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Lesson 2 Notes

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Amethyst Chiong
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22 views4 pages

Lesson 2 Notes

Uploaded by

Amethyst Chiong
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ANALYSIS

● After accomplishing the three tasks given, what does history tell you?
● Each succeeding generation inherits the accumulated knowledge of the preceding
one, do you think it has generally become increasingly better?

Many of today's classrooms no longer resemble the classrooms that we may remember
as children. Chalk has been replaced with a stylus pen, and with a touch of the screen,
you can change what color you want your stylus pen to write in on the board. Textbooks
have been replaced with e-readers, and parent-teacher conferences can be conducted via
video conferencing.
● Think back to when you were still a grade school student. What did technology
look like for you during that time?
● What does it look like today in your class?
● What will it look like when you begin teaching? Would there be any difference?

Classroom technology started as very primitive. Teachers stood at the front of the
classroom and wrote instructional material on a chalkboard. Notes, messages, and the
like were written on these boards with chalk. Later it would be paper and pen being used
at each desk.
● How did technology change classrooms over the past 50 years? What is the future
of technology in your classroom?
● If you were to plot a graph line of technology in education from the time of the
first small computer labs in most high schools to the present day, would you see a
steep climb upward?
● Why is it important to talk about the development of technology in education?

Arguments about the role of technology in education go back at least 2,500 years. To
understand better the role and influence of technology on teaching, we need a little
history, because as always there are lessons to be learned from history.
● Technology is changing the dynamics of education, especially the relationship
between teachers and students. What does this tell the teachers of today?
● Are teachers still necessary in a 21st -century classroom? Justify
● Just imagine where technology will take us in the future. You can imagine how
information technology in education will change the learning experience. It’s a
good bet you will see technology streamlining and improving interfaces. If we
have smartboards, the Internet, and cloud today, what will we have in 25 years?
● How do teachers respond to students who have a digital gap?
● Does technology allow more students to participate at a level that is suitable for
them?
● As future teachers, how can we effectively use these technologies to improve
teaching and learning?
● How do you currently make decisions about what technology to use for teaching?
● How does each resource highlight the significant developments of technology in
education?

Learning from the different resources given to you,


● What does the Task 1 timeline show you? How about Task 2 Infographic? Did the
video make it even clearer? How would you put all these three pieces of
information from varied resources together if you are to make your timeline?
Would you highlight just the technological tools? Or the change of pedagogy
along with the technological tools used?

ABSTRACTION
History of Educational Technology as presented in different periods by several authors.
Think of the three timelines previously presented to you. Incorporate the developments
mentioned there that are not included here.

A. During the Ancient Times


● Men started to use pointed sticks to in-script signs and symbols on the leaves of
trees and knives for the bark of trees.
● At about 3100 B.C Egyptians devised a system of picture writing called
hieroglyphics.
● This paved the way for the class known as scribes, a group of men trained in the
art of writing. The scribes came to be the country's chronicler of events
(Duka,1999).
● Our understanding of the way schools first operated comes from ancient Greece,
in about 4 th century BC. The word ‘school’ comes from the Greek ‘schole’, which
means leisure. Back then, when schools were available only to the aristocracy, the
assumption would have been that leisure was synonymous with learning. Greeks
were those who first created what we would now call primary and secondary
schools.
● Contribution of Spartan and Athenian education Spartan Education emphasized
the development of the physical body coupled with discipline. However,
Athenians believed that the mind and the body have a strong relationship, thus
activities to develop both were the prime concerns in the music schools, the
grammar schools, and the public gymnasiums or palaestra. With the help of the
Sophists, systematically arranged subject matter and instructional materials were
designed and utilized.
● The first examples of educational technology in the ancient world were the tools
that students and teachers used for writing, including wax-covered writing
boards (by the Romans), clay tablets (in the middle east), strips of bark from
trees (in Indonesia, Tibet, and the Americas), thick palm-like leaves (in Southeast
Asia) and parchment, made of animal skin (common across the ancient world).

B. During the Medieval era


● Establishment of the Medieval University wherein Emperor Frederick I of
Bologna in 1158 chartered the first university.
● Scientific method of teaching was used
● Johannes Gutenburg invented the printing press
● Use of parchment and paper (developed by China)
● Students used a bone or ivory to write on wooden tablets coated with green or
black wax.
● Special inks had to be mixed to ensure they would set on the animal hides.
● Quill pens made from feathers were used for writing
● Use of handwritten books
● introduced algebra, decimal number system, classical poetry, book translations

C. During the Renaissance Period


● The period has three main lines of concern: Intellectual, Aesthetic; Scientific.
● The intellectual development such as Humanism, Reformation, Realism,
Disciplinism and Rationalism contributed to the development of educational
technology along with theories and practices.
● Francis Bacon and his advocacy of scientific method and methodical scientific
inquiry in investigating scientific phenomena.
● John Locke came out with his idea about the nature of the child’s mind at birth in
Tabula Rasa.
● Johann Amos Comenius was recognized for developing the first picture book –
the Orbis Pictus (The World in Pictures). He was considered the pioneer in
instructional technology development.
● Maria Montessori contributed her ideas about teaching, the use of multi-sensory
materials.

D. During the Age of Naturalism


● Rousseau on his naturalistic view of education contained in his book Emile.
● Herbart and his Herbartian Method of Teaching: preparation, presentation,
comparison and abstraction, generalization and application Peztallozi came out
with his idea that teaching is more effective if it proceeds from the concrete to
abstract.
● Froebel, the father of kindergarten emphasized the use of actual objects, which
can be manipulated by the learners. He recommended the use of play and songs.

E. 19th to 20th century


● John Dewey and his constructivist theory
● Edward Thorndike advanced the three primary laws of learning. • Howard
Garner and his Multiple Intelligences Theory
● In the early 1980's IBM introduced the first personal computer; while Laptops
were introduced to educational settings in 1988.
● Production of books, the use of blackboards, pen and ink, calculator, photocopier
● Photography and visual instruction
● In 1926, educational films were used as instructional media
● Use of educational devices such as movies, filmstrips, radio, overhead projector,
and other pictorial devices.
● Use of programmed instruction by Skinner
● the taxonomy of educational objectives by Bloom
● the use of modularized instruction
● In the 1990s the internet was available to the public, and so as with Google and
Wikipedia
● The interactive whiteboard began replacing blackboards in the 1990s.

F. Contemporary Times
● Highlights interculturalism and multiculturalism; mobile devices and media
platforms; self-paced and individualized study plans; a variety of available
resources and technologies; innovation and production of new knowledge; and,
creation of "enabling spaces" for students.
● Flipped classroom structures revolutionized the delivery and efficacy structure of
learning.
● LMS, MOOCs
● utilization of virtual and augmented reality, 3D printers, robotics
● Employing varied education processes such as heutagogy, peeragogy, and
cybergogy
● limitless possibilities

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