑚= = 𝟏. 𝟎
4.6

2.6
𝑚= = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟓
4.6

3.6
𝑚= = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒𝟑
5.6

4.6
𝑚= = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟏𝟒
5.6

Slab1 Slab 2 Slab 3 Slab 4

Case 9 (1) Case 8 (1) Case 3 (1) Case 6 (1)

Slab 5 Slab 6

Case 4 (1) Case 4 (2)

 Case
3, m = 4 (1), m = 4 (2), m = 6, m = 8, m = 1.0 9, m = 0.78
1.0 0.643 0.8214 0.565
Wa 0.17 0.8556 0.6886 0.957 0.33 0.845
Wb 0.83 0.1444 0.3114 0.043 0.67 0.155
-Ca 0.08556 0.06886 0.0957 0.033 0.0762
-Cb 0.076 0.01444 0.03114 0.061 0.0158
Ca DL 0.018 0.0504 0.0377 0.0574 0.020 0.0298
Cb DL 0.027 0.0087 0.0173 0.0046 0.023 0.0088
Ca LL 0.027 0.0705 0.0459 0.0715 0.028 0.0436
Cb LL 0.032 0.0107 0.0213 0.0066 0.030 0.0154
Values were interpolated
UNIFORM LOAD CARRIED BY THE LONGER BEAM:
𝑊𝑎 (𝑊)
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = < ∅𝑉𝑐𝑠
𝑙𝑏(2)
Case 3 (1)
0.17 (196.61) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟑 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒔 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟓, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.6(2) 𝒎
Case 4 (1)
0.8556 (187.67 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟒 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒔 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟓, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
5.6(2) 𝒎
Case 4 (2)
0.6886 (239.72 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟒 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒔 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟓, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
5.6(2) 𝒎
Case 6 (1)
0.957 (111.30 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟗 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒔 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟓, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.6(2) 𝒎
Case 8 (1)
0.33 (196.61 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟓 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒔 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟓, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.6(2) 𝒎
Case 9 (1)
0.845 (154.11 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟓 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒔 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟗𝟓, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.6(2) 𝒎
UNIFORM LOAD CARRIED BY THE SHORTER BEAM:
𝑊𝑏 (𝑊)
𝑊𝑢𝑠 = < ∅𝑉𝑐𝑙
𝑙𝑎(2)
Case 3 (1)
0.83 (196.61) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 17.74 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒍 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟗, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.6(2) 𝒎
Case 4 (1)
0.1444(187.67 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟔 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒍 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟗, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
3.6(2) 𝒎
Case 4 (2)
0.3114(239.72 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟏 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒍 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟗, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.6(2) 𝒎
Case 6 (1)
0.043 (111.30 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 0.92 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒍 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟗, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
2.6(2) 𝒎
Case 8 (1)
0.67 (196.61 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟐 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒍 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟗, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.6(2) 𝒎
Case 9 (1)
0.155 (154.11 ) 𝒌𝑵
𝑊𝑢𝐿 = = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟐 < ∅𝑽𝒄𝒍 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟗, (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
3.6(2) 𝒎

CHECK FOR MOMENT:

Factored Loads:
Wu = 1.2DL +1.6LL
Wu = 1.2(5.2216) + 1.6(1.9) = 9.30592 kPa = 9.31 kPa
Wdl = 1.2(5.2216) = 6.26592 kPa = 6.27 kPa
Wll = 1.6(1.9) = 3.04 kPa
Slab 1 - CASE 9 (1)
1. Moment along the short direction, 𝑴𝒂 = 𝑪𝒂 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒂
a.) @Midspan (middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 0.0298 (6.27)(3.62 ) = 2.422 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 0.0436 (3.04)(3.62 ) = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝑴𝒂𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒂𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟐𝟐 + 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏𝟖 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (+𝑀𝑎)
3
1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (4.14) = −𝟏. 𝟑𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑎 = −𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎2
−𝑀𝑎 = −0.0762(9.31)(3.62 )= -9.194 kN-m

2. MOMENT ALONG THE LONG DIRECTION, 𝑴𝒃 = 𝑪𝒃 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒃

a.) @Midspan (Middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑏2
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 0.0088 (6.27)(4.62 ) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑏2

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 0.0154 (3.04)(4.62 ) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝑴𝒃𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒃𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟔𝟖 + 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝟗 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (+𝑀𝑏)
3
1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝟗) = −𝟎. 𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑏 = −𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏2 ; m = 0.80 ; Cb =0.029 (TABLE 12.3, CASE #4)
−𝑀𝑏 = −0.0158(9.31)(4.62 )= -3.113 kN-m

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
1. ALONG SHORT SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Ma
Mu 4.14
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

4.14∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.299

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.299)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏
275 0.85(21.5)

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = −𝟏. 𝟑𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

1.38∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.01

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.01)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

c.) @Continuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = 9.194 kN-m
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

9.194∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.66

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.66)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )< 𝜌 1.4
275 0.85(21.5) min=
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

275

𝜌min=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐 (fy>275)
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝝆 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏
Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
2.ALONG LONG SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Mb
Mu = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝟗 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

2.159∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.191

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.191)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌 1.4
275 0.85(21.5) min=
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edge

Mu = -Mb
Mu = −𝟎. 𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

0.72∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.064

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.64)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

c.) @Continuous edges

Mu = -Mb
Mu = -3.113 kN-m
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

3.113∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.276

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.276)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051) (1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

Slab 2 - CASE 8 (1)

1. Moment along the short direction, 𝑴𝒂 = 𝑪𝒂 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒂
a.) @Midspan (middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 0.02 (6.27)(4.62 ) = 2.653 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 0.028 (3.04)(4.62 ) = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝑴𝒂𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒂𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟑 + 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (+𝑀𝑎)
3
 1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (4.454) = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑎 = −𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎2
−𝑀𝑎 = −0.033(9.31)(4.62 )= -6.5 kN-m

2. MOMENT ALONG THE LONG DIRECTION, 𝑴𝒃 = 𝑪𝒃 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒃

a.) @Midspan (Middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑏2
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 0.023 (6.27)(4.62 ) = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟓𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑏2

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 0.03 (3.04)(4.62 ) = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝑴𝒃𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒃𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟓𝟏 + 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (+𝑀𝑏)
3
1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (𝟒. 𝟗𝟖𝟏) = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑏 = −𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏2
−𝑀𝑏 = −0.061(9.31)(4.62 )= -12.017 kN-m

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
1. ALONG SHORT SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Ma
Mu = 4.454
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

4.454∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.322

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.322)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏
275 0.85(21.5)

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

1.485∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.107

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.107)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.
c.) @Continuous edges
Mu = -Ma
Mu = -6.5 kN-m
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

6.5∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.47

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.47)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

275

𝜌min=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐 (fy>275)
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝝆 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏
Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
2.ALONG LONG SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Mb
Mu = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟖𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

4.981∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.441

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.441)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.
b.) @Discontinuous edge
Mu = -Mb
Mu = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

0.72∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.147

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.147)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.
c.) @Continuous edges
Mu = -Mb
Mu = -12.017 kN-m
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

12.017∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 1.064

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(1.064)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051) (1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.
Slab 3 – CASE 3 (1)
1. Moment along the short direction, 𝑴𝒂 = 𝑪𝒂 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒂
a.) @Midspan (middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 0.018 (6.27)(4.62 ) = 2.388 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 0.027 (3.04)(4.62 ) = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟕 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝑴𝒂𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒂𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟖𝟖 + 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟕 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (+𝑀𝑎)
3
1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (4.125) = −𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3

2. MOMENT ALONG THE LONG DIRECTION, 𝑴𝒃 = 𝑪𝒃 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒃

a.) @Midspan (Middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑏2
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 0.027 (6.27)(4.62 ) = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟖𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑏2

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 0.032 (3.04)(4.62 ) = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝑴𝒃𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒃𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟖𝟐 + 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝟖 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

 1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (+𝑀𝑏)
3
1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (𝟓. 𝟔𝟒) = −𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑏 = −𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏2
−𝑀𝑏 = −0.076(9.31)(4.62 )= -14.972 kN-m

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
1. ALONG SHORT SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Ma
Mu = 4.125
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

4.125∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.298

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.298)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = −𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

1.375∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.099

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.099)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
2.ALONG LONG SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Mb
Mu = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

5.64∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.5

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.5)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edge

Mu = -Mb
Mu = −𝟎𝟏. 𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

1.88∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.167

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.167)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

c.) @Continuous edges

Mu = -Mb
Mu = -14.972 kN-m
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

14.972∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 1.326

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(1.326)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051) (1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

Slab 4 - CASE 6 (1)

1. Moment along the short direction, 𝑴𝒂 = 𝑪𝒂 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒂
a.) @Midspan (middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 0.0574 (6.27)(2.62 ) = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 0.0715 (3.04)(2.62 ) = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟔𝟗 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝑴𝒂𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒂𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏. 𝟒𝟔𝟗 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (+𝑀𝑎)
3
1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (3.902) = −𝟏. 𝟑𝟎 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑎 = −𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎2
−𝑀𝑎 = −0.0957(9.31)(2.62 )= -6.023 kN-m

2. MOMENT ALONG THE LONG DIRECTION, 𝑴𝒃 = 𝑪𝒃 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒃

a.) @Midspan (Middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑏2
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 0.0046 (6.27)(4.62 ) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑏2

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 0.0066 (3.04)(4.62 ) = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝑴𝒃𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒃𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (+𝑀𝑏)
3
1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟓) = −𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
1. ALONG SHORT SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Ma
Mu = 3.902
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

3.902∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.282
 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.282)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = −𝟏. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

1.3∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.094
 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.094)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

c.) @Continuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = - 6.023kN-m
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

6.023∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.435
 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.435)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

275

𝜌min=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐 (fy>275)
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝝆 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
2.ALONG LONG SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Mb
Mu = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

1.035∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.092
 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.092)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edge

Mu = -Mb
Mu = −𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90
 0.345∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.031

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.031)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.
Slab 5 - CASE 4 (1)
1. Moment along the short direction, 𝑴𝒂 = 𝑪𝒂 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒂
a.) @Midspan (middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 0.0504 (6.27)(3.62 ) = 4.095 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 0.0705 (3.04)(3.62 ) = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝑴𝒂𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒂𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟗𝟓 + 𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟖 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝟑 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (+𝑀𝑎)
3
1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (6.873) = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑎 = −𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎2
−𝑀𝑎 = −0.08556(9.31)(3.62 )= -10.323 kN-m

2. MOMENT ALONG THE LONG DIRECTION, 𝑴𝒃 = 𝑪𝒃 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒃

a.) @Midspan (Middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑏2
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 0.0087 (6.27)(5.62 ) = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑏2

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 0.0107 (3.04)(5.62 ) = 1.02 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
+𝑴𝒃 = 𝑴𝒃𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒃𝑳𝑳
+𝑴𝒃 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (+𝑀𝑏)
3
1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (𝟐. 𝟕𝟑𝟏) = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑏 = −𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏2
−𝑀𝑏 = −0.01444(9.31)(5.62 )= -4.216 kN-m

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
1. ALONG SHORT SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Ma
Mu = 6.873
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

6.873∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.497

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.497)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦
𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051
275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

2.291∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.166

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.166)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

c.) @Continuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = -10.323 kN-m
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

10.323∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.746

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.746)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

275

𝜌min=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐 (fy>275)
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝝆 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏
Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
2.ALONG LONG SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Mb
Mu = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

2.731∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.242

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.242)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌 1.4
275 0.85(21.5) min=
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edge

Mu = -Mb
Mu = −𝟎. 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

0.91∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.081

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.081)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

c.) @Continuous edges

Mu = -Mb
Mu = -4.216 kN-m
𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

4.216∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.373

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.373)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051) (1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

Slab 6 - CASE 4 (2)

1. Moment along the short direction, 𝑴𝒂 = 𝑪𝒂 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒂
a.) @Midspan (middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐷𝐿 = 0.0377 (6.27)(4.62 ) = 5.002 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑎2
𝑀𝑎𝐿𝐿 = 0.0459 (3.04)(4.62 ) = 2.953 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝑴𝒂𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒂𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒂 = 𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 + 𝟐. 𝟗𝟓𝟑 = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟓𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (+𝑀𝑎)
3
1
−𝑀𝑎 = − (7.955) = −𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑎 = −𝐶𝑎 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑎2
−𝑀𝑎 = −0.06886(9.31)(4.62 )= -13.565 kN-m

2. MOMENT ALONG THE LONG DIRECTION, 𝑴𝒃 = 𝑪𝒃 𝒘𝒖 𝒍𝟐𝒃

a.) @Midspan (Middle strip), (+M)
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑑𝑙 𝑙𝑏2
𝑀𝑏𝐷𝐿 = 0.0173 (6.27)(5.62 ) = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑏2

𝑀𝑏𝐿𝐿 = 0.0213 (3.04)(5.62 ) = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝑴𝒃𝑫𝑳 + 𝑴𝒃𝑳𝑳

+𝑴𝒃 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟎𝟐 + 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟏 = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

b.) @Discontinuous edges (column strip) (-M)

1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (+𝑀𝑏)
3
1
−𝑀𝑏 = − (𝟓. 𝟒𝟑𝟑) = −𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
3
c.) @Continuous edges (column strip) (-M)
−𝑀𝑏 = −𝐶𝑏 𝑤𝑢 𝑙𝑏2
−𝑀𝑏 = −0.03114(9.31)(5.62 )= -3.818 kN-m

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
1. ALONG SHORT SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Ma
Mu = 7.955
 𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

7.955∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.575

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.575)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = −𝟐. 𝟔𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
 𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

2.652∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.192

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.01)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

c.) @Continuous edges

Mu = -Ma
Mu = 13.565 kN-m
 𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑠2 ; Φ = 0.90

13.565∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(124)2 = 0.98

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.98)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

275

𝜌min=𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐 (fy>275)
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝝆 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏
Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(124) = 632.4 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 2h = 300 mm
𝐴𝑠
S =250 mm
113.097(1000)
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒎
632.4
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

SPACING REQUIREMENTS:
2.ALONG LONG SPAN
Use 12 mm diameter bar
a.) @Middle strip (+M, bottom bars)
Mu = +Mb
Mu = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
 𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

5.433∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.481

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.481)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

b.) @Discontinuous edge

Mu = -Mb
Mu = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
 𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

1.811∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.16

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.16)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051)(1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.

c.) @Continuous edges

Mu = -Mb
Mu = 3.818 kN-m
 𝑀𝑢
Ru = Φ𝑏𝑑𝑙2 ; Φ = 0.90

3.818∗106
Ru = 0.90(1000)(112)2 = 0.338

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5 2(0.338)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) < 𝜌min=1.4
275 0.85(21.5) 𝑓𝑦

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =0.0051

275

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < 𝜌min ,𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝜌min = 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏

Required As:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = (0.0051) (1000)(112) = 571.2 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing:
Π (122 )
Ab = = 113.097 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4

𝐴𝑏 (1000) Maximum Spacing:

𝑠=
𝐴𝑠 S = 2h = 300 mm
113.097(1000) S =250 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒎𝒎
571.2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 12 𝑚𝑚 𝜙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 @ 𝟏𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪.
V. DESIGN FOR STAIRCASE
Schedule of Stairs
Location X(mm) Y(mm Tread Riser h(mm) Flexure Shrinkage
)
16mm∅
12mm∅
Ground to spaced
2250 1750 250 200 125 spaced 460
2nd Floor 410 mm
mm O.C
O.C
16mm∅
Stair 16mm∅
2nd Floor to spaced
2250 1600 250 200 125 spaced 410
3rd Floor 410 mm
mm O.C
O.C
16mm∅
16mm∅
3rd Floor to spaced
2250 1600 250 200 125 spaced 410
Roof Deck 410 mm
mm O.C
O.C
Stairs from Ground Floor to 2nd Floor (First Half)
I. Stair Dimension
A. 𝑦 = 1,750 𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑟 = 200 𝑚𝑚
C. 𝑡 = 250 𝑚𝑚
D. Number of Riser, Nr

𝑦
𝑁𝑟 = 𝑟
1750
𝑁𝑟 = = 8.75 ≈ 9 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠
200

E. Number of treads, Nt

𝑁𝑡 = 𝑁𝑟 = 9 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
F. Horizontal span, X

𝑥 = 𝑡 × 𝑁𝑡 = 250(9)
𝑥 = 2250 𝑚𝑚

G. Length of Stair

𝐿𝑛 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = √(2250)2 + (1750)2
𝐿𝑛 = 2850 𝑚𝑚

H. Slab Thickness Factor, k

𝐹𝑦
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700
275
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700 = 0.793

I. Thickness of Slab, h

𝑘𝐿
ℎ = 700𝑛
(0.793)(2850 𝑚𝑚)
ℎ= 20

ℎ = 113.0025 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 125 𝑚𝑚
 J. Vertical Depth y

ℎ
𝑦 = 𝑡 √𝑟 2 + 𝑡 2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
𝑦 = 160.078 𝑚𝑚

K. Effective Depth, d

𝑑𝑏 = 16 𝑚𝑚∅ 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑑 = ℎ − 20 − 0.5𝑑𝑏
𝑑 = 125 − 20 − 0.5(16)
𝑑 = 97 𝑚𝑚

II. Load on Stair

A. Live Load, WL

1.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9 2 (1𝑚)
𝑚
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9
𝑚

B. Weight of Stair, 𝑊𝑠

0.5𝑡[𝑟 + 2𝑦]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 𝛾𝑐
𝑡
0.5(0.25)[(0.20)+2(0.160078)]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 24
0.25
𝑊𝐷 = 6.242 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

