Scribd
Upload
12 views

1 - Introduction To Diesel Engine

Uploaded by

Anas Darwish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

1 - Introduction To Diesel Engine

Uploaded by

Anas Darwish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

What is Heat Engine?

Engine: is a device that converts one form of energy into another form.

Heat engine: is a device that transforms the chemical energy of a fuel into
thermal energy and utilizes this thermal energy to perform useful work.

Thus, Thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy in a heat engine.

A Heat engine may be classified based on where the combustion of fuel takes
place, i.e. whether outside the cylinder or inside the cylinder.
- External Combustion Engines
- Internal Combustion Engines

External Combustion Engines (ECE): Combustion of fuel takes place outside


the engines.

Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) : Combustion of fuel takes place inside


the engines.
Types of heat engines

I.C.E E.C.E

• Petrol engine P.E • Steam turbine

• Diesel Engine D.E • Atomic plant

• Gas turbine
Diesel fuel is less volatile than the fractions used in gasoline. In diesel engines the fuel
is ignited not by a spark, as in gasoline engines, but by the heat of air compressed in
the cylinder, with the fuel injected in a spray into the hot compressed air. Diesel fuel
releases more energy on combustion than equal volumes of gasoline, so diesel engines
generally produce better fuel economy than gasoline engines.

Both the engines have basic four-strokes, Intake, Compression, Power, and
Exhaust.
Rudolf Diesel’s
Invention

Rudolf Diesel, who is


best known for the
invention of the engine
that bears his name, was
born in Paris, France in
1858.

His invention came while


the steam engine was the
predominant power
source for large
industries.
Diesel’s third test engine used in
the successful 1897 acceptance test
1 cylinder,
four-stroke,
water-cooled,
air injection of fuel
Output: 14.7 kW (20 hp)
Fuel consumption: 317 g/kWh (238
g/hp.hr)
Efficiency: 26.2%
Number of revolutions: 172 RPM
Displacement volume: 19.6 L
Bore: 250 mm
Stroke: 400 mm
How diesel engines work

Diesel engines work by compressing only the air. This increases the air
temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomized diesel
fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously.
Requirements of Marine D.E.
• Approved from Registration
• Economic
• Heavy duty
• Less noise
• Less vibration
• Power/ weight ratio large as possible
• Power/ volume ratio large as possible
• Easy to repair and maintenance
• Easy maneuvering
• Spare parts available
• High efficiency
• Easy operation
• low lubricating oil consumption & low fuel oil consumption
Classification of D.E

• According to acting cycle


• According to speed
• According to type of fuel
• According to size
• According to cylinder arrangement
• According to super charging
• According to direction of rotation
• According to starting system
• According to cooling
• According to Power
• According to Injection
Classification of D.E
1 According to acting cycle
• Four stroke cycle diesel engine
It is the diesel engine which cycle is completed in four strokes.
• Two stroke cycle diesel engine
It is the diesel engine which cycle is completed in two strokes.

2 According to engine speed


A- Low Speed Eng. Less Than 250 rpm.
B- Medium Speed Eng. From 250 – 1000 rpm.
C- High Speed Eng. More Than 1000 rpm .

3 According to fuel used


• Engines using diesel fuel: They are the engines run only by diesel fuel as
high speed and small power engines.
• Engines using heavy fuel: They are the engines run on both diesel fuel and
heavy fuel as medium & slow speed diesel engines of high powers.
• Engine used natural gas
Classification of D.E
4 According to Size
Bore: it is the internal diameter of the cylinder liner. The bore is considered a
measure for the engine size.
A- the engine is a small size if its bore is < 120 mm .
B- the engine is a medium size if its bore is 120 - 300 mm.
C- the engine is a large size if its bore > 300 mm.

5 According to super charging


• Natural aspirated engine
It is the engine in which charging of air happen due to the difference in pressure
between the inside of the cylinder (vacuum) and the outside of the engine
(atmospheric pressure).
• Supercharged engine
It is the engine which is charged by compressed air.
Classification of D.E
6 According to cylinder Liner Arrangement
• In Line arrangement
• V Type Arrangement
• Radial arrangement

7 According to direction of rotation


• Single direction
• Reversed engine direction
Classification of D.E
8 According to starting system
• Manual started
• Electric starting motor
• Air starting motor
• Air starting system

9 According to cooling
• Air cooling
• Sea water cooling
• Fresh water cooling

10 According to ignition method


• Spark plug , Petrol engine.
• Self ignition engine ,diesel engine
Classification of D.E

11 According to Power
• The small engines have power-output values of less than 188 kilowatts, or
252 horsepower.
• Medium engines have power capacities ranging from 188 to 750 kilowatts,
or 252 to 1,006 horsepower.
• Large diesel engines have power ratings in excess of 750 kilowatts.
Engine Parameters

• Top dead center TDC


• Bottom dead center BDC
• Stroke L
• Bore B
• Clearance volume
• Swept volume
• Total volume VT
What is Compression Ratio?

Compression ratio (CR): is the ratio of the total volume of the combustion
chamber to the volume left after complete compression i.e. clearance volume.

In simple words, it is the ratio between the total volume of the combustion
chamber which is left when the piston is at its bottom dead center and the
volume left inside the combustion chamber when the piston moves to its top
dead center.
Compression Ratio
The ratio between the volume of air at the start of compression Vt
and the volume of air at the end of compression Vc .
CR= Vt / Vc

The compression ratio approximately 15:1 to 21:1

CR = 100 / 5 = 20

Any Increasing in Vt & Vc will affect in Compression Ratio = 101 / 6 = 17


AnyCh.Eng Loay in
Decreasing Aboud
Vt & Vc will affect 22
in Compression Ratio24=February
99 / 4 = 24
2024
As a result of CR increasing the ζth will be increased
& By CR decreasing the ζth will be decreased
Self Igniting Temperature
In the end of the compression stroke the temperature of Air in combustion chamber
should be reached to self ignition temperature of fuel for self igniting
Heavy fuel self igniting temperature 380-400 c
Diesel fuel self igniting temperature 400-450 c
Benzene self igniting temperature 500-550 c
LNG self igniting temperature 600-650 c

Ch.Eng Loay Aboud 23 24 February 2024


Definitions
The piston moving up and down between two points

• Top Dead Center : (TDC) Upper point


The heights point the piston can reached during its going up in the
piston liner.

• Bottom Dead Center : (BDC) Lower point


The lowest point the piston can reached during its going down in
the piston liner.

• Stroke
The distance which the piston move between the TDC and BDC .
Definitions
• Bore
Cylinder liner inner diameter

• Clearance Volume
The volume of the engine cylinder between the cylinder head and the top
dead center

• Swept Volume
The volume of the engine cylinder between the top dead center and the
bottom dead center

• Total Volume
Total volume = Clearance volume + swept volume
.
Diesel Engine Main Parts

• Fixed parts

o Bed plate
o A frame
o Cylinder block
o Cylinder head
o Tie Bolt
o Cylinder liner
o Injector
Diesel Engine Main Parts

• Moving parts

o Crank Shaft
o Connecting Rod
o Piston
o Piston Rod
o Cam Shaft
o Intake & Exhaust Valve
o Rocker Arm
o Push Rod
Thank you …….!!!!!

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy