HVAC and Firefighting systems Design

Submitted to: Dr. Ahmed Sayed Saber

Submitted by:
Nada Hussein
Karim Khaled
John Michael

Sherif Torky
Abdullah Badrawy
Table of Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Discussion and Procedures ...................................................................................................................... 6
Abstract

The design and implementation of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) as well as
firefighting systems are crucial in maintaining indoor environmental quality and occupant comfort in
various structures. Simultaneously, ensuring the safety and protection of occupants and property against
fire hazards is of paramount importance. The integration of HVAC design with firefighting systems plays a
pivotal role in enhancing safety measures, mitigating risks, and optimizing operational efficiency within
buildings. This report will identify the design steps implemented by the team members for a canteen
property with different facilities.
Introduction
This report is performed for the sake of undertaking the design and implementation of a
comprehensive HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system as well as firefighting for a
layout. The data given are the canteen AutoCad layout and the dimensions. Cooling loads, CFM and other
required data were computed and calculated in order to carry out the design steps thoroughly. The design
strategy is based on the rule of thumb, psychrometric charts and equal friction method.

Undertaking this project presents a valuable opportunity for us to apply the theoretical concepts
we've learned in our courses to a real-world scenario. We understand that this endeavor requires meticulous
planning, collaboration, and a keen attention to detail, and we're committed to investing our time and effort
to deliver a thoughtful and well-researched HVAC design.

While the team may lack the depth of experience that seasoned professionals possess, what we lack
in experience, we make up for in dedication, enthusiasm, and a willingness to go the extra mile to ensure
that the solutions we propose are well-researched, feasible, and aligned with industry standards to the best
of our abilities.

All team members value this opportunity to gain practical experience and are eager to contribute
our skills, creativity, and dedication to crafting an HVAC system that meets your layout's needs to the best
of our capabilities. We're excited to learn from this experience and are committed to working
collaboratively with you to deliver a solution that demonstrates our passion for learning and our drive to
grow in the field of HVAC design.
Objectives
This project is performed in order to satisfy the following:

1. Calculating the cooling loads and CFM for the eating area
2. Selecting air diffuser outlet
3. Selecting the suitable ducts’ diameters for each duct section.
4. Finding the AHU total cooling load
5. Drawing the double line diagram
6. Selecting the suitable drainpipe size
7. Identifying the degree of hazard for the building
8. Distributing the sprinklers on the layout
9. Selecting the suitable pipe diameter
10. Drawing suitable piping network for the firefighting system
Discussion and Procedures

HVAC Design
1. Zoning
The first step was to divide the project into main zones, some items were omitted as the will not
be cooled.

2. Summing the areas of each zone.

3. Calculating the cooling load for each zone using rule of thumb.

For example for offices the cooling load ranges between (30-40) Btuh/sq.ft , considering the
upper limit (40 Btuh/sq.ft) and the area of offices (156.1 ft^2) then:
Cooling load = (Btuh/sq.ft)X(ft^2)
Cooling load = 40X156.1
Cooling load = 6244 btuh
4. Calculating the SHR using rule of thumb, by directly reading the corresponding value and
considering the upper limit value.

5. Calculating the ACH which indicates the velocity.

6. Calculating the CFM to quantify the airflow or volume of air moving through a system. It
represents the amount of air (in cubic feet) that passes through a specific point within the system
in one minute.
Using the Equation: CFM = (volume x ACH)/60

Since 1TR = 400cfm is only true when the delta T- the difference between on coil and off coil
temperature is assumed 15C.
Then 16,783 CFM = 41.9875 TR

7. Selecting the AHU size using Carrier catalogue,

16,783CFM equals 8000 l/s the nearest value in table is 8259 l/s and the corresponding value is
224.1 KW which equals 64 TR
Then the AHU size is 1824
8. Selecting the number and size of diffuser

Note: these steps were carried on the dining area only

a) Selecting the noise criteria
From the given table in the lecture notes, dining areas need NC= 40

Figure 1: Noise criteria table

b) Knowing that the CFM of the dining area = 3167.2 >= 3200 from previous calculations.
c) Referring to table
 CFM

Throw

Note: The first number indicates the CFM the third number indicates the throw.

 The yellow zone is focusing on NC<= 40 which is our case

 Since CFM = 3200, this value is not listed in the table then we will need to divide the
total CFM by an assumed number of diffusers until the total area is covered.
 By trial and error: the number of diffusers is 17 ; 3200/17=188.23 = 200

d) Then No. of diffusers = 17

Size of diffuser = 6”X6”
e) Drawing the throw area of each diffuser, Diameter= 15 ft
f) Distributing the diffusers on the plan

Figure 2: diffuser distribution on AutoCad

CONTINUOS
Firefighting system
Note: These steps are conducted on the dining area

1. Defining the hazard type (Light Hazard)

2. Selecting the density and the area

Then Density= 0.1 gpm/ft^2 Area of sprinkler operation= 1500 ft^2

3. Calculating sprinkler demand= AxD
= 1500x0.1 = 150 gpm
4. Getting hose stream allowance

Then hose stream allowance = 100 gpm and Duration = 30 minutes

5. Total water demand = sprinkler demand + hose allowance

=150+100= 250 gpm
6. Total volume of water needed= water demand x duration
= 250 x 30= 7500 gallons
7. Area coverage/ sprinkler = S x L
=3x5m
= 9.8 x 16.4
= 160.72 ft^2
8. Determine flow required from one sprinkler Q= Area x Density
= 160.72 x 0.1
= 16.072 gpm
9. Determine design area of sprinkler operation (hydraulically most demanding area)
= 1500 ft^2
10. Length of remote area = (1500)^1/2
= 40 ft = 11 m
11. Distributing the firefighting pipes

Figure 3: pipe firefighting network

12. No. of sprinklers in remotest area = area of remotest area/ area coverage by sprinklers
= 1500/160.72 = 10 sprinklers
But we have considered 11 sprinklers