C. Ultimate uniform load, 𝑊𝑢

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2𝑊𝐷 + 1.6𝑊𝐿
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚
III. Design for Shear
1
𝑉𝑐 = 6 √𝐹𝑐 ′𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑐 = √21.5(1000)(97)
6
𝑉𝑐 = 74961.750 𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85(74961.750 𝑁)
∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
1
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 2 𝑊𝑢 𝑥
1 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = (10530.246 )(2.25 m)
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 11846.527 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢𝑚 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 11846.527 𝑁 − 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚 (0.097)
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 10825.093 𝑁 < ∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
∴ Slab is Adequate in shear

IV. Design for Flexure

Area of one 16 𝑚𝑚∅ Steel Bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑑2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 4 (16 𝑚𝑚)2
𝐴𝑏 = 64𝜋
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥
𝑓𝑦
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 275 = 0.0051
√𝑓𝑐 ′ √21.5
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ = =0.0042
4𝑓𝑦 4(275)
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600 0.85(21.5)(0.85) 600
𝜌𝑏 = ∗ 600+ 𝑓 = ∗ 600+275 = 0.0387
𝑓𝑦 𝑦 275
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.63𝜌𝑏 = 0.63(0.0387) = 0.0244
1 1
𝑀𝑢 = 8 (𝑊𝑢 𝑥 2 ) = 8 (10530.246 𝑁/𝑚) (2.25 m)2 = 6.6637 KN*m
𝑢 𝑀
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑓 ′𝑏𝑑 2
𝑐
6.6637𝐾𝑁∗𝑚
𝑅𝑛 = 0.90(21.5)(1000)(97)2 = 0.000037
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7𝑅𝑛
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7(0.000037)
𝜔 = 0.000037
 𝜔𝑓𝑐 ′
𝜌= 𝑓𝑦
0.000037(21.5)
𝜌= = 0.00000286
275

𝜌 = 0.00000286 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051

∴ use 𝜌 = 0.0051

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000∗64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆= = = 406.432 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 410 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
∴ Provide 16 𝑚𝑚∅ flexure bar spaced @ 410 mm O.C.

𝐴
𝜌 = 𝑆𝑑𝑏
64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌 = 410 𝑚𝑚(97𝑚𝑚) = 0.0051

V. Shrinkage Bars
Area of one 12 𝑚𝑚∅ bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 𝐷2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 4 (12)2
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 36𝜋

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.002𝑏ℎ = 0.002(1000)(125) = 250 𝑚𝑚2

1000(𝐴𝑏𝑡 )
𝑆= 𝐴𝑠𝑡
1000(36𝜋)
𝑆= = 452.39 𝑚𝑚2 ≈ 460 𝑚𝑚
250
∴ Provide 12 𝑚𝑚∅ temperature bars spaced @ 460 mm O.C.

IV. Development Length

𝐿𝑑 = 0.5𝐿 + 150
𝐿𝑑 = 0.5(2850) + 150 = 1575 𝑚𝑚
200
𝐶𝑏 ≤ = 100 𝑚𝑚
100
40𝐴𝑡𝑟
𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 𝑆𝑛

𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 0 (as design simplification)

 𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 100 + 0
𝑘= = = 8.33
𝑑𝑏 12
𝑘 ≤ 2.5
a. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
b. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 176.23 𝑚𝑚
2.1(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠
𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑
𝑘∗1.4𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 264.34 𝑚𝑚
1.4(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 0.00000286
𝑅𝐹 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 0.0051
𝑅𝐹 = 0.000056
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 𝑅𝐹 ∗ 𝑙𝑑
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 0.000056 ∗ 264.34 𝑚𝑚 = 0.1482 𝑚𝑚

Since 𝑙𝑑 > 𝑙𝑑 , Anchorage requirement for flexure reinforcement is adequately provided

VII. Loads Transmitted to supporting Beams
1
𝐷𝐿(𝐿)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 𝐵
1
(6.242)(2.85)
2
𝐷𝐿 = = 8.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
1
𝐿𝐿(𝐿)
2
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐵
1
(1.9)(2.85)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 = 2.71 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1

Stairs from Ground Floor to 2nd Floor (Second Half)

I. Stair Dimension
A. 𝑦 = 1,750 𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑟 = 200 𝑚𝑚
C. 𝑡 = 250 𝑚𝑚
D. Number of Riser, Nr

𝑦
𝑁𝑟 = 𝑟
1750
𝑁𝑟 = = 8.75 ≈ 9 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠
200

E. Number of treads, Nt

𝑁𝑡 = 𝑁𝑟 = 9 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
F. Horizontal span, X

𝑥 = 𝑡 × 𝑁𝑡 = 250(9)
𝑥 = 2250 𝑚𝑚

G. Length of Stair

𝐿𝑛 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = √(2250)2 + (1750)2
𝐿𝑛 = 2850 𝑚𝑚

H. Slab Thickness Factor, k

𝐹𝑦
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700
275
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700 = 0.793

I. Thickness of Slab, h

𝑘𝐿
ℎ = 700𝑛
(0.793)(2850 𝑚𝑚)
ℎ= 20

ℎ = 113.0025 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 125 𝑚𝑚

J. Vertical Depth y

ℎ
𝑦 = 𝑡 √𝑟 2 + 𝑡 2
 125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
𝑦 = 160.078 𝑚𝑚

K. Effective Depth, d

𝑑𝑏 = 16 𝑚𝑚∅ 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑑 = ℎ − 20 − 0.5𝑑𝑏
𝑑 = 125 − 20 − 0.5(16)
𝑑 = 97 𝑚𝑚

II. Load on Stair

A. Live Load, WL

1.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9 2 (1𝑚)
𝑚
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9
𝑚

B. Weight of Stair, 𝑊𝑠

0.5𝑡[𝑟 + 2𝑦]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 𝛾𝑐
𝑡
0.5(0.25)[(0.20)+2(0.160078)]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 24
0.25
𝑊𝐷 = 6.242 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

C. Ultimate uniform load, 𝑊𝑢

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2𝑊𝐷 + 1.6𝑊𝐿
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚

III. Design for Shear

1
𝑉𝑐 = 6 √𝐹𝑐 ′𝑏𝑑
 1
𝑉𝑐 = √21.5(1000)(97)
6
𝑉𝑐 = 74961.750 𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85(74961.750 𝑁)
∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
1
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 2 𝑊𝑢 𝑥
1 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = (10530.246 )(2.25 m)
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 11846.527 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢𝑚 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 11846.527 𝑁 − 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚 (0.097)
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 10825.093 𝑁 < ∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
∴ Slab is Adequate in shear

IV. Design for Flexure

Area of one 16 𝑚𝑚∅ Steel Bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑑2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 4 (16 𝑚𝑚)2
𝐴𝑏 = 64𝜋
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥
𝑓𝑦
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 275 = 0.0051
√𝑓𝑐 ′ √21.5
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ = =0.0042
4𝑓𝑦 4(275)
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600 0.85(21.5)(0.85) 600
𝜌𝑏 = ∗ 600+ 𝑓 = ∗ 600+275 = 0.0387
𝑓𝑦 𝑦 275
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.63𝜌𝑏 = 0.63(0.0387) = 0.0244
1 1
𝑀𝑢 = 8 (𝑊𝑢 𝑥 2 ) = 8 (10530.246 𝑁/𝑚) (2.25 m)2 = 6.6637 KN*m
𝑢 𝑀
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑓 ′𝑏𝑑 2
𝑐
6.6637𝐾𝑁∗𝑚
𝑅𝑛 = 0.90(21.5)(1000)(97)2 = 0.000037
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7𝑅𝑛
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7(0.000037)
𝜔 = 0.000037
𝜔𝑓𝑐 ′
𝜌= 𝑓𝑦
0.000037(21.5)
𝜌= = 0.00000286
275

𝜌 = 0.00000286 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051

 ∴ use 𝜌 = 0.0051

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000∗64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆= = = 406.432 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 410 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
∴ Provide 16 𝑚𝑚∅ flexure bar spaced @ 410 mm O.C.

𝐴
𝜌 = 𝑆𝑑𝑏
64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌= = 0.0051
410 𝑚𝑚(97𝑚𝑚)

V. Shrinkage Bars
Area of one 12 𝑚𝑚∅ bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 𝐷2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 4 (12)2
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 36𝜋

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.002𝑏ℎ = 0.002(1000)(125) = 250 𝑚𝑚2

1000(𝐴𝑏𝑡 )
𝑆= 𝐴𝑠𝑡
1000(36𝜋)
𝑆= = 452.39 𝑚𝑚2 ≈ 460 𝑚𝑚
250
∴ Provide 12 𝑚𝑚∅ temperature bars spaced @ 460 mm O.C.

