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CIE 1.4 Density

Physics density

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66 views35 pages

CIE 1.4 Density

Physics density

Uploaded by

aqeelahamed2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

4 Density
Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance .
density = mass/volume
m = mass
V = volume
𝑚
Density ρ =
𝑉
• Worked example
Taking the density of copper as 9g/cm3, find (a) the mass of 5cm3 and (b) the
volume of 63g.

(a) ρ = 9g/cm3, V = 5cm3 and m =?


m = V × ρ = 5cm3 × 9 g/cm3 = 45 g

(b) ρ = 9 g/cm3, m = 63 g and V = ?


𝑚 63𝑔
V = = = 7cm3
𝜌 9𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
Practice
1 .A sheet of aluminium has a mass of 200g and a volume of 73cm3. Calculate
the density of aluminium.
m =200g , V =73cm3
ρ =?
𝑚 200
ρ = = = …. g/cm3
𝑉 73
2 .Taking the density of lead as 11g/cm3, find (a) the mass of 4cm3 (b) the
volume of 55g.
ρ = 11g/cm3 ,
(a) m=? V = 4cm3 , m = V × ρ = 4cm3 × 11 g/cm3 = 44 g
𝑚 55𝑔
(b) V =?, m =55g , V = = = 5cm3
𝜌 11𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
Simple density measurements
Regularly shaped solid
The mass is found on a balance and the volume by measuring its dimensions with
a ruler.
Irregularly shaped solid
The mass of the solid is found on a balance.
Its volume is measured by one of the
displacement methods
shown in Fig 1 ,the volume
is the difference between the first
and second readings.
In Fig 2 ,it is the volume of water
Fig 1 ,method 1 Fig 2 ,method 2
collected in the measuring cylinder.
• Liquid

The mass of an empty beaker is found on a balance.


A known volume of the liquid is transferred from a burette or a measuring
cylinder into the beaker.
The mass of the beaker plus liquid is found and the mass of liquid is obtained
by subtraction.
Air
Using a balance, the
mass of a 500 cm3
round- bottomed flask
full of air is found and
again after removing
the air with a vacuum
pump; the
difference gives the
mass of air in the flask
.
• Floating and sinking
• If an object is denser than that water, it will sink when placed in water, and if
it is less dense than that of water, it will float. The density is a characteristic
property of a substance and doesn't depend on the amount of substance.
• For example, a piece of glass of density 2.5 g/cm3 sinks in water (density 1.0
g/cm3) but floats in mercury (density 13.6 g/cm3 )

•
• Notes

• An iron nail sinks in water but an iron ship floats because its average
density is less than that of water, due to the low-density air enclosed in
the hull.

• A liquid of low density will float on a liquid of higher density if the


two liquids do not mix.
Test yourself
1 (a) Calculate the density of a substance of (i) mass 100g and volume 10cm3
(ii) volume 3m3 and mass 9kg.
𝑚
a)(i) ρ =? V = 10cm3 , m =100g ,V =
𝜌
𝑚 100
ρ = = = 10 g/cm3
𝑉 10
𝑚
(ii)ρ =? V = 3m3 , m =9kg ,V =
𝜌
𝑚 9
ρ = = = 3 kg/m3
𝑉 3
(b) The density of gold is 19g/cm3. Find the volume of(i) 38g (ii) 95g of gold.
ρ = 19g/cm3 ,
𝑚 𝑚 38
(i) m=38g , V = ? , ρ = ,V = = …..cm3
𝑉 ρ 19
𝑚 𝑚 95
(ii) m=95g , V = ? , ρ = ,V = = …..cm3
𝑉 ρ 19
• 2 A rectangular steel bar is 4cm long, 3cm wide and 1cm thick. When
weighed it is found to have a mass of 96g. Calculate its density in (a)
g/cm3 (b) kg/m3

• V =4cm x 3cm x1cm =12 cm3


(a)ρ =? V = 12cm3 , m =96g
𝑚 96
ρ = = = 8 g/cm3
𝑉 12

96
(b)ρ =? V = 12cm3=12x10-6 m3 , m =96 g = =0.096kg
1000
𝑚 0.096
ρ = = = 8x103 kg/m3
𝑉 12x10−6
3. The water in a measuring cylinder is at the 50cm3 level. A pebble is dropped
into the water and the water level rises to 60cm3. The pebble is completely
covered by water. Calculate (a) the volume of the pebble(b) the density of the
pebble, if it weighs 60g.
(a)V =(60-50) cm3 =10 cm3
𝑚 60𝑔
(b) ρ = = = 6 g/cm3
𝑉 10 cm3

4 .Liquid A has a density of 0.8g/cm3 and water has a density of 1.0g/cm3. If the
two liquids do not mix, which liquid will float on top of the other?
• Density of liquid A is smaller than density of water .So, liquid A is will float
on top of the water.
• Exam-style questions
1 a Choose which of the following definitions for density is correct.
A mass/volume B mass × volume C volume/mass D weight/area [1]
b Calculate
(i) the mass of 5m3 of cement of density 3000kg/m3 [3]
ρ = 3000 kg/m3 , V = 5m3 , m = ?
𝑚 =ρV= 3000 x 5 = 15000 kg
(ii) the mass of air in a room measuring 10m × 5.0m × 2.0m if the density of
air is 1.3 kg/m3. [3] [Total: 7]
• V =10m x 5m x2m =100m3
(a)ρ = 1.3 kg/m3 , V = 100m3 , m =?
𝑚 =ρV= 1.3 x 100 = 130 kg
2 (a) Describe how you could determine the density of a liquid. 1.Measure the
mass m1 of an empty beaker on a balance.
2.Transfer a known volume V of the liquid from a burette or a measuring
cylinder into the beaker.
3.Measure the mass m2 of the beaker plus liquid.
4Mass of liquid m = (m2 – m1) and so ρ = m/V can be calculated.

b An empty beaker is weighed and found to have a mass of 130g. A measuring


cylinder contains 50 cm3 of an unknown liquid.
All the liquid is poured into the beaker which is again weighed and found to
have a mass of 170 g.
B Calculate the density of the liquid.
c Explain why ice floats on water.
d Explain why oil floats on water.
3 a A block of wood has dimensions of 10 cm × 8 cm × 20 cm.
i Calculate the volume of the block in cubic metres.
ii The block is placed on a balance and found to weigh 1.2 kg.
Calculate the density of the block in kg/m3.
b When a golf ball is lowered into a measuring cylinder of water, the water
level rises by 30cm3 when the ball is completely submerged. If the ball weighs
33 g in air, calculate its density in kg/m3.
Paper 6

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