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    Morphology of Flowering Plants - Short Notes

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    Morphology of Flowering Plants - Short Notes

    Uploaded by

    priya9839420311
    138 views2 pages
    pw short notes

    Original Title

    Morphology of Flowering Plants _ Short Notes

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    pw short notes

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    Download as pdf or txt
    138 views2 pages

    Morphology of Flowering Plants - Short Notes

    Uploaded by

    priya9839420311
    pw short notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Morphology of Flowering Plants

    SHORT NOTES
    Table 1: Parts of a plant
    Plant Organ Part Function Modifications Example
    Protects the apex of
    Root cap root and makes its way Storage of food Carrot, turnip, sweet potato, etc.
    through the soil
    Region of meristematic Banyan tree, maize, sugarcane,
    Repeated division Support
    activity etc.
    The Root
    Growth of root in length
    Region of elongation due to rapid elongation Respiration Rhizophora
    and enlargement of cell
    Differentiation and
    Region of maturation
    maturation of cell
    Potato, ginger, zaminkand, Colo-
    Spreading out branches
    Nodes- The region cassia.
    bearing leaves, flowers, Storage of food
    where leaves are born Also acts as organs of perenna-
    and fruits.
    tion.
    It conducts water, miner- For climbing Gourds (cucumber, pumpkins,
    als, and photosynthates (stem tendril) watermelon), grapevines.
    The Stem
    For protection Citrus, Bougainvillea
    Internode- The region
    between two nodes For photosynthesis Opuntia, Euphorbia
    Grasses, strawberry, mint, jas-
    For spreading and
    mine, Pistia, Eichhornia, banana,
    vegetative propagation
    pineapple, Chrysanthemum
    Leaf base (leaf attached
    Hold the blade to light For climbing Pea
    to the stem).
    Petiole For defence Cacti
    The Leaf Veins provide rigidity to
    For food storage Garlic and onion
    Lamina or leaf blade the leaf blade.
    (have veins and veinlets) Photosynthesis Australian acacia
    Insectivorous Pitcher plant, venus - fly trap

    Venation Depending on whether the apex gets developed into a flower


    ™
    The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of
    ™ or continuous to grow, two major types are:
    leaf is termed as venation.  Racemose and cymose.
    ™ It is of two types: Flower
     Reticulate - Common in dicots
    ™ It is the reproductive unit in angiosperms.
     Parallel - Common in monocots
    ™ Based on the position of floral parts on thalamus, flower,
    Types of Leaves
    ™ A leaf could be simple or compound.
    could be of 3 types.
    ™ Compound leaves are of two types i.e.,  Hypogynous - mustard, china rose and brinjal
     Pinnately compound leaf - neem.  Perigynous - Plum, rose, peach
     Palmately compound leaf - silk cotton.  Epigynous - Guava, cucumber, ray florets of sunflower
    Phyllotaxy Aestivation
    ™ Pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. ™ The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud
    ™ It is of three types:
    with respect to the other members of the same whorl.
     Alternate - Chinarose, mustard and sunflower.
    ™ The four types of aestivation in corolla are as follows:
     Opposite - Calotropis and guava
     Whorled - Alstonia  Valvate - Calotropis.

    The Inflorescence  Twisted - China rose, lady’s finger and cotton.


    ™ The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as  Imbricate - Cassia and gulmohar.
    inflorescence.  Vexillary - Pea and beans.

    1
    ™ On the basis of the arrangement of ovules within the ovary, ™ In monocots, seed have single shield shaped cotyledon
    placentation is of 5 types: known as scutellum.
     Marginal - Pea ™ The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by
     Axile - China rose, tomato and lemon aleurone layer.
     Parietal - Mustard and Argemone ™ Plumule gives rise to coleoptile and radicle give rise to
     Free central - Dianthus and Primrose coleorhiza.
     Basal - sunflower, marigold ™ On the basis of presence of absence of endosperm seed is of
    ™ The fruit of mango and coconut is drupe. two types i.e.,
    ™ The dicot seed consist of embryonal axis and two cotyledons.  Endospermic seed - Castor
    At the ends of embryonal axis radicle and plumule are present.  Non-endospermic seed - Bean, gram, and pea

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