IV. Development Length

𝐿𝑑 = 0.5𝐿 + 150
𝐿𝑑 = 0.5(2850) + 150 = 1575 𝑚𝑚
200
𝐶𝑏 ≤ = 100 𝑚𝑚
100
40𝐴𝑡𝑟
𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 𝑆𝑛

𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 0 (as design simplification)

𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 100 + 0
𝑘= = = 8.33
𝑑𝑏 12
𝑘 ≤ 2.5
 a. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
b. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 176.23 𝑚𝑚
2.1(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠
𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑
𝑘∗1.4𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 264.34 𝑚𝑚
1.4(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 0.00000286
𝑅𝐹 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 0.0051
𝑅𝐹 = 0.000056
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 𝑅𝐹 ∗ 𝑙𝑑
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 0.000056 ∗ 264.34 𝑚𝑚 = 0.1482 𝑚𝑚

Since 𝑙𝑑 > 𝑙𝑑 , Anchorage requirement for flexure reinforcement is adequately provided

VII. Loads Transmitted to supporting Beams
1
𝐷𝐿(𝐿)
2
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐵
1
(6.242)(2.85)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 = 8.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
1
𝐿𝐿(𝐿)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 𝐵
1
(1.9)(2.85)
2
𝐷𝐿 = = 2.71 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1

Stairs from 2nd Floor to 3rd Floor (First Half)

I. Stair Dimension
A. 𝑦 = 1, 600𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑟 = 200 𝑚𝑚
C. 𝑡 = 250 𝑚𝑚
D. Number of Riser, Nr

𝑦
𝑁𝑟 = 𝑟
1750
𝑁𝑟 = = 8.75 ≈ 9 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠
200

E. Number of treads, Nt

𝑁𝑡 = 𝑁𝑟 = 9 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
 F. Horizontal span, X

𝑥 = 𝑡 × 𝑁𝑡 = 200(9)
𝑥 = 2250 𝑚𝑚

G. Length of Stair

𝐿𝑛 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = √(2250)2 + (1600)2
𝐿𝑛 = 2761 𝑚𝑚

H. Slab Thickness Factor, k

𝐹𝑦
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700
275
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700 = 0.793

I. Thickness of Slab, h

𝑘𝐿
ℎ = 700𝑛
(0.793)(2761 𝑚𝑚)
ℎ= 20

ℎ = 109.469 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 125 𝑚𝑚

J. Vertical Depth y

ℎ
𝑦 = 𝑡 √𝑟 2 + 𝑡 2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
𝑦 = 160.078 𝑚𝑚

K. Effective Depth, d

𝑑𝑏 = 16 𝑚𝑚∅ 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑑 = ℎ − 20 − 0.5𝑑𝑏
𝑑 = 125 − 20 − 0.5(16)
𝑑 = 97 𝑚𝑚

II. Load on Stair

 A. Live Load, WL

1.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9 2 (1𝑚)
𝑚
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9
𝑚

B. Weight of Stair, 𝑊𝑠

0.5𝑡[𝑟 + 2𝑦]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 𝛾𝑐
𝑡
0.5(0.25)[(0.20)+2(0.160078)]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 24
0.25
𝑊𝐷 = 6.242 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

C. Ultimate uniform load, 𝑊𝑢

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2𝑊𝐷 + 1.6𝑊𝐿
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚

III. Design for Shear

1
𝑉𝑐 = 6 √𝐹𝑐 ′𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑐 = √21.5(1000)(97)
6
𝑉𝑐 = 74961.750 𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85(74961.750 𝑁)
∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
1
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 2 𝑊𝑢 𝑥
1 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = (10530.246 )(2.25 m)
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 11846.527 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢𝑚 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 11846.527 𝑁 − 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚 (0.097)
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 10825.093 𝑁 < ∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
∴ Slab is Adequate in shear
IV. Design for Flexure
Area of one 16 𝑚𝑚∅ Steel Bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑑2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 4 (16 𝑚𝑚)2
𝐴𝑏 = 64𝜋
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥
𝑓𝑦
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ = 0.0051
275
√𝑓𝑐 ′ √21.5
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ = =0.0042
4𝑓𝑦 4(275)
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600 0.85(21.5)(0.85) 600
𝜌𝑏 = ∗ 600+ 𝑓 = ∗ 600+275 = 0.0387
𝑓𝑦 𝑦 275
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.63𝜌𝑏 = 0.63(0.0387) = 0.0244
1 1
𝑀𝑢 = 8 (𝑊𝑢 𝑥 2 ) = 8 (10530.246 𝑁/𝑚) (2.25 m)2 = 6.6637 KN*m
𝑢𝑀
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑓 ′𝑏𝑑 2
𝑐
6.6637𝐾𝑁∗𝑚
𝑅𝑛 = 0.90(21.5)(1000)(97)2 = 0.000037
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7𝑅𝑛
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7(0.000037)
𝜔 = 0.000037
𝜔𝑓𝑐 ′
𝜌= 𝑓𝑦
0.000037(21.5)
𝜌= = 0.00000286
275

𝜌 = 0.00000286 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051

∴ use 𝜌 = 0.0051

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000∗64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆= = = 406.432 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 410 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
∴ Provide 16 𝑚𝑚∅ flexure bar spaced @ 410 mm O.C.

𝐴𝑏
𝜌=
𝑆𝑑
64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌 = 410 𝑚𝑚(97𝑚𝑚) = 0.0051
V. Shrinkage Bars
Area of one 12 𝑚𝑚∅ bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 𝐷2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 4 (12)2
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 36𝜋

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.002𝑏ℎ = 0.002(1000)(125) = 250 𝑚𝑚2

1000(𝐴𝑏𝑡 )
𝑆= 𝐴𝑠𝑡
1000(36𝜋)
𝑆= = 452.39 𝑚𝑚2 ≈ 460 𝑚𝑚
250
∴ Provide 12 𝑚𝑚∅ temperature bars spaced @ 460 mm O.C.

IV. Development Length

𝐿𝑑 = 0.5𝐿 + 150
𝐿𝑑 = 0.5(2761) + 150 = 1531 𝑚𝑚
200
𝐶𝑏 ≤ = 100 𝑚𝑚
100
40𝐴𝑡𝑟
𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 𝑆𝑛

𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 0 (as design simplification)

𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 100 + 0
𝑘= = = 8.33
𝑑𝑏 12
𝑘 ≤ 2.5
a. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
b. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 176.23 𝑚𝑚
2.1(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠
𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑
𝑘∗1.4𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 264.34 𝑚𝑚
1.4(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 0.00000286
𝑅𝐹 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 0.0051
𝑅𝐹 = 0.000056
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 𝑅𝐹 ∗ 𝑙𝑑
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 0.000056 ∗ 264.34 𝑚𝑚 = 0.1482 𝑚𝑚
 Since 𝐿𝑑 > 𝑙𝑑 , Anchorage requirement for flexure reinforcement is adequately provided
VII. Loads Transmitted to supporting Beams
1
𝐷𝐿(𝐿)
2
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐵
1
(6.242)(2.761)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 = 8.62 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
1
𝐿𝐿(𝐿)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 𝐵
1
(1.9)(2.761)
2
𝐷𝐿 = = 2.62 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1

Stairs from 2nd Floor to 3rd Floor (Second Half)

I. Stair Dimension
A. 𝑦 = 1, 600𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑟 = 200 𝑚𝑚
C. 𝑡 = 250 𝑚𝑚
D. Number of Riser, Nr

𝑦
𝑁𝑟 = 𝑟
1750
𝑁𝑟 = = 8.75 ≈ 9 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠
200

E. Number of treads, Nt

𝑁𝑡 = 𝑁𝑟 = 9 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
F. Horizontal span, X

𝑥 = 𝑡 × 𝑁𝑡 = 200(9)
𝑥 = 2250 𝑚𝑚

G. Length of Stair

𝐿𝑛 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = √(2250)2 + (1600)2
𝐿𝑛 = 2761 𝑚𝑚

H. Slab Thickness Factor, k

𝐹𝑦
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700
 275
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700 = 0.793

I. Thickness of Slab, h

𝑘𝐿
ℎ = 700𝑛
(0.793)(2761 𝑚𝑚)
ℎ= 20

ℎ = 109.469 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 125 𝑚𝑚

J. Vertical Depth y

ℎ
𝑦 = 𝑡 √𝑟 2 + 𝑡 2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
𝑦 = 160.078 𝑚𝑚

K. Effective Depth, d

𝑑𝑏 = 16 𝑚𝑚∅ 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑑 = ℎ − 20 − 0.5𝑑𝑏
𝑑 = 125 − 20 − 0.5(16)
𝑑 = 97 𝑚𝑚

II. Load on Stair

A. Live Load, WL

1.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9 2 (1𝑚)
𝑚
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9
𝑚

B. Weight of Stair, 𝑊𝑠
 0.5𝑡[𝑟 + 2𝑦]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 𝛾𝑐
𝑡
0.5(0.25)[(0.20)+2(0.160078)]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 24
0.25
𝑊𝐷 = 6.242 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

C. Ultimate uniform load, 𝑊𝑢

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2𝑊𝐷 + 1.6𝑊𝐿
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚

III. Design for Shear

1
𝑉𝑐 = 6 √𝐹𝑐 ′𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑐 = √21.5(1000)(97)
6
𝑉𝑐 = 74961.750 𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85(74961.750 𝑁)
∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
1
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 2 𝑊𝑢 𝑥
1 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = (10530.246 )(2.25 m)
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 11846.527 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢𝑚 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 11846.527 𝑁 − 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚 (0.097)
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 10825.093 𝑁 < ∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
∴ Slab is Adequate in shear

IV. Design for Flexure

Area of one 16 𝑚𝑚∅ Steel Bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑑2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 4 (16 𝑚𝑚)2
𝐴𝑏 = 64𝜋
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥
𝑓𝑦
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 275 = 0.0051
 √𝑓𝑐 ′ √21.5
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ = =0.0042
4𝑓𝑦 4(275)
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600 0.85(21.5)(0.85) 600
𝜌𝑏 = ∗ 600+ 𝑓 = ∗ 600+275 = 0.0387
𝑓𝑦 𝑦 275
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.63𝜌𝑏 = 0.63(0.0387) = 0.0244
1 1
𝑀𝑢 = 8 (𝑊𝑢 𝑥 2 ) = 8 (10530.246 𝑁/𝑚) (2.25 m)2 = 6.6637 KN*m
𝑢𝑀
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑓 ′𝑏𝑑 2
𝑐
6.6637𝐾𝑁∗𝑚
𝑅𝑛 = 0.90(21.5)(1000)(97)2 = 0.000037
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7𝑅𝑛
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7(0.000037)
𝜔 = 0.000037
𝜔𝑓𝑐 ′
𝜌=
𝑓𝑦
0.000037(21.5)
𝜌= = 0.00000286
275

𝜌 = 0.00000286 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051

∴ use 𝜌 = 0.0051

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000∗64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆= = = 406.432 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 410 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
∴ Provide 16 𝑚𝑚∅ flexure bar spaced @ 410 mm O.C.

𝐴
𝜌 = 𝑆𝑑𝑏
64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌 = 410 𝑚𝑚(97𝑚𝑚) = 0.0051

V. Shrinkage Bars
Area of one 12 𝑚𝑚∅ bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 𝐷2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 4 (12)2
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 36𝜋

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.002𝑏ℎ = 0.002(1000)(125) = 250 𝑚𝑚2

1000(𝐴𝑏𝑡 )
𝑆= 𝐴𝑠𝑡
1000(36𝜋)
𝑆= = 452.39 𝑚𝑚2 ≈ 460 𝑚𝑚
250
 ∴ Provide 12 𝑚𝑚∅ temperature bars spaced @ 460 mm O.C.

IV. Development Length

𝐿𝑑 = 0.5𝐿 + 150
𝐿𝑑 = 0.5(2761) + 150 = 1531 𝑚𝑚
200
𝐶𝑏 ≤ = 100 𝑚𝑚
100
40𝐴𝑡𝑟
𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 𝑆𝑛

𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 0 (as design simplification)

𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 100 + 0
𝑘= = = 8.33
𝑑𝑏 12
𝑘 ≤ 2.5
a. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
b. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 176.23 𝑚𝑚
2.1(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠
𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑
𝑘∗1.4𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 264.34 𝑚𝑚
1.4(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 0.00000286
𝑅𝐹 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 0.0051
𝑅𝐹 = 0.000056
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 𝑅𝐹 ∗ 𝑙𝑑
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 0.000056 ∗ 264.34 𝑚𝑚 = 0.1482 𝑚𝑚

Since 𝐿𝑑 > 𝑙𝑑 , Anchorage requirement for flexure reinforcement is adequately provided

VII. Loads Transmitted to supporting Beams
1
𝐷𝐿(𝐿)
2
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐵
1
(6.242)(2.761)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 = 8.62 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
1
𝐿𝐿(𝐿)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 𝐵
1
(1.9)(2.761)
2
𝐷𝐿 = = 2.62 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
Stairs from 3rd Floor to Roof Deck (First Half)
I. Stair Dimension
A. 𝑦 = 1, 600𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑟 = 200 𝑚𝑚
C. 𝑡 = 250 𝑚𝑚
D. Number of Riser, Nr

𝑦
𝑁𝑟 = 𝑟
1750
𝑁𝑟 = = 8.75 ≈ 9 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠
200

E. Number of treads, Nt

𝑁𝑡 = 𝑁𝑟 = 9 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
F. Horizontal span, X

𝑥 = 𝑡 × 𝑁𝑡 = 200(9)
𝑥 = 2250 𝑚𝑚

G. Length of Stair

𝐿𝑛 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = √(2250)2 + (1600)2
𝐿𝑛 = 2761 𝑚𝑚

H. Slab Thickness Factor, k

𝐹𝑦
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700
275
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700 = 0.793

I. Thickness of Slab, h
 𝑘𝐿
ℎ = 700𝑛
(0.793)(2761 𝑚𝑚)
ℎ= 20

ℎ = 109.469 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 125 𝑚𝑚

J. Vertical Depth y

ℎ
𝑦 = 𝑡 √𝑟 2 + 𝑡 2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
𝑦 = 160.078 𝑚𝑚

K. Effective Depth, d

𝑑𝑏 = 16 𝑚𝑚∅ 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑑 = ℎ − 20 − 0.5𝑑𝑏
𝑑 = 125 − 20 − 0.5(16)
𝑑 = 97 𝑚𝑚

II. Load on Stair

A. Live Load, WL

1.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9 2 (1𝑚)
𝑚
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9
𝑚

B. Weight of Stair, 𝑊𝑠

0.5𝑡[𝑟 + 2𝑦]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 𝛾𝑐
𝑡
0.5(0.25)[(0.20)+2(0.160078)]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 24
0.25
𝑊𝐷 = 6.242 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
 C. Ultimate uniform load, 𝑊𝑢

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2𝑊𝐷 + 1.6𝑊𝐿
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚

III. Design for Shear

1
𝑉𝑐 = 6 √𝐹𝑐 ′𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑐 = √21.5(1000)(97)
6
𝑉𝑐 = 74961.750 𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85(74961.750 𝑁)
∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
1
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 2 𝑊𝑢 𝑥
1 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = (10530.246 )(2.25 m)
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 11846.527 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢𝑚 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 11846.527 𝑁 − 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚 (0.097)
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 10825.093 𝑁 < ∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
∴ Slab is Adequate in shear

IV. Design for Flexure

Area of one 16 𝑚𝑚∅ Steel Bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑑2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 4 (16 𝑚𝑚)2
𝐴𝑏 = 64𝜋
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥
𝑓𝑦
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 275 = 0.0051
√𝑓𝑐 ′ √21.5
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ = =0.0042
4𝑓𝑦 4(275)
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600 0.85(21.5)(0.85) 600
𝜌𝑏 = ∗ 600+ 𝑓 = ∗ 600+275 = 0.0387
𝑓𝑦 𝑦 275
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.63𝜌𝑏 = 0.63(0.0387) = 0.0244
 1 1
𝑀𝑢 = 8 (𝑊𝑢 𝑥 2 ) = 8 (10530.246 𝑁/𝑚) (2.25 m)2 = 6.6637 KN*m
𝑢 𝑀
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑓 ′𝑏𝑑 2
𝑐
6.6637𝐾𝑁∗𝑚
𝑅𝑛 = 0.90(21.5)(1000)(97)2 = 0.000037
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7𝑅𝑛
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7(0.000037)
𝜔 = 0.000037
𝜔𝑓𝑐 ′
𝜌= 𝑓𝑦
0.000037(21.5)
𝜌= = 0.00000286
275

𝜌 = 0.00000286 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051

∴ use 𝜌 = 0.0051

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000∗64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆= = = 406.432 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 410 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
∴ Provide 16 𝑚𝑚∅ flexure bar spaced @ 410 mm O.C.

𝐴
𝜌 = 𝑆𝑑𝑏
64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌 = 410 𝑚𝑚(97𝑚𝑚) = 0.0051

V. Shrinkage Bars
Area of one 12 𝑚𝑚∅ bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 𝐷2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 4 (12)2
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 36𝜋

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.002𝑏ℎ = 0.002(1000)(125) = 250 𝑚𝑚2

1000(𝐴𝑏𝑡 )
𝑆= 𝐴𝑠𝑡
1000(36𝜋)
𝑆= = 452.39 𝑚𝑚2 ≈ 460 𝑚𝑚
250
∴ Provide 12 𝑚𝑚∅ temperature bars spaced @ 460 mm O.C.

