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Density

The document discusses the concept of density and how to calculate it. Density is defined as the ratio of an object's mass to its volume. It can be calculated using the formula: density = mass/volume. The document provides examples of calculating density for different materials and shapes, including liquids, regular solids like cubes and cylinders, and irregular solids using displacement of water. Key units used are grams (g) for mass, cubic centimeters (cm3) for volume, and g/cm3 as the standard unit for density.

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48 views25 pages

Density

The document discusses the concept of density and how to calculate it. Density is defined as the ratio of an object's mass to its volume. It can be calculated using the formula: density = mass/volume. The document provides examples of calculating density for different materials and shapes, including liquids, regular solids like cubes and cylinders, and irregular solids using displacement of water. Key units used are grams (g) for mass, cubic centimeters (cm3) for volume, and g/cm3 as the standard unit for density.

Uploaded by

Rgigi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DENSITY

Chapter 1
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Density of Matter
• Calculating Density
WHAT IS DENSITY?
• Which one of the squares below is more dense?

Square A Square B
WHAT IS DENSITY?
Square B is more dense.

Square A Square B
WHAT IS DENSITY?
• Remember the equation? mass
density = ─────
volume
1. The volumes are equal (squares are the same size)
2. The masses are different (Square B has more
particles)
Square A Square B
WHAT IS DENSITY?
• How about this? Now which square is more dense?

Square A Square B
WHAT IS DENSITY?
• Square B is more dense. It has the same amount of
matter (mass) in a smaller space.
Square A Square B
WHAT IS DENSITY?
• Density is about physical property of matter.
• Density is a comparison of how much matter there is in a
certain amount of space.
• It is a relationship between mass and volume.
• So, it can be expressed by the formula:

mass
density = ─────
volume
Density of Matter
How tightly packed matter is the amount of mass in a given
space.

MORE DENSE LESS DENSE


Sink & Float

Float Sink
(density of object < density of liquid) (density of object > density of liquid)
Density in Liquids
• The density of a liquid is a measure of how heavy it is for
the amount measured.

LESS DENSE

MORE DENSE
CALCULATING DENSITY
• Density can be calculated by using the formula:
mass
density = ─────
volume
• The standard units used in density are:
• Mass is measured in grams (g) / kilograms (kg)
• Volume is measured in cubic centimeters (cm3) / cubic meters
(m3)
• Therefore, density is expressed in g/cm3 or kg/m3.
Remember!
1 m3 = 1 000 000 cm3
1 litre = 1 000 cm3
1 ml = 1 cm3
1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3
1 kg/m3 = 0.001 g/cm3

Density of Water
(1000 kg/m or
3 1 g/cm )
3
EXAMPLES
• Jack has a rock. The rock has a mass of 6g and a
volume of 3cm3. What is the density of the rock?
d=6g 3 cm3 = 2 g/cm3
• Jill has a gel pen. The gel pen has a mass of 8g and
a volume of 2cm3. What is the density of the pen?
d=8g 2 cm3 = 4 g/cm3
Now, try these on your own.

• Alicia has a watch. It has a mass of 4g and a


volume of 2cm3. What is the density of the
watch?
d = 4g 2cm3 = 2g/cm3
• Mr. Barrett has a wallet. It has a mass of
15g and a volume of 5cm3. What is the
density of the wallet?
d = 15g 5cm3 = 3g/cm3
• There are 3 ways to find the volume of a
substance depending on if it is:
1. a liquid,
2. a regular solid,
3. an irregular solid.
1. Find the volume of substance if it is LIQUID

If the substance is a liquid, you must read


the meniscus of a graduated cylinder.
Example: The mass of the
liquid in this graduated cylinder is
219 g. What is its density?
V = 73 ml
V = 73 cm3

d = 219 g 73 cm3 = 3 g/cm3


The mass of this liquid is 36g.
What is its density?

d = 36 g 18 cm3
= 2 g/cm3

V = 18 ml
V = 18 cm3
This liquid has a mass of 70 g.
What is its density?
d = 70 g 35 cm3
= 2 g/cm3

V = 35 ml
V = 35 cm3
2. Find the volume of substance if it is a
REGULAR SOLID

If the substance is a regular solid, you must


calculate the volume using :

Cuboid : V = length x width x height


Cube : V = side x side x side
Cylinder : V = π x r x r x h = πr2h
What is the density of the solid below if its mass is
150g? Measurements below are in cm.

V = 2cm x 5cm x 3cm = 30cm3.

d = 150 g 30 cm3
= 5 g/cm3
The mass is 48g. What is the density?

V = 4cm x 2cm x 3cm = 24cm3.

d = 48 g 24 cm3
= 2 g/cm3
The mass is 72g. What is the density of this box?

V = 8cm x 1cm x 1cm = 8cm3.

d = 72 g 8 cm3
= 9 g/cm3
3. Find the volume of substance if it is a
IRREGULAR SOLID

To get the density of an irregular solid :


1) Measure the volume of water in a graduated
cylinder before and after you drop in the solid.
2) Subtract the 2 measurements to get the solid s
volume.

Rock s mass = 35g


What is the density if the rock’s mass is
35 g?

V = 30 ml – 23 ml
= 7 ml
= 7 cm3

d = 35 g 7 cm3
= 5 g/cm3

23 ml 30 ml
before after

Rock s mass = 35g

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