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Stoichiometry 0001

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8 views

Stoichiometry 0001

Uploaded by

chaitanya.palutla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemical Stoichiometry refers to the quantitative study of the reactants

and products involved in a chemical reaction. The


word “stoichiometry” is derived from the Greek word “stoikhein”
meaning element, and “metron” meaning measure.

The term Stoichiometry was first coined or discovered by a German


chemist named Jeremias Richter. Even though this tongue-twisting
word can sound complicated and big, it is a simple idea. In this lesson,
we will learn about what it means and discuss the different aspects of
this concept.

What Is Stoichiometry?
In simple words, we can define,

Stoichiometry as the calculation of products and reactants in a chemical


reaction. It is basically concerned with numbers.

Stoichiometry is an important concept in Chemistry that helps us use


balanced chemical equations to calculate amounts of reactants and
products. Here, we make use of ratios from the balanced equation. In
general, all the reactions that take place are dependent on one main
factor, that is, how much substance is present.

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Stoichiometry helps us determine how much substance is needed or is


present. Things that can be measured are,

1. Reactants and products mass


2. Molecular weight
3. Chemical equations
4. Formulas

Stoichiometric Coefficient
The stoichiometric coefficient or stoichiometric number is the number of
molecules that participate in the reaction. If you look at any balanced
reaction, you can notice that there are an equal number of elements on
both sides of the equation. The stoichiometric coefficient is basically the
number present in front of atoms, molecules or ions.

Stoichiometric coefficients can be fractions as well as whole numbers. In


essence, the coefficients help us to establish the mole ratio between
reactants and products.
Balanced Reactions and Mole Ratios
Atoms and molecules are extremely small in size, and their numbers in a
very small amount of a substance are very large. Therefore, to represent
atoms and molecules in bulk, a mole concept was introduced. One mole
of any substance contains 6.022 x 1023 numbers of that substance. This
number is also known as Avogadro’s number.

The mass of one mole of a substance in grams is called molar


mass. The molar mass of one mole of a substance is numerically equal
to the atomic/molecular formula mass.

Let us take one example of a balanced chemical equation,

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(l) ⇾ Fe3O4 (s)+ 4H2 (g)

The quantitative information drawn from this balanced chemical equation


is

1. 3 mole of Fe reacts with 4 moles of H2O to yield one mole of Fe3O4 and 4
moles of H2.
2. 168g ( 56×3) of Fe reacts with 72g( 18×4) of H20 to yield 231g of Fe3O4 and 8g
of H2 gas.

If the reactants and products are in gaseous form, then the molar volume
is taken into consideration. One mole of any gas occupies 22.4 litres.

CH4(g) + 2O2(g)⇾ CO2(g)+ 2H20 (g)

In the above reaction, 22.4 litres of CH4 reacts with 44.8 (2 x 22.4) litres
of 02 to yield 22.4 litres of CO2 and 44.8 litres of H2O.

Limiting Reagent
In a chemical reaction, it is possible that one of the reactants is present
in excess amount. Some of these excess reactants will, therefore, be left
over when the reaction is complete; the reaction stops immediately as
soon as one of the reactants is totally consumed.
The substance that is totally consumed in a reaction is called the limiting
reagent.

Let us take one example of a chemical reaction to understand the


limiting reagent concept.

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