IV. Development Length

𝐿𝑑 = 0.5𝐿 + 150
 𝐿𝑑 = 0.5(2761) + 150 = 1531 𝑚𝑚
200
𝐶𝑏 ≤ = 100 𝑚𝑚
100
40𝐴𝑡𝑟
𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 𝑆𝑛

𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 0 (as design simplification)

𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 100 + 0
𝑘= = = 8.33
𝑑𝑏 12
𝑘 ≤ 2.5
a. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
b. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 176.23 𝑚𝑚
2.1(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠
𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑
𝑘∗1.4𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 264.34 𝑚𝑚
1.4(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 0.00000286
𝑅𝐹 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 0.0051
𝑅𝐹 = 0.000056
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 𝑅𝐹 ∗ 𝑙𝑑
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 0.000056 ∗ 264.34 𝑚𝑚 = 0.1482 𝑚𝑚

Since 𝐿𝑑 > 𝑙𝑑 , Anchorage requirement for flexure reinforcement is adequately provided

VII. Loads Transmitted to supporting Beams
1
𝐷𝐿(𝐿)
2
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐵
1
(6.242)(2.761)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 = 8.62 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
1
𝐿𝐿(𝐿)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 𝐵
1
(1.9)(2.761)
2
𝐷𝐿 = = 2.62 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
Stairs from 3rd Floor to Roof Deck (Second Half)
I. Stair Dimension
A. 𝑦 = 1, 600𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑟 = 200 𝑚𝑚
C. 𝑡 = 250 𝑚𝑚
D. Number of Riser, Nr

𝑦
𝑁𝑟 = 𝑟
1750
𝑁𝑟 = = 8.75 ≈ 9 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠
200

E. Number of treads, Nt

𝑁𝑡 = 𝑁𝑟 = 9 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠
F. Horizontal span, X

𝑥 = 𝑡 × 𝑁𝑡 = 200(9)
𝑥 = 2250 𝑚𝑚

G. Length of Stair

𝐿𝑛 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = √(2250)2 + (1600)2
𝐿𝑛 = 2761 𝑚𝑚

H. Slab Thickness Factor, k

𝐹𝑦
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700
275
𝑘 = 0.4 + 700 = 0.793

I. Thickness of Slab, h

𝑘𝐿
ℎ = 700𝑛
(0.793)(2761 𝑚𝑚)
ℎ= 20

ℎ = 109.469 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 125 𝑚𝑚
 J. Vertical Depth y

ℎ
𝑦 = 𝑡 √𝑟 2 + 𝑡 2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
125 𝑚𝑚
𝑦= 250 𝑚𝑚
√(200)2 + (250)2
𝑦 = 160.078 𝑚𝑚

K. Effective Depth, d

𝑑𝑏 = 16 𝑚𝑚∅ 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑑 = ℎ − 20 − 0.5𝑑𝑏
𝑑 = 125 − 20 − 0.5(16)
𝑑 = 97 𝑚𝑚

II. Load on Stair

A. Live Load, WL

1.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9 2 (1𝑚)
𝑚
𝐾𝑁
𝑊1 = 1.9
𝑚

B. Weight of Stair, 𝑊𝑠

0.5𝑡[𝑟 + 2𝑦]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 𝛾𝑐
𝑡
0.5(0.25)[(0.20)+2(0.160078)]
𝑊𝐷 = [ ] 24
0.25
𝑊𝐷 = 6.242 𝐾𝑁/𝑚

C. Ultimate uniform load, 𝑊𝑢

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2𝑊𝐷 + 1.6𝑊𝐿
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
𝑊𝑢 = 1.2(6241.872) + 1.6(1900)
 𝑊𝑢 = 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚

III. Design for Shear

1
𝑉𝑐 = 6 √𝐹𝑐 ′𝑏𝑑
1
𝑉𝑐 = √21.5(1000)(97)
6
𝑉𝑐 = 74961.750 𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.85(74961.750 𝑁)
∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
1
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 2 𝑊𝑢 𝑥
1 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = (10530.246 )(2.25 m)
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑚 = 11846.527 𝑁
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 𝑉𝑢𝑚 − 𝑊𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 11846.527 𝑁 − 10530.246 𝑁/𝑚 (0.097)
𝑉𝑢𝑑 = 10825.093 𝑁 < ∅𝑉𝑐 = 63717.487 𝑁
∴ Slab is Adequate in shear

IV. Design for Flexure

Area of one 16 𝑚𝑚∅ Steel Bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑑2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = 4 (16 𝑚𝑚)2
𝐴𝑏 = 64𝜋
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥
𝑓𝑦
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 275 = 0.0051
√𝑓𝑐 ′ √21.5
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ = =0.0042
4𝑓𝑦 4(275)
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600 0.85(21.5)(0.85) 600
𝜌𝑏 = ∗ 600+ 𝑓 = ∗ 600+275 = 0.0387
𝑓𝑦 𝑦 275
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.63𝜌𝑏 = 0.63(0.0387) = 0.0244
1 1
𝑀𝑢 = 8 (𝑊𝑢 𝑥 2 ) = 8 (10530.246 𝑁/𝑚) (2.25 m)2 = 6.6637 KN*m
𝑢 𝑀
𝑅𝑛 = ∅𝑓 ′𝑏𝑑 2
𝑐
6.6637𝐾𝑁∗𝑚
𝑅𝑛 = 0.90(21.5)(1000)(97)2 = 0.000037
𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7𝑅𝑛
 𝜔 = 0.85 − √0.7225 − 1.7(0.000037)
𝜔 = 0.000037
𝜔𝑓𝑐 ′
𝜌= 𝑓𝑦
0.000037(21.5)
𝜌= = 0.00000286
275

𝜌 = 0.00000286 < 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0051

∴ use 𝜌 = 0.0051

𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = (0.0051)(1000)(97)
𝐴𝑠 = 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
1000𝐴𝑏 1000∗64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝑆= = = 406.432 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 410 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 494.7 𝑚𝑚2
∴ Provide 16 𝑚𝑚∅ flexure bar spaced @ 410 mm O.C.

𝐴
𝜌 = 𝑆𝑑𝑏
64𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝜌 = 410 𝑚𝑚(97𝑚𝑚) = 0.0051

V. Shrinkage Bars
Area of one 12 𝑚𝑚∅ bar
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 𝐷2
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 4 (12)2
𝐴𝑏𝑡 = 36𝜋

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.002𝑏ℎ = 0.002(1000)(125) = 250 𝑚𝑚2

1000(𝐴𝑏𝑡 )
𝑆= 𝐴𝑠𝑡
1000(36𝜋)
𝑆= = 452.39 𝑚𝑚2 ≈ 460 𝑚𝑚
250
∴ Provide 12 𝑚𝑚∅ temperature bars spaced @ 460 mm O.C.

IV. Development Length

𝐿𝑑 = 0.5𝐿 + 150
𝐿𝑑 = 0.5(2761) + 150 = 1531 𝑚𝑚
200
𝐶𝑏 ≤ = 100 𝑚𝑚
100
 40𝐴𝑡𝑟
𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 𝑆𝑛

𝐾𝑡𝑟 = 0 (as design simplification)

𝐶𝑏 + 𝐾𝑡𝑟 100 + 0
𝑘= = = 8.33
𝑑𝑏 12
𝑘 ≤ 2.5
a. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
b. 𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 176.23 𝑚𝑚
2.1(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠
𝑙𝑑 ≥ 𝑑
𝑘∗1.4𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏
275(1.3)(1.0)(1.0)(12)
𝑙𝑑 ≥ = 264.34 𝑚𝑚
1.4(1.0)√21.5(2.5)
𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝜌 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 0.00000286
𝑅𝐹 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 𝜌 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 0.0051
𝑅𝐹 = 0.000056
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 𝑅𝐹 ∗ 𝑙𝑑
𝑙𝑑𝑚 = 0.000056 ∗ 264.34 𝑚𝑚 = 0.1482 𝑚𝑚

Since 𝐿𝑑 > 𝑙𝑑 , Anchorage requirement for flexure reinforcement is adequately provided

VII. Loads Transmitted to supporting Beams
1
𝐷𝐿(𝐿)
2
𝐷𝐿 = 𝐵
1
(6.242)(2.761)
2
𝐷𝐿 = = 8.62 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
1
𝐿𝐿(𝐿)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 𝐵
1
(1.9)(2.761)
𝐷𝐿 = 2 = 2.62 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
1
DESIGN OF STAIRS:

STAIR ELEMENTS:
Rise, Rs = 150 mm
Tread, Ts = 300 mm
Lc = 5000 mm
Landing, L1 = 1000 mm
Landing, L2= 1000 mm
LS = 3000 mm
Headroom 1 = 1500 mm
Headroom 2 = 1500 mm
No. of steps, flight 1 = 10
No. of steps, flight 2 = 10
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
Fy = 275 MPa

Υc = 23.4 kN/𝑚3
db (main bar) = 16 mm
dt (temperature bar) = 12 mm
cc ( concrete covering) = 20 mm

LOADING
DEAD LOAD kN/𝒎𝟐
Solid flat tiles on 25-mm mortar base 1.1
Other Materials 1
Total: 2.1
LIVE LOAD 2.9
(using exterior balconies)
 CALCULATE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF SLAB:

If fy = 415 MPa, K = 1
𝑓𝑦
If fy ≠ 415 MPa, K = (0.4 + )
700
275
K = (0.4 + ) = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗
700

𝑘𝑙
ℎ=
20
0.79(5000)
ℎ= = 197.5 𝑚𝑚 , 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒉 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
20

Tread = 300

Rise= 150 Hyp = 335

Take 1 meter strip along the span:

𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑
cos (𝛼 ) =
ℎ𝑦𝑝
300
cos (𝛼 ) = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗
335
Υ𝑐
D.L. (slab) = ℎ ∗ 1𝑚 ∗
cos(𝛼 )

23.4
D.L. (slab) = 0.2 ∗ 1𝑚 ∗ = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
0.89

D.L. (step) = 0.5 * Rs * 1m * Υc

D.L. (step) = 0.5 * .150 * 1m * 23.4 = 1.76 kN/m

D.L. (covering material) = WLL * 1 m

D.L. (covering material) = 2.10 * 1 m = 2.10 kN/m

D.L. (flight) = DL (slab) + DL (step) + DL (covering)

D.L. (flight) = 5.26 + 1.76 + 2.10 = 9.12 kN/m

D.L. (landing) = DL (slab) + DL (covering material)

D.L. (landing) = 5.26 + 2.10 = 7.36 kN/m

LL = WLL * 1m

LL = 2.9 * 1 = 2.9 kN/m

Total Factored Load (Wu):

Wu (flight) =1.4DL+1.7LL

Wu (flight) =1.4 (9.12) + 1.7(2.9) = 17.7 kN-m

Wu (landing) = 1.4DL+1.7LL

Wu (landing) = 1.4 (7.36) +1.7 (2.9) = 15.2 kN-m

Maximum Moment (Mu):

R1 = R2
∑𝑀𝑅1 = 15.2 (1)(0.5 + 4) + 17.7(3)(2.5) + 15.2(1)(0.5) – X(5)=0

R1 = R2 = 41.7 kN

Vu = 41.7 kN

Mu = 0.5 * 41.7 *5/ 2 = 52.1 kN-m

𝑀𝑢
Ru =
∅𝑏𝑑 2

d = h – covering – db/2

d = 200- 20 – 12/2 = 174 mm

b = 1 meter strip (1000 mm)
52.1∗106
Ru = = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟏
0.9(1000)(174)2
 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − )=
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

0.85(21.5) 2(1.91)
𝜌=( ) (1 − √1 − ) = 0.0074
275 0.85(21.5)

𝜌min=1.4
𝑓𝑦

𝜌min= 1.4 =𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟏 <𝝆 ,𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍

275 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′𝛽1 600

𝜌𝑏 = =
(600 + 𝑓𝑦)𝑓𝑦
0.85(21.5)(0.85)(600)
𝜌𝑏 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟕
(600 + 275)275
𝜌 max = 0.75 𝜌𝑏
𝜌 max = 0.75(0.0387) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟏

MAIN BARS:
As = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
As = 0.0074 (1000)(174) = 1287.6 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Use 16 mm diameter bar
Π (𝑑 2 )
Ab =
4
Π (162 )
Ab = = 201.0619 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Required Spacing:
Maximum Spacing:
𝐴𝑏 (1000)
𝑠= S = 3h = 600 mm
𝐴𝑠
201.0619 (1000) S =450 mm
𝑠= = 𝟏𝟓𝟔. 𝟏𝟓 𝒎𝒎 , 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
1287.6

TEMPERATURE BARS:
At = 0.0018bh
At = 0.0018(1000) (200) = 360 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Use 12 mm diameter bar
Π (122 )
Ab = = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
Required Spacing: Maximum Spacing:

𝐴𝑏 (1000) S = 5h = 1000
𝑠=
𝐴𝑡 S =450 mm
113.0973 (1000)
𝑠= = 𝟑𝟏𝟒. 𝟐 𝒎𝒎 , 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
360

𝟏
𝑽𝒄 = 𝝀√𝒇𝒄′ 𝒃𝒘 𝒅
𝟔
1
𝑉𝑐 = (1)√(21.5)(1000)(174) = 𝟏𝟑𝟒. 𝟒𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵
6
𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 114.3 kN > Vu, OKAY!

DETAILING:

0.20m

0.50m

0.30m

12 mm ∅ @ 300 mm O.C.

0.60m

0.40m
DESIGN OF LOAD BEARING WALLS

Pu = 500 KN
bw, Bearing Width = 150 mm
lc = Ht. wall = 3 m
Wall length = 4 m
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
Fy = 275 MPa

Min. Thickness
h = 100 mm
h/25 = 120 mm
USE h = 120 mm

CALCULATE AXIAL LOAD STRENGTH:

𝐾𝑙𝑐 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = ∅0.55𝑓𝑐′𝐴𝑔 (1 − ( ) )
32 ℎ
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟕
K=1
lc = 3
le = bw + 4*h = 630 mm

Ag = le * h =75600 𝒎𝒎𝟐
(1)(3000) 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 0.7(0.55)(21.5)(75600)(1 − ( ) ) = 243,833.81 N
32 (120)

∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵 < 𝑷𝒖 (𝑵𝑶𝑻 𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀!) ∗ 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒉

Increase h:
Try h = 150 mm
le = bw + 4 * h = 750
Ag = le*h = 112500
(1)(3000) 2
∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 0.7(0.55)(21.5)(112500)(1 − ( ) ) = 𝟓𝟔𝟕𝟒𝟔𝟏. 𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟖 𝑵
32 (150)

∅𝑃𝑛𝑤 = 567.461 KN > Pu (OKAY!!)

Design of vertical rebars:

Use min 𝜌𝑣 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟓
𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 𝜌𝑣 ∗ 𝐴𝑔

𝐴𝑠𝑣 = 0.0015 ∗ 112500 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing of Vertical bars per meter length of wall

Use db = 12mm

𝜋(12)2
𝐴𝑏 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
1000 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝑏 )
𝑆=
𝐴𝑠𝑣
1000 𝑚𝑚 (113.097 )
𝑆= = 𝟔𝟕𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒎 , 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎
168.75
Maximum Spacing
S = 3h = 450 mm (USE!)
S = 450 mm

Design of horizontal rebars:

Use min 𝜌𝐻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝐴𝑆𝐻 = 𝜌𝐻 ∗ 𝐴𝑔

𝐴𝑆𝐻 = 0.0025 ∗ 112500 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐

Required Spacing of Horizontal bars per meter length of wall
Use db = 12mm

𝜋(12)2
𝐴𝑏 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟗𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
1000 𝑚𝑚 (𝐴𝑏 )
𝑆=
𝐴𝑆𝐻
1000 𝑚𝑚 (113.097 )
𝑆= = 𝟒𝟎𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟑 𝒎𝒎 , 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
281.25

Maximum Spacing
S = 3h = 450 mm
S = 450 mm

DETAILING

12mm-dia. Vertical rebars,

spaced @ 450 mm O.C.

12mm-dia. Horizontal
rebars, spaced @ 400 mm
O.C.
DESIGN OF FOOTING

Lc1 = 500 mm
Wc2 = 500 mm
Fc’ = 21.5 MPa
Fy = 275 MPa
Col Rebars = 8 mm

Col dia = 20 mm
Dowells = 20 mm
Foot Rebars = 20 mm

657.774 KN
PD = 657.774 KN
74.492 KN
PL = 74.492 KN
PC = PD + PL = 732.266 KN
Pu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 1.4(632.89) + 1.7(73.78) = 1047.52 kN

DESIGN FOR LOAD TRANSFER AND DESIGN ALLOWABLE THICKNESS OF FOOTING

∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = ∅0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴1
∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = 0.65(0.85)(21.5)(400)(400) = 𝟐, 𝟗𝟔𝟗. 𝟔𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 𝑵

CHECK BEARING STRENGTH OF FOOTING

𝐴2
∅𝑃𝑢𝑓 = ∅0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐴1√ ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴2 = 4𝐴1
𝐴1

∅𝑃𝑢𝑓 = 0.65(0.85)(21.5)(160,000)√1000000/250,000 = 5, 939, 375 N > Pu (OKAY!!)

SQUARE FOOTING

𝐵 ≥ √𝐴2

𝐵 = √1000000 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
CALCULATE STEEL BARS REQ. FOR LOAD CONNECTION/DOWEL
∅𝑃𝑛𝑐 = 𝟐, 𝟗𝟔𝟗, 𝟔𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 𝑵 ∅𝑃𝑛 > 𝑃𝑢 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑠𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐
𝑃𝑢 − ∅𝑃𝑛𝑐
𝐴𝑠𝑟 =
𝑓𝑦
1011.472 − 1,900,600
𝐴𝑠𝑟 = = −𝟏𝟎, 𝟕𝟗𝟖. 𝟖𝟔 𝒎𝒎 (𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎)
275
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐

𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005(500)(500) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟐

CALCULATE AREA OF STEEL PROVIDED FOR LOAD TRANSFER

Dowell = 20 mm
N=8

Nπ(𝑑𝑏 )2
𝐴𝑠𝑝 = > 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.005𝐴𝑐
4
8π(20)2
𝐴𝑠𝑝 = = 𝟐𝟓𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒎𝟐 > 𝑨𝒎𝒊𝒏 (𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒆𝒓)
4

CALCULATE DEV. LENGTH OF COL. BARS INTO FOOTING

1. BASIC DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
𝟎.𝟐𝟒𝒇𝒚 𝒅𝒃
a.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄 ≥
𝝀√𝒇𝒄′
0.24(275)(20)
𝑙𝑑𝑐 = = 𝟐𝟖𝟒. 𝟔𝟖 𝒎𝒎 (USE BIGGER ldc)
(1)√21.5

b.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑𝒅𝒃 𝒇𝒚

𝑙𝑑𝑐 ≥ 0.043(20)(275) = 𝟐𝟑𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎

2. MODIFICATION FACTOR
𝑨𝒔𝒓
a.) MF1 =
𝑨𝒔𝒑

1250
MF1 = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟕𝟒
2513.27

b). MF2 = 𝟏. 𝟎 (𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓)

3. MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEV. LENGTH (reduced)
a.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄𝒓 ≥ MF1 * MF2 * 𝒍𝒅𝒄
𝑙𝑑𝑐𝑟 = 0.4974 * 1 * 284.68 = 141.60 mm
b.) 𝒍𝒅𝒄𝒓 ≥ 200 mm (USE BIGGER ldcr)

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF FOOTING (hf)

ℎ𝑓= 𝑙𝑑 + 2𝑑𝑏 + 75

ℎ𝑓= 200 + 2(20) + 75 = 315 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝒉𝒇= 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

LIMITS OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY:

Depth of excavation = 1.5
Wt. of soil = 15.7 kN/m3
Wt. of concrete = 23.6 kN/m3
qa = 255 kPa

CALCULATE qa net:
𝑞𝑎𝑛 = 𝑞𝑎 − 𝑊𝑠 − 𝑊𝑓

Ws = Wt.s ( D-hf )
Ws = 15.7 ( 1.500 - .350 ) = 18.055 kPa
Wf = Wc * hf
Wf = 23.6 * .350 = 8.26 kPa
𝑞𝑎𝑛 = 255 − 18.055 − 8.26 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟔𝟖𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂 < 𝒒𝒂 (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)

CALCULATE AREA OF FOOTING

𝑃𝑐
𝐴𝑓 =
𝑞𝑎𝑛
732.266
𝐴𝑓 = = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟏 𝒎𝟐
228.685
SQUARE FOOTING:

B =√𝐴𝑓

B =√3.2021 = 1.79 m , say 1.9 m

CALCULATE SOIL BEARING PRESSURE DUE TO ULTIMATE LOADS

𝑃𝑢
𝑞𝑢 =
𝐵2
1047.52
𝑞𝑢 = = 𝟐𝟗𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟐 𝒌𝑷𝒂
(1.9)2

𝑚 = 0.5 (𝐵 − 𝑐)
𝑚 = 0.5 (1.9 ∗ 1000 − 500) = 𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝑉𝑢1 = 𝑞𝑢 𝐵(𝑚 − 𝑑)
𝑽𝒖𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟔(𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎)(𝟕𝟎𝟎 − 𝒅)
1
𝑉𝑐1 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝐵𝑑
6
𝟏
𝑽𝒄𝟏 = √𝟐𝟏. 𝟓(𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟎)𝒅
𝟔

FOR ADEQUACY CHECK:

𝑉𝑢1 = 𝑉𝑐1
1
0.280186(1900)(700 − 𝑑 ) = √21.5(1900)𝑑
6
d = 186.26 mm
Calculate hf using d
hf = d + cov + 75 + db/2
hf = 186.26 + 75 + 20/2 = 271.26 mm <hf design = 350 mm (OKAY!!)
DESIGN FOOTING FOR TWO-WAY SHEAR:
𝐶𝑜 = 𝐶1 + 𝑑 ; 𝐶1 = 500
𝑏𝑜 = 4𝐶𝑜
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑃𝑢 − (𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 )

𝑽𝒖𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟕. 𝟓𝟐(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎) − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟐 (𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝒅) ∗ (𝟓𝟎𝟎 + 𝒅)

1
𝑉𝑐2 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
3
𝟏
𝑽𝒄𝟐 = √𝟐𝟏. 𝟓(𝟒(𝑪𝟏 + 𝒅)(𝒅)
𝟑
FOR ADEQUACY CHECK:
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑉𝑐2
1
1047.52(1000) − 0.290172 (500 + 𝑑) ∗ (500 + 𝑑 ) = √21.5(4(500 + 𝑑)(𝑑)
3
d= 206.62 mm
Calculate hf using d
hf = d + 1.5db + 75
hf = 206.62 + 1.5(20)+75 = 311.62 mm < hf design = 350 mm (OKAY!!)

CHECK TWO-WAY SHEAR FOR FOOTING:

*Check if hf and B is adequate
d= hf -1.5db -75
d= 350 – 1.5(20) -75 = 245 mm
𝑏𝑜 = 4(500 + 245) = 2980 mm
500
𝛽= =𝟏
500
1 2
𝑉𝑐2 = (1 + )√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑
6 𝛽
1 2
𝑉𝑐2 = (1 + ) √21.5(2980)(245) = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟗𝟐, 𝟔𝟔𝟕. 𝟐 𝑵
6 1
∅𝑉𝑐2 = 𝟏, 𝟒𝟑𝟖, 𝟕𝟔𝟕
𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑃𝑢 − (𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 ∗ 𝐶𝑜 )

𝑉𝑢2 = 1047.52(1000) − (0.290172 (500 + 245)(500 + 245)) = 𝟖𝟖𝟔, 𝟔𝟒𝟕 𝑵

∴ 𝑉𝑢2 < ∅𝑉𝑐2 (SAFE!!)

DESIGN OF FOOTING FOR FLEXURE:

d= hf -1.5db-75 =245 mm
m = 0.5(B-c)
m = 0.5( 1.9 - .500) = 0.700
𝑚
Mu = 𝑞𝑢 ∗ 𝐵 (𝑚) ( )
2

Mu = 290.172 ∗ 1.9 (0.70)(0.35) = 𝟏𝟑𝟓. 𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎

𝑀𝑢
𝑅=
∅𝐵𝑑12
𝟏𝟑𝟓.𝟎𝟕𝟓∗𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑅= = 1.316
0.90(1900)(251)2

𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌 = 0.85 (1 − √1 − )
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′

21.5 2(1.316)
𝜌 = 0.85 (1 − √1 − ) = 0.004971
275 0.85(21.5)

1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗𝟏
𝑓𝑦

√𝑓𝑐′
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟏𝟓
4𝑓𝑦
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗𝟏

REQUIRED AREA OF FLEXURE BARS

𝑑2 = hf – db/2 -75 =265 mm

𝐴𝑠𝑟 = 𝜌𝐵𝑑2

𝐴𝑠𝑟 = 0.005091(1900)(265) = 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟑. 𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐

𝜋(20)2
𝐴𝑏 = = 𝟑𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐
4
 𝐴𝑠𝑟
𝑁=
𝐴𝑏
2563.32
𝑁= = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟓𝟗 , 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟗 𝒑𝒄𝒔
314.16

CENTER TO CENTER SPACING:

𝐵 − 200
𝑆=
𝑁−1
1900 − 200
𝑆= = 𝟐𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎
9−1

MINIMUM SPACING MAXIMUM SPACING:

𝑆 ≥ 𝑑𝑏 + 𝑑𝑏 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑆 ≤ 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝑆 ≥ 25 + 𝑑𝑏 = 𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒎

𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝟗 − 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎
∅ 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑶. 𝑪. 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔

ACTUAL DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF FLEXURE BARS:

𝜄𝑑 = 0.5(𝐿 − 𝑐1) − 75
𝜄𝑑 = 0.5(1900 − 500) − 75 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 mm
MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒
𝜄𝑑 = 𝑑𝑏
2.1𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275 (1) (1.2)
𝜄𝑑 = ∗ 20 = 𝟔𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎𝒎 ( 𝑵𝑶𝑻 𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀 , 𝑪𝑯𝑨𝑵𝑮𝑬 𝑻𝑶 𝑯𝑶𝑶𝑲)
2.1(1)√21.5
DEV. LENGTH OF STANDARD HOOKS IN TENSION
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑐 𝜓𝑟
𝜄𝑑ℎ = ∗ 𝑑𝑏
4.17𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′
275 (1.2)(1)(1)
𝜄𝑑ℎ = ∗ 20 = 𝟑𝟒𝟏. 𝟑𝟒 𝒎𝒎 (𝑶𝑲𝑨𝒀‼)
4.17𝜆√21.5
DETAILING: