11 NCERT Solutions Chemistry Chapter 7

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(Chapter – 7) (Equilibrium)
(Class – XI)
Question 7.41:
The concentration of hydrogen ion in a sample of soft drink is 3.8 × 10 –3 M. what is its pH?
Answer 7.41:
Given,
pH value of soft drink
Question 7.42:
The pH of a sample of vinegar is 3.76. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in it.
Answer 7.42:
Given, pH
= 3.76
It is known that,
Hence, the concentration of hydrogen ion in the given sample of vinegar is 1.74 × 10 –4 M.
31
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(Class – XI)
Question 7.43:
The ionization constant of HF, HCOOH and HCN at 298K are 6.8 × 10 –4, 1.8 × 10–4 and
4.8 × 10–9 respectively. Calculate the ionization constants of the corresponding conjugate
base.
Answer 7.43:
It is known that,
Given,
Ka of HF = 6.8 × 10–4
Hence, Kb of its conjugate base F–
Given,
Ka of HCOOH = 1.8 × 10–4
Hence, Kb of its conjugate base HCOO–
Given,
Ka of HCN = 4.8 × 10–9
Hence, Kb of its conjugate base CN–
32
(Class – XI)
Question 7.44:
The ionization constant of phenol is 1.0 × 10 –10. What is the concentration of phenolate
ion in 0.05 M solution of phenol? What will be its degree of ionization if the solution is also
0.01M in sodium phenolate?
Answer 7.44:
Ionization of phenol:
Now, let be the degree of ionization of phenol in the presence of 0.01 M C 6H5ONa.
Also,
33
(Class – XI)
Question 7.45:
The first ionization constant of H2S is 9.1 × 10–8. Calculate the concentration of HS– ion in
its 0.1 M solution. How will this concentration be affected if the solution is 0.1 M in HCl
also? If the second dissociation constant of H 2S is 1.2 × 10–13, calculate the concentration
of S2– under both conditions.
Answer 7.45:
(i) To calculate the concentration of HS– ion:
Case I (in the absence of HCl):
Let the concentration of HS– be x M.
34
(Class – XI)
Case II (in the presence of HCl):
In the presence of 0.1 M of HCl, let be y M
35
(Class – XI)
To calculate the concentration of
Case I (in the absence of 0.1 M HCl):
(From first ionization,

case I)
Let
Also, (From first ionization, case I)
Case II (in the presence of 0.1 M HCl):
Again, let the concentration of HS– be X' M.
(From first ionization, case II)
(From HCl, case II)
36
(Class – XI)
Question 7.46:
The ionization constant of acetic acid is 1.74 × 10–5. Calculate the degree of dissociation
of acetic acid in its 0.05 M solution. Calculate the concentration of acetate ion in the
solution and its pH.
Answer 7.46:
Method 1
Since Ka >> Kw,:
37
(Class – XI)
Method 2
Degree of dissociation,
c = 0.05 M
Ka = 1.74 × 10–5
38
(Class – XI)
Thus, concentration of CH3COO– = c.α
Hence, the concentration of acetate ion in the solution is 0.00093 M and its Ph is 3.03.
Question 7.47:
It has been found that the pH of a 0.01M solution of an organic acid is 4.15. Calculate the
concentration of the anion, the ionization constant of the acid and its pKa.
Answer 7.47:
Let the organic acid be HA.
Concentration of HA = 0.01 M pH
= 4.15
39
(Class – XI)
Now,
Then,
Question 7.48:
Assuming complete dissociation, calculate the pH of the following solutions:
(i) 0.003 M HCl
(ii) 0.005 M NaOH
(iii) 0.002 M HBr
(iv) 0.002 M KOH
Answer 7.48:
(i) 0.003MHCl:
Since HCl is completely ionized,
Now,
40
(Class – XI)
Hence, the pH of the solution is 2.52.

(ii) 0.005MNaOH:

(iii) 0.002 HBr:

(iv) 0.002 M KOH:
41
(Class – XI)
Question 7.49:
Calculate the pH of the following solutions:
a) 2 g of TlOH dissolved in water to give 2 litre of solution.
b) 0.3 g of Ca(OH)2 dissolved in water to give 500 mL of solution.
c) 0.3 g of NaOH dissolved in water to give 200 mL of solution.
d) 1mL of 13.6 M HCl is diluted with water to give 1 litre of solution.
Answer 7.49:
(a) For 2g of TlOH dissolved in water to give 2 L of solution:
(b) For 0.3 g of Ca(OH)2 dissolved in water to give 500 mL of solution:
42
(Class – XI)
(c) For 0.3 g of NaOH dissolved in water to give 200 mL of solution:
(d) For 1mL of 13.6 M HCl diluted with water to give 1 L of solution:
13.6 × 1 mL = M2 × 1000 mL
(Before dilution) (After dilution)
13.6 × 10–3 = M2 × 1L M2
= 1.36 × 10–2 [H+] = 1.36 × 10–2 pH = – log (1.36 × 10–2)
= (– 0.1335 + 2) = 1.866 1.87
43
(Class – XI)
Question 7.50:
The degree of ionization of a 0.1M bromoacetic acid solution is 0.132. Calculate the pH of
the solution and the pKa of bromoacetic acid.
Answer 7.50:
Degree of ionization, α = 0.132
Concentration, c = 0.1 M
Thus, the concentration of H3O+ = c.α
= 0.1 × 0.132
= 0.0132
Now,
Question 7.51:
The degree of ionization of a 0.1M bromoacetic acid solution is 0.132. Calculate the pH of
the solution and the pKa of bromoacetic acid.
Answer 7.51:
Degree of ionization, α = 0.132
Concentration, c = 0.1 M
Thus, the concentration of H3O+ = c.α
= 0.1 × 0.132
= 0.0132
44
(Class – XI)
Now,
Question 7.52:
What is the pH of 0.001 M aniline solution? The ionization constant of aniline can be taken
from Table 7.7. Calculate the degree of ionization of aniline in the solution. Also calculate
the ionization constant of the conjugate acid of aniline.
Answer 7.52:
Kb = 4.27 × 10–10
c = 0.001M pH
=?
α =?
Thus, the ionization constant of the conjugate acid of aniline is 2.34 × 10 –5.
45
(Class – XI)
Question 7.53:
Calculate the degree of ionization of 0.05M acetic acid if its pKa value is 4.74.
How is the degree of dissociation affected when its solution also contains (a) 0.01 M (b)
0.1 M in HCl?
Answer 7.53:
When HCl is added to the solution, the concentration of H + ions will increase. Therefore,
the equilibrium will shift in the backward direction i.e., dissociation of acetic acid will
decrease.
Case I: When 0.01 M HCl is taken.

Let x be the amount of acetic acid dissociated after the addition of HCl.
As the dissociation of a very small amount of acetic acid will take place, the values i.e.,
0.05 – x and 0.01 + x can be taken as 0.05 and 0.01 respectively.
46
(Class – XI)
Case II: When 0.1 M HCl is taken.

Let the amount of acetic acid dissociated in this case be X. As we have done in the first
case, the concentrations of various species involved in the reaction are:
47
(Class – XI)
Question 7.54:
The ionization constant of dimethylamine is 5.4 × 10 –4. Calculate its degree of ionization
in its 0.02 M solution. What percentage of dimethylamine is ionized if the solution is also
0.1 M in NaOH?
Answer 7.54:
Now, if 0.1 M of NaOH is added to the solution, then NaOH (being a strong base) undergoes
complete ionization.
And,
It means that in the presence of 0.1 M NaOH, 0.54% of dimethylamine will get dissociated.
48
(Class – XI)
Question 7.55:
Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in the following biological fluids whose pH are
given below:
(a) Human muscle-fluid, 6.83
(b) Human stomach fluid, 1.2
(c) Human blood, 7.38
(d) Human saliva, 6.4.
Answer 7.55:
(a) Human muscle fluid 6.83:
pH = 6.83 pH = – log [H+]
6.83 = – log [H+]

[H+] =1.48 × 10–7 M
(b) Human stomach fluid, 1.2:

pH =1.2
1.2 = – log [H+]
[H+] = 0.063
(c) Human blood, 7.38:

pH = 7.38 = – log [H+]
[H+] = 4.17 × 10–8 M
(d) Human saliva, 6.4:

pH = 6.4
6.4 = – log [H+]
[H+] = 3.98 × 10–7
49
(Class – XI)
Question 7.56:
The pH of milk, black coffee, tomato juice, lemon juice and egg white are 6.8, 5.0, 4.2,
2.2 and 7.8 respectively. Calculate corresponding hydrogen ion concentration in each.
Answer 7.56:
The hydrogen ion concentration in the given substances can be calculated by using the
given relation: pH = –log [H+]
(i) pH of milk = 6.8

Since, pH = –log [H+]
6.8 = –log [H+] log
[H+] = –6.8
[H+] = anitlog(–6.8)
= 1.5×19–7 M
(ii) pH of black coffee = 5.0

5.0 = –log [H+] log
[H+] = –5.0
= 10–5 M
(iii) pH of tomato juice = 4.2

4.2 = –log [H+] log
[H+] = –4.2
= 6.31×10–5 M
(iv) pH of lemon juice = 2.2

2.2 = –log [H+] log
[H+] = –2.2
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(Class – XI)
= 6.31×10–3 M
(v) pH of egg white = 7.8

7.8 = –log [H+] log
[H+] = –7.8
=1.58×10–8 M
Question 7.57:
If 0.561 g of KOH is dissolved in water to give 200 mL of solution at 298 K. Calculate the
concentrations of potassium, hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. What is its pH?
Answer 7.57:
51
(Class – XI)
Question 7.58:
The solubility of Sr(OH)2 at 298 K is 19.23 g/L of solution. Calculate the concentrations of
strontium and hydroxyl ions and the pH of the solution.
Answer 7.58:
Solubility of Sr(OH)2 = 19.23 g/L
Then, concentration of Sr(OH)2
Question 7.59:
The ionization constant of propanoic acid is 1.32 × 10–5. Calculate the degree of ionization
of the acid in its 0.05M solution and also its pH. What will be its degree of ionization if the
solution is 0.01M in HCl also?
Answer 7.59:
Let the degree of ionization of propanoic acid be α.
Then, representing propionic acid as HA, we have:
52
(Class – XI)
In the presence of 0.1M of HCl, let α´ be the degree of ionization.
Question 7.60:
The pH of 0.1M solution of cyanic acid (HCNO) is 2.34. Calculate the ionization constant of
the acid and its degree of ionization in the solution.
Answer 7.60:
c = 0.1 M
pH = 2.34
53
(Class – XI)
54

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pH value of soft drink

Hence, Kb of its conjugate base F–

Case I (in the absence of HCl):

Let the concentration of HS– be x M.

Case II (in the presence of HCl):

In the presence of 0.1 M of HCl, let be y M

To calculate the concentration of

Case I (in the absence of 0.1 M HCl):

(From first ionization,

Also, (From first ionization, case I)

Case II (in the presence of 0.1 M HCl):

Again, let the concentration of HS– be X' M.

(From first ionization, case II)

(From HCl, case II)

Since Ka >> Kw,:

Thus, concentration of CH3COO– = c.α

Since HCl is completely ionized,

Hence, the pH of the solution is 2.52.

Hence, the pH of the solution is 11.70.

Hence, the pH of the solution is 2.69.

Hence, the pH of the solution is 11.31.

(b) For 0.3 g of Ca(OH)2 dissolved in water to give 500 mL of solution:

(c) For 0.3 g of NaOH dissolved in water to give 200 mL of solution:

= 1.36 × 10–2 [H+] = 1.36 × 10–2 pH = – log (1.36 × 10–2)

= (– 0.1335 + 2) = 1.866 1.87

Case I: When 0.01 M HCl is taken.

Case II: When 0.1 M HCl is taken.

6.83 = – log [H+]

(b) Human stomach fluid, 1.2:

(c) Human blood, 7.38:

(d) Human saliva, 6.4:

(i) pH of milk = 6.8

(ii) pH of black coffee = 5.0

(iii) pH of tomato juice = 4.2

(iv) pH of lemon juice = 2.2

(v) pH of egg white = 7.8

In the presence of 0.1M of HCl, let α´ be the degree of ionization.

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