SYMMETRICAL

COMPONENT &
UNBALANCED FAULT
TUTORIALS
Test 2 Sem 1 2022/23 (25 Marks)

Figure 1 shows a 5-Bus power system with single synchronous generator as its power source. Bus 2a and 2b are coupled using bus
coupler, BC1. Initially, BC1 is in CLOSE position. The power system parameters are given in Table 1. The initial voltage for all
buses is 1.0 p.u. Use Sbase equals to 100 MVA. Assume BC1 as a pure conductor (ZBC1 = 0).
Table 1: Power System Component and Parameter

Component Parameter
compres
en
l
-

20 MVA,
Generator G1 X1,2 = 0.05 p.u
X0 = 0.015 p.u

5 MVA,
Distributed Generator,
X1,2 = 0.025 p.u
DG
X0 = 0.003 p.u

10 MVA,
3 from
%
Figure 1: 5-Bus Power System Transformer T1 & T2 X1,2 = 0.03 p.u
-

X0 = 0.009 p.u

15 MVA,
Transformer T3 & T4 X1,2 =0.09 p.u
X = 0.012 p.u
0

All Lines X0,1,2 = 0.25 p.u

Test 2 Sem 1 2022/23 (25 Marks)

(a) Draw the positive, negative and zero sequence equivalent circuit of Figure 1. Include all reactance values in the equivalent
circuits.
[5 Marks]

(b) The power system is to be simulated. Bus coupler BC1 is set to OPEN position. Next, a single-line-to-ground fault is placed
A

at Phase ⑳
B of Bus 1. At zero fault impedance, calculate the resulting fault current, in per-unit, of Bus 1.
- &f = 0
[10 Marks]

(c) Based on part (b), determine the faulty phase voltages (VA, VB and VC) of Bus 1.
[10 Marks]
 a) positive see/negative sea :

conversion of base
192
⑳

-
XDw

Sa
Xu X =
Xe

I-
mom
·

-
-
j
~

3 8 ,

jo I
.

0 25
·
.

- ↓

X21 0 .
25
100M
0 :
05 :
e
t
: .

XDG 0'5
=
pu

e I
i

Zero sea :

③
0
,
I
i
I
o
-
-
y
XGI
8
-S Y Xi x m - -

jo 25.

09
-m - -
m
jo
.
-

# j0 075 1 04
0

-I
.

I A
XT 3

0 .
08
Y :
short ,
ground for generator
# :
grounded
s

&
3 , 2
Z 50 361py How ?
.

2 =
j0068pn
Fault : PhaceA , Bus I
F Al
FAM
b) BLL OPEN - T If
m
&

↳
If
XD

-
D B
Y tr

I
Xoi"
-

-
joij
IA' = IA = IA
~

0 3
jo
.
:
25 f

O
d
[A(7) = 3 Ta
m

>
-
1 .
0 pu

~
It = Eat I
1 O . = -

j
1 .

263 pu = la = IA = It
> =0
-
2 +2 20 327 j0 361 +
j0 361 +
j0 068
.

+ +
. .

2 2
j0 361 pu
.

A = H =

j0 068pu
:

2 TH =

3) j1 263) 797
[A(F) =
j3 p- *
. .
-

c) bus 1 (VA / VB) Vc)

361

most F
j0 j0 068
.

↓⑭
I TH t
(0) : ITH0 In , +> YA =
0

EA Val
o VAO = 0 -
TTH I a

- -

= 0 -

(j0 068)(-j 1 263)

.
:

positive sequence negative sequence zero sequence : 0 .

086 <180 pu
↓ -
in
emf/soure is not
captured no emf
oseq
in e
seg

It) : -

EA + ZTH ! It' + YA' : O G : 2 TH 2 IA

2

+
VAEO
-ITH 2. It
?
0
XA' = EA-ITH' It' . VA =

1 0 (j0 36)) /-j (j0 361)(-j1 263)

=
1 263) 0
.
- .
.
= - .

VA = 0 .
544 10
° =
0 456 .
(IPP- pu
pu
 sequence-to-phase conversion :

↳ Al
B
c-

1 i
I aa) /ie
(:
I

1200
Fixed !!!
a :

-
VC 9 = 1 < 2400
-

phase

Va = (1) Va + (D) Va + (I) Va

= (1) (0 .

086(180) + (1) 10 544 (0)

.

+ (B) 10 456
.

<180)

= 0 002 pu
.
NO
VB = (1) VAO + a "Ya' + a Va

= (1) 10 086 .
< 180) + ( k240) (0 ·
544 10) + (1 <120) (0 .

456(180)
: 0 .

876(-90 . 54
pu *

VA'
2
V : (1) VAO + 9 + a Va

= (1) 10 · 86 < 1803 + (1(120) (0 . 544 (0) + (1(240) (0 .

456480)
=
0 .

66/<-0 1981>?
- .

Kupsir depat Sama VB ?

PA:l ( j 37 (7)
20
VA IF FACF) 3 797 pu >
- V =
10) = 0
- j
= .

= -

A ↑
zoro
power
· Bust :
&
IB(f) =

&) B 4 B = 0 876 pu
.

I((f) = 0

> Xc : 0 .

876 pu

X(0) = 1.
Opu
Y
initial
voltage -Vy
Va
YB )-
b) If fault at Phase ( & Bust ) VANB , Y

Ic St) = 3 I

(ii) /'aa) ie
110 = Is :
Is

I ,: Ec :

2+ 2
2
+ 20 + 32f

& THO

Tim Fr I i

(t) ( 20

V = Ec-2TH' Is Xc = 0 -
2 +H". Is Vi :
0 -2 Tho I :

ASK
Den 2'2220 ?
ii) Matrix VB :
Vc1
,
Final Exam Sem 2 2021/22 (20 Marks)

Figure 4 shows a 13-Bus power system network, energized by three unit of 60 Hz, 100MVA conventional generators. The
conventional generators are supported by a 15MVA distributed generator, DG, connected at Bus 11. The power system is protected
by numerous circuit breakers (CB), which are initially in CLOSED position. The power system parameters are shown in Table 4.
All components’ parameter is in 100 MVA base.
Table 4 13-Bus Power System Parameter
Positive and Zero Sequence
Component Negative Sequence Parameter
Parameter

Generator G1, G2, G3 X = j0.35 p.u X = j0.25 p.u

Distributed Generator,
X = j0.15 p.u X = j0.10 p.u
DG

Transformer T1, T2, T3 X = j0.25 p.u X = j0.20 p.u

Transformer T4, T5 X = j0.20 p.u X = j0.15 p.u

Transformer T6, T7 X = j0.15 p.u X = j0.10 p.u

Figure 4: 13-Bus Power System Network
Line L1, L2, L3 X = j0.12 p.u X = j0.20 p.u

Line L4, L5, L6, L7, L8 X = j0.10 p.u X = j0.15 p.u

Line L9, L10, L11 X = j 0.15 p.u X = j 0.18 p.u

Final Exam Sem 2 2021/22 (20 Marks)

(a) Draw and label the positive, negative and zero sequence equivalent circuit of the given 13-Bus power system.
[5 Marks]

(b) A line-to-line fault occurred between phase a and phase b of Bus 3. Line L1 and L2 are also disconnected from Bus 3. Based
on this condition, calculate the per-unit fault current that flowed at Bus 3. Assume E1 equals to 1.0 p.u.
[10 Marks]

(c) Based on part (b), calculate phase c voltage of Bus 3, in per-unit.

[5 Marks]
Test 2 Sem 2 2021/22 (25 Marks)
Figure 2 depicts an 8-Bus power system network with two 60-Hz, 100 MVA synchronous generators. The combination of circuit
breakers (CB) are shown in Table 2, where 1 represents closed position and 0 represents opened position, respectively. The limiter
reactance values are 0.25/3 p.u. The circuit breaker is ideal where no impedance across the circuit breaker. The reactance data in
p.u. on a common 100 MVA base are given in Table 3.
Table 3: 8-Bus Power System Network Parameter

CB_D T2 CB_E CB_F T4 CB_G Component X0 X1 X2

Line 2
G2 G3
Bus 6 Generator 1 0.25 0.15 0.15
Bus 2 Bus 4 Bus 8
Generator 2 0.15 0.25 0.25

CB_A Generator 3 0.15 0.20 0.20

CB_B CB_C
Transformer 1 0.20 0.35 0.35
XG11 = j0.35
T1 Bus 7
CB_H CB_I T3 Transformer 2 0.10 0.35 0.35
G1
Line 1 Transformer 3 0.15 0.25 0.25
CB_J CB_K
Bus 1 Bus 3 Bus 5
Transformer 4 0.15 0.30 0.30
Figure 2: 8-Bus Power System Network
Line 1 0.35 0.25 0.25

Table 2: Circuit Breaker Position Line 2 0.20 0.15 0.15

CB A B C D E F G H I J K
Position 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
Test 2 Sem 2 2021/22 (25 Marks)

(a) Draw the positive, negative and zero sequence impedance network.
[6 Marks]

(b) Fault suddenly occurred at Bus 6, where Red-phase conductor make contact to the ground
with fault impedance of j0.2 pu. Calculate the sequence impedance, and the fault current in p.u.
Assume pre-fault voltage is 1.0 p.u.
[13 Marks]

(c) Based on the fault as described in part (b), determine the Blue phase voltage during fault at
Bus 6, in p.u.
[6 Marks]
Final Exam Sem 2 2018/19 (20 Marks)

Figure 4 shows a five (5) bus power system supplying power to a residential and commercial areas. The reactance data for the
five (5) bus power system in per unit on a common 100 MVA base is given in Table 3.
Grid Source

Bus 1

132/33 kV Transformer

Table 3: Reactance data of power system network components

Bus 2
Network Component X1 X2 X0

Grid source 0.01 0.01 0.01

L1 – 33 kV underground L2 – 33 kV underground
cable cable 132/33 kV Transformer 0.15 0.15 0.15

33 kV Feeder, L1 0.30 0.30 0.50

Bus 3
33 kV, Feeder, L2 0.30 0.30 0.50

33/11 kV Transformer 0.10 0.10 0.10

33/11 kV Transformer
Neutral Earth Reactor, XN XN = 0.2

Bus 5 Bus 4
XN

Figure 4: 5 Bus Power System Network

Final Exam Sem 2 2018/19 (20 Marks)

a) Draw the positive, negative and zero sequence impedance network of the power
system. Show all reactance values in your drawing.
[6 marks]

b) A double line (Yellow and Blue) to ground fault occurred at Bus 2. Calculate the
sequence impedances, and the fault current in per unit. Assume pre-fault voltage is 1.0
per unit.
[8 marks]

c) Based on the fault as described in part b), determine the Red, Yellow, and Blue phase
voltage during fault at Bus 2, in per unit.
[6 